Phycology basic presentation

Basics of Algology

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Phycology actually is the study of algae, and this term Phycology derived from the Greek term “PHYKOS” which means “SEAWEED”.


•Algae are thallophytes.•Algae are Eukaryotes.•Algae belong to the kingdom Protista.•Algae can range from microscopic algae to large seaweeds and are mostly photosynthetic.



HeterogeneousAutotrophicTrue embryogenesis

absent.Vascular tissues absent

( there are no xylem & phloem or true roots, stems or leaves).

Both sexual and asexual reproduction can be found.

Depending on main five characteristics algae can be classified primarily as follows:

Presence of photosynthetic pigments,On the basis of cell structure,Character of cell wall constituent,Type of food reserves,Type of flagella.


Some important systems of classification of Algae are…Fritsch, F E, (1935); Smith, G.M. (1955); Bold & Wynne (1985); Lee, R.E. (1989).There are various divisions and classes but we here discussing only on following some important phyla… Cyanophyta Prochlorophyta Glaucophyta Rhodophyta Chlorophyta Euglenophyta Dinophyta Cryptophyta Chrysophyta Prymnesiophyta Bacillariophyta Xanthophyta Eustigmatophyta Raphidophyta Pahaeophyta.


Basic Visual Idea


Cyanophyta

Blue-Green Algae with chlorophyll a

and

phycobiliproteins and glycogen as

storage food.


Prochlorophyta

With both chlorophyll a & b.


Glaucophyta

They have endosymbiont blue-

green algae in the

cytoplasm instead of chloroplast.

Flagella present and

whiplash type.


Rhodophyta

Presence of both chlorophyll a & b.

Storage product is

floridian starch.


Chlorophyta

With both chlorophyll a & b.

Reserve food starch

within chloroplast usually in association with a pyrenoid.


Euglenophyta

Have both chlorophylls a and b.

Nucleus mesocaryotic.

Paramylon formed as storage product.


Dinophyta

A typical motile dinoflagellate

consists of an

epicone and hypocone divided by

the transverse girdle.

Chlophyllua a & c2 .


Cryptophyta

Contains both

chlophylls a and c2.

Phycobilins present outside the thylakoids.

Starch as researve

food present outside the chloroplast.


Chrysophyta

Golden brown in color due to presence

of facoxanthin and ß

carotene.

Storage product is

crysolaminarin.


Prymnesiophyta

Presence of haptonema between

two smooth flagella.

Cells are usually covered with scales.


Bacillariophyta

Brown fucoxanthin gives the brown

color.

Cell are surrounded by a rigid two part box like cell wall

composed of silica, called the frustule.


Xanthophyta

Most cell wall is composed of two overlapping halves.

Motile cells with a forwardly directed tinsel flagellum and a posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum.


Eustigmatophyta

The only chlorophyll is ‘a’.

Starch is not reserve

food.


Raphidophyta

Cells are large dorsiventrally

constructed.

Presence of chlorophyll a and c.


Phaeophyta

Mostly marine.

Flagella two inserted

laterally, one

anterior tinsel & another poterior whiplash

Storage product is

laminarin.


Algae mainly differ from fungi in possessing chlorophyll and a characteristically holophytic, photosynthetic mode of nutrition. For further advanced study and information keep eyes on updates from dna2life.com


Phycology basic presentation

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