PHRM-512 L.S.No-8 v-2(Final) Evidence Based: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL ISSUES 1.
PHRM 3050 Fall 2014 Course Packet
description
Transcript of PHRM 3050 Fall 2014 Course Packet
-
PHRM 3050
The Biochemical Basis of Disease and Drug Action
Michael G. Bartlett, Ph.D.
-
PHRM 3050 Fall 2014
The Biochemical Basis of Disease and Drug Action
Instructor: Michael G. Bartlett, Ph.D. Office: RC Wilson Room 420
Class: M 11:15-12:05, W 10:10-12:05 Phone: 542-5390
Room: 120 College of Pharmacy E-mail: [email protected]
The purpose of this course is to train you in biochemistry. Biochemistry is the basis of
physiological function, which determines the pharmacology of drugs. It is the basis of
chemotherapy for infectious diseases where the biochemical differences of the infectious
agents (bacteria, fungi, protozoa and virus) are exploited in order to bring about the death
of the organism without affecting the host. It is the basis of the chemotherapy for cancer
where the biochemical differences between the cancer cell and the normal cell are
exploited to bring about cell death. Finally, it is the basis of some pharmacotherapies
where the target of the drug is an enzyme, which is inhibited. The importance of
knowledge of biochemistry in the understanding of diseases, of how drugs work, the role
of vitamins and minerals in metabolism and the rational selection of pharmacotherapies
cannot be over emphasized.
Method of Evaluation
There will be 3 hourly exams during the semester plus a comprehensive final exam
during finals week, each will count 24% of your final grade. These may consist of a
combination of multiple choice, multiple-multiple choice (keyed questions), short answer,
numerical problems and essay questions. You are expected to know the names of
enzymes, the structure and name of the substrates, the products of enzymatic reactions
and the name and structure of any known inhibitors of the process.
Exam Dates
Exam I 8 am, Monday September 15th
, 2014
Exam II 8 am, Friday September 26th
, 2014
Exam III 8 am, Friday October 17th
, 2014
Final Exam 8 am, Monday November 11th
, 2014
The remaining four percent of your grade will be determined by your completion of
minute papers assigned throughout the semester. Minute papers are used to quickly
determine the impact of any lecture and to allow the instructor make adjustments to the
course prior to examinations. For these papers, you are asked to answer three questions:
1) What is the most significant fact that you learned today; 2) What is the most unclear
point from todays lecture; and 3) What is the most interesting point from todays lecture.
The minute paper is a pass/fail type of assignment with no correct or incorrect answers.
The class is divided into four laboratory sections for skills labs. One section will be
responsible for turning in a paper each day. Therefore, each student should only have to
turn in a minute paper once every two weeks.
-
Grading Scale for PHRM 3050
Grade %
A 92.00-100
A- 89.50-91.99
B+ 87.00-89.49
B 82.00-86.99
B- 79.50-81.99
C+ 77.00-79.49
C 72.00-76.99
C- 69.50-72.00
D 59.50-69.49
F 0.00-59.49
Regrading Policy
Students who believe that an error has occurred in the grading of an assignment should
alert the instructor within two weeks of the date of the assignment. Additional points
may be awarded at the discretion of the instructor. No grades will be changed once the
two-week period for regrading has passed.
Make-Up Examination Policy
Students may be permitted to take a make-up examination under the following
conditions. 1) The student was medically unable to be in school and appropriate proof is
provided to the instructor. 2) There is a conflict with another University or College
academic function and the student has informed the instructor at least 48 hours prior to
the examination. 3) Other personal emergencies will be handled on a case-by-case basis.
Make-up tests will not contain any multiple choice questions and will be primarily essay
in nature. The examinations may take longer than the time normally allotted for standard
assignments. Make-up examinations must occur within a week of the original test date or
the student will receive a zero for the assignment.
Calculator Policy
Calculators may be permitted on some exams. During the exams, only basic scientific
calculators with simple functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,
logarithms and exponents will be allowed. Examples of acceptable calculators are the
Casio 100-300, Sharp 500 and TI-30 series. The instructor must approve other
calculators 24 hours before the exam begins. Calculators with graphing and
differentiating capabilities are NOT allowed. Use of calculators on cell phones or PDAs
is NOT allowed. Use of an unauthorized calculator will result in a zero for the
examination and will be considered a violation of the UGA academic honesty policy and
the College of Pharmacy Professionalism Policy.
