Phylum: Nematoda
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Transcript of Phylum: Nematoda
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Phylum: Nematoda
• “thread-like”, commonly called roundworms, found just about everywhere
• Examples: ascaris, pinworms, hookworms, trichina worms
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Traits
• Round bodies
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Traits
• Non-segmented
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Traits
• Bilateral symmetry
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Traits
• cephalized
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Traits
• Tube-in-a-tube (complete) digestive system – 2 openings
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Traits
• Longitudinal muscles only
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Traits
• Flame cells
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Advantages of a complete digestive system
• Can eat continuously• Can eliminate wastes without losing good food
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Why are worms so long?
• Since they have a straight G.I. tract, they must be long in order to have a tract long enough to digest and absorb food before it reaches the anus
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Excretory system
• Flame cells collect waste and force them out through a series of tubes with one common exit
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Reproduction
• Most are dioecious
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Two categories:
Free living
Parasitic
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Freeliving
• More abundant than the parasitic nematodes• Live in soil and water (fresh and salt)
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Freeliving Nematodes
• Bacterial feeders• Fungal feeders• Many are beneficial in
helping to control disease and cycle nutrients in the soils
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Size = average 1 mm in length
• Larger one consuming smaller parasitic ones
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Plant parasitic nematodes
• Form cysts on the roots
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Parasites
• Live in another organism
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A few main types…
Ascaris Pinworms
Trichina wormsHookworms
Filarial worms
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Ascaris
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Ascaris
• Studied a lot because they are big and cheap
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Ascaris life cycle
• Adults live in pig intestines, mate, eggs leave with feces
• Pigs ingest contaminated food or water, start over
• Since the cycle is simple, it’s hard to break
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Ascaris larvae
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Ascaris
Mouth
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Ascaris in Pig Intestines
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Pinworms
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Pin worms
• Most common nematode parasite in humans
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Pin worm life cycle
• Adults live in human intestines, mate, females crawl out the anus and lay eggs on the surrounding skin
• Kid scratches self, then eats without washing hands, starts over
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Pinworm in Colon
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Cure • Easy, oral medicine goes directly to them and
are flushed out with feces
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Prevention
• Wash hands, especially after using the bathroom
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Hookworms
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Hook worms
• Intestinal parasites of humans, suck blood
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Hook worm life cycle
• Adults live in intestines, mate, eggs leave with feces
• Hatch into larvae which bore through bare feet and eventually enter the lungs
• Crawl up trachea, are swallowed, start over
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Hookworm larvae tracks
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Symptoms
• Abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, anemia
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Prevention
• Wear shoes• good sewage system
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Trichina worms
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Trichina worms
• Cause trichinosis, can be fatal
Red swollen eyesFatigue and diarrheaBrain swellingHeart failure
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Trichina worm life cycle
• Adults live in pigs intestines, mate, eggs immediately hatch into larvae which bore through intestines into blood stream
• Eventually lodge and form cysts in the muscles, another animal eats it, start over
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Meat infested with Trichina worm
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Prevention
• Cook meat well• Inspect meat• Don’t feed pigs raw meat
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Filarial worms
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Filarial worms
• Cause elephantitis by clogging lymph nodes so they can’t drain fluids from the limb
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Filarial worm life cycle
• Live and mate in fluids of body tissues, larvae are sucked out by mosquitoes and injected into another animal
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Prevention
• Kill mosquitoes