Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)
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Transcript of Phylum Porifera (Lab.exer.2)
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Phylum PoriferaLaboratory Exercise 2
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Porifera
most primitive metazoans with lower grade of
body organizations
made of cells, no tissues or organs found in their
body
without mouth and nervous system
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Compose of many pores, canals and chonaocyte cells
can be differentiated from the protozoans in having
cells and skeleton in the forms of spicules.
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All sponges are aquatic, marine or freshwater; remainattached to some submerged substratum.
Body flower-vase like or tubular, with radial symmetry orwithout any symmetry.
Multicullular body is provided with many pores or Ostia.
General CharactersGeneral Characters
General Characters
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The space in between ectoderm and endoderm is filled
with mesenchyme, i.e., the animal is diploblastic.
Body is having canal system.
Flagellated cells or choanocytes line the radial canal.
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Internal skeleton is made up of spongin fibre,
siliceous or calcareous spicules.
Reproduction sexual or asexual, asexual reproduction
takes place by the formation of gemmules.
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. OBJECTIVES
To classify Poriferan groups into Calcarea,
Demospongia and Hexactinellida by using the canalsystem, spicule types and external characteristics of
the sponge body.
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Materials
3 identified samples of sponges of different classes
10 unidentified samples of sponges of different types
Microscope
Glass Slides with cover slip
Blade
Sulfuric Acid
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METHOD1. Borrow a cross sectional slide of the Poriferan of
different Classes (if available in the laboratory) and
study their histology. Compare such with the samples
by studying them under the dissecting microscope.
Tabulate cytological or histological differences.
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2. Collection of Specimen: Collect sponges of different types by
cutting about 2 mm of the poriferan tissue and place them in
labeled plastic bags. (This will be explained by the Instructor).
3. Determination of Canal System: Each student will need 10
samples to study. The corresponding labels of the samples
should be recorded for classification purposes. Categorize themaccording to (A) type of water canal system (Asconoid,
Leuconoid, Syconoid) as based on the arrangement and
complexity of the folds and chambers as observed under the
dissecting microscope; (B) coloration (bright, dull, brown, etc);(C) epidermal texture ( rough, spiny, smooth, nodular, etc).
Tabulate data.
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4. Spicule Separation and Bleaching of Spicules:
a. Place an amount of sulfuric acid to a sample of the sponge in
a slide to remove the organic components of the choanoderm and
observe it using the LPO of a compound microscope. Identify the
type of spicule ( monoaxon, triaxon, bi radiate, triradiate, etc), in
each sample. Illustrate the spicule type and tabulate types
according to Classes of Porifera. Calcareous sponges have greaterdensity of simple calcium carbonate spicules while Demospongea
possess more complex spicule types arranged in a proteinous
matrix. The Hexactinellids possess siliceous type of spicules.
b. All characteristics of the Porifera should be properly
illustrated or documented
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Results
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Specimen 1
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size /Formof Colony
Intertidal area
inhabited by
crustaceans
Dark
yellow,
rough
Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Massive
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Specimen 2
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size /Formof Colony
Middle of
intertidal area
Black,
fairly
smooth
DemospongiaMonoaxon/
triactSyconoid Massive
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Specimen 3
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size /Formof Colony
Middle of
intertidal area
Yellowis
h brown,
fine
texture
Calcarea Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,
branching
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Specimen 4
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size /Formof Colony
Middle of
intertidal areaViolet Calcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive
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Specimen 5
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size /Formof Colony
Near water Yellow Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Small,Flat
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Specimen 6
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size/Formof Colony
Middle of
intertidal poolYellow Calcarea
Monoaxon,
both
pointed
Leuconoid Massive
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Specimen 7
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size/Formof Colony
Near the
water
Pinkish
redCalcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive
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Specimen 8
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size/Formof Colony
Near water
Dark
green,
red
DemospongiaComplex
monoaxonLeuconoid Branching
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Specimen 9
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size/Formof Colony
Near water Orange Calcarea
Branching
upward
monoaxon
Leuconoid Massive
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Specimen 10
Habitat Color &texture ClassSpiculeType
CanalSystem
Size/Formof Colony
Near water White Demospongia Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,
branching
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Summary
Specimen no. Habitat Color &texture Class Spicule Type CanalSystem Size/ Formof Colony
1Intertidal
area
Dark
yellow,
rough
Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Massive
2
Middle of
intertidal
area
Black,
fairly
smooth
Demospongia
monoaxon./triact
Syconoid Massive
3
Middle of
intertidal
area
Yellowis
h brown,
finetexture
CalcareaMonoaxon
hylostyleLeuconoid
Massive,
branching
4
Middle of
intertidal
area
Violet Calcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive
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Summary
Specimen no. Habitat Color &texture Class Spicule Type CanalSystem Size/ Formof Colony
5 Near water Yellow Calcarea Monoaxon Syconoid Small, flat
6
Middle of
intertidal
pool
Yellow Calcarea
Monoaxon
both are
pointed
Leuconoid Massive
7Near the
water
Pinkish
redCalcarea Monoaxon Leuconoid Massive
8 Near waterDark
greenDemospongia
Complex
MonoaxonLeuconoid Branching
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Summary
Specimen no. Habitat Color &texture Class Spicule Type CanalSystem Size/ Formof Colony
9 Near water Orange Calcarea
Branching
upward
Calcarera
Leuconoid Massive
10 Near water White Demospongia Monoaxon LeuconoidMassive,
branching
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Thank You!!