-
Class Attendance and Absences
Students are expected to attend class regularly. A student who incurs an excessive
number of absences may be dismissed from a class at the discretion of the instructor. If
the student must miss an exam due to illness or another emergency, the instructor should
be informed, either directly or through the Deans office, of the situation prior to the
exam being given. The student will then be given a make-up exam as soon as possible
after the student returns to class. An unexcused absence from an exam will result in a
zero for that exam at the discretion of the instructor.
Academic Honesty
The University of Georgia Honor Code, Academic Policy and the College of Pharmacy
Professionalism Policy provide the framework for all assignments and interactions
associated with this course. In addition, all academic work must meet the standards
contained in "A Culture of Honesty." Students are responsible for informing themselves
about those standards before performing any academic work.
Texts
Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 29th Edition by Murray, Bender, Botham, Kennelly,
Rodwell and Weil.
Supplemental Reading Sources
Biochemistry by Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer
Medical Biochemistry by Bhagavan
Principles of Biochemistry with a Human Focus by Garrett and Grisham
Biochemistry by Garrett and Grisham
Medicinal Chemistry Edward Foye
Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations by Thomas Devlin
Biochemistry by Donald and Judith Voet
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics by Goodman and Gilman
Biochemistry and Disease by Cohn and Roth
-
Topical Outline of Material to be Covered
I. Characteristics of Proteins (Ch. 3-5)
A. Amino Acids
B. Peptide Bond
C. Protein Structure and Function
II. The Role of Enzymes in Biochemical Processes (Ch. 7-9)
A. Regulation of Enzymes
B. Catalytic Properties of Enzymes
C. Enzyme-Substrate Interactions
D. The Active Site of an Enzyme
E. Enzyme Kinetics (Michaelis-Menten)
F. Enzyme Inhibition Mechanisms
G. Enzyme Regulation
III. The Metabolism of Carbohydrates (Ch. 14)
A. Glycolysis (Ch. 18)
B. Gluconeogenesis (Ch. 20)
C. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Ch. 17)
D. Electron Transport Chain & Ox. Phos. (Ch. 13)
IV. Storage and Retrieval of Glucose (Ch. 19)
A. Glycogen Formation
B. Glycogen Metabolism
V. The Metabolism of Lipids (Ch. 15, 22, 25)
A. Lipids as an Energy Source and Energy Storage
1. Nomenclature
2. Cell Membranes
B. Mobilization of Fatty Acids
C. Fate of Glycerol
D. -Oxidation
1. Saturated Fatty Acids
2. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
E. Diabetes Mellitus
VI. Metabolism of Amino Acids (Ch. 28-30)
A. Essential versus Non-essential Amino Acids
B. Metabolic Fate of Amino Acids
C. Pyridoxal Phosphate
D. Urea Cycle
E. Utilization of Amino Acids for the Synthesis of Other Biomolecules
1. Neurotransmitters
a. Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine,
Serotonin, GABA
-
b. Phenylketouria
2. Autocoids and Hormones
a. Histamine, Thyroxin, Epinephrine
3. Creatine, Phosphocreatine, Creatinine
4. Heme, Bilirubin, Jaundice
VII. One Carbon Transfers (Ch. 30)
A. Tetrahydrofolic Acid and One-Carbon Unit Transfers.
B. Folic Acid Pathway
C. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and Methyl Group Transfers.
D. The Active Methyl Cycle.
VIII. Biosynthesis & Metabolism of Nucleotides and Nucleosides (Ch. 32-33)
A. De Novo Synthesis
1. Pyrimidine Nucleotides
2. Purine Nucleotides
B. Salvage Pathway
1. Pyrimidines
2. Purines
3. Metabolic Defects in Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
4. Targets for Chemotherapeutic Intervention
IX. Vitamins, Cofactors for Metabolism (Ch. 44 and Handout)
A. Water Soluble Vitamins
1. The B Complex Vitamins
2. Vitamin C
B. Fat Soluble Vitamins
Note: The course syllabus is a general plan for the course; deviations announced to the
class by the instructor may be necessary.
