PHS Biology - Pyramid of Energy:smolynscience.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/0/3/47036693/… · Web...
Transcript of PHS Biology - Pyramid of Energy:smolynscience.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/0/3/47036693/… · Web...
Biology I Notes Name:________________________________Date: ______________
Period:______Unit 2: Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
Ecosystem-__________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A combination of biotic (_____________________) and abiotic (__________________________) factors
Part 1: Food Chains
Every organism has a niche—_____________________________________________________________________o Includes both physical environment and its mode of nutrition.
2 Modes of Nutrition:
1) Autotroph or Producer— _____________________________________________________________________
o Through either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
o Photosynthesis—__________________________________________________________________________
o ______________________________________________________________
o Chemosynthesis—_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2) Heterotroph—________________________________________________
A) Consumers (eat their food)
i.) Herbivore—_________________________________________
ex: __________________________________
ii.) Carnivore—_________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________
iii.) Omnivore—__________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________
B) Detritivore—_________________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________
C) Decomposer—_______________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________
*Key Idea: Energy flows through an ecosystem in one
direction, from the sun to the ____________________ to the
____________________ to the ____________________. Along the way
chemical energy gets degraded into heat that is lost to the
atmosphere and can’t be used by organisms, or released as
waste.
Food Chain:______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
● Each organism or link in the food chain is called a
______________________ or feeding level.
● Food chains usually have 2-5 trophic levels.
● Arrows always point to the consumer that is
receiving the energy.
Trophic Levels of a Food Chain
1) The _______________________, or autotroph, occupies the _________ trophic level
o Ex: __________________________________________
2) The _______________________, or the consumer that eats the producer, occupies the __________trophic level
o Ex: ___________________________________________
3) The ________________________________, or the consumer that eats the primary consumer,occupies the ________ trophic level in the food chain.
o Ex.: __________________________________________
4) The _______________________, or the consumer that eats the secondary consumer, occupiesthe ________ trophic level in the food chain
o Ex: __________________________________________
5) The _______________________, or the consumer that eats the tertiary consumer, occupies the________ trophic level in the food chain.
o Ex: ________________________________________
Part 2: Food Webs
Food Web:___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Food webs take into consideration the varied diets of organisms.
Why do food chains typically have 5 or fewer trophic levels? __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rule of 10%
● Only 10% of the energy taken in by an organism is used for growth. The energy is stored in the new tissues that can be gained by a consumer.
● The remaining 90% is used in chemical reactions and lost as heat or remains in undigested food waste.
Pyramid of Energy: _______________________________________________________________________________________
● Label the trophic levels and record the amount of energy received by each one.
● The amount of energy available to each trophic level decreases as you move up the food chain. This is because an organism uses most of the energy it takes in or loses it as heat. It only stores 10%, which is available to the consumer.
Pyramid of Numbers _______________________________________________________________
Pyramid of Biomass ________________________________________________________________
● Both of these pyramids may not always have a larger base. ● Top consumers have to eat a lot of organisms from the trophic level below it to get enough
energy to survive. ● Because of this great need to eat, each level can support fewer individuals with an overall
lower mass.
Part 3: Problems in the Food Chain
Biological Magnification- ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
● Chemicals are stored in the fat of animals, so the consumer obtains the chemicals when it eats these animals.
● For example, the pesticide DDT was widely used 1970s. It washed into waterways, where it was stored in the fat of fish. Bald eagles consumed these fish and acquired large amounts of pesticides. These pesticides cause the eagle’s eggshells to thin. As a result, mother birds accidentally crushed their eggs. Bald eagle populations declined, and it became an endangered species.