-
o-
o-
o-
o O
M
to
O=
O o
l O
-O
J-
O-
O-
O X
I
I
I
0
=0
o
tit
tO o
o
0=0 o
x-
o I
I 0=
0 o
0>
2
O-
O-
O-
O-
O +
I I
I I
X M
IO
N>
K>
I 0
=0
o
I
\\ l O
-O
-O
0=
0 O
l O
-O
-O
X
XX
0
=0
o
l 0
-0
X
X
0
I 0=
0
I I
\ l p
z
-0
-0
-0
-0
//
I I
X I
X X
10
+
\\ l + 0
0
0
-0
o
1 0=
0 o
X w
o l -
o X
I 0
=0
o
o
o
0=
0
o
z W
M O
-O
-O
0=
0 o
l co
-0-0
to
0=
0 o
XX
IO
I 0=
0
-
redu
ctio
n
oxid
atio
n
OH
OH
FAD
FADH
2
00
HO
OH
H2N
redu
cUon
oxid
atio
n
HQ
vv
H2
N
OH
I o
NAD*
NA
DH
-
ATP
ADP
hexo
kina
se
OH Gl
ucos
c-6-
phos
phal
e
O II O
-P
-
phos
phog
luco
se is
omei
ase
.OH
'OH
ATP
ADP
I Fr
ucto
sc-6
-pho
spha
te
6-ph
osph
ofru
cto-
1 -ki
nasc
O O-
R
OH fn
icto
se-1
,6-b
ipho
spha
le (F
BP)
Prim
ing s
tage
o-p-
o.
.O-P
-O O
R H
O-
OH
fruc
tose
-1.6
-bip
hosp
hale
(F
BP)
hcmi
keta
l fur
anos
e for
m
Clea
vage
Stag
e
Glyc
etal
dehy
de 3-
phos
phai
c (G
AP)
I
GAP
Dehy
drog
cnas
e OH
O O-
P-O 6 Gl
ycer
alde
hyde
3-ph
osph
ale (G
AP)
Ott
-O
P-0
Phos
phog
lyce
rale
ki
nase
\
NAD+
NA
DH
o 1,
3-Bi
phos
phog
lyce
ratc
(1
.3-B
GA)
ADP
ATP
-0
-IO
H O
3-ph
osph
ogly
cera
le (3
-PGA
)
Phos
phog
lycc
ratc
Mu
tase
Ener
gy Pr
oduc
tion
stag
e
X
0-
O
1 OH
O 2-
phos
phog
lyce
rate
(2
-PGA
) eno
lase
H20
~-c-o
. ""in
, L-
Laci
ale
Laci
ale d
ehyd
roge
nase
h CH, Py
niva
te
*C-O- I
NAD+
NA
DH
Pymv
ate
Kina
se
ATP
ADP
Phosph
ocnolp
yruvat
e (P
EP)
-
-10-
Galactose Metabolism CHjOH
OH -O H ATP ADP CHjOH
H OH
Galactose
Galactokinase oh h
0POjJ
H OH Galactose-1 -phosphate
CHjOH
OH
CH2OH
UDP-Glucose
OH H
| H OH
UDP-Galaetose
OPOjJ Galactose-1-phosephate CH0H Uridyl Transferase H oh
Galactose-1 -phosphate
OPOj3
CHjOH
OH
Glucose-1 -phosphate
CHjOH
OH H
0. H
UOP UDP-Galactose 4-Epimerase OH
H OH
UDP-Galactose
UDP
H oh
UDP-Glucose
CHjOPOj'
Phosphoglucomutase OPO,J
OH H
OH
H OH
Glucose-1 -phosphate
OH
H OH
Glucose-6-phosphate
-
Fructose Metabolism
CH2OH CH2OH ATP HO
CH2OH CH2OPO3 -2
OH Fructokinase
HO
OH
OH Fructose
OH
Fructose-1 -phosphate
CH2OH CH2OPO3-2
HO.
OH Fructose-1 -phosphate Aldolase
-opo,-2
:O
OH
CHO
OH
CH2OH
OH
Fructose-1 -phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde
CHO ATP ADP
-OH
CHO
CH2OH Triose Kinase -OH
-OPO,"2
Glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate
-
COj
NADH
Dihy
drol
ipoy
l Deh
ydro
geiu
se
NAD*
TPP=
thim
ninc
pyro
phos
plul
c Li
ps L
tpoa
miJe
Co
A-SH
= C
ocru
ymc
A
Acet
yl C
oA's
abili
ty to
ente
r the
TCA
cycl
e de
pend
s on
the c
once
ntra
tion
and
availa
bility
of Ox
aloa
ceta
te. Wh
en ca
rboh
yrat
es in
take
is lo
w, as
in fa
sting
or sta
rvatio
n, or
impr
oper
ly ut
ilized
as in
Diab
etes
. Ox
aloa
ceta
te is
unav
aila
ble t
o mak
e th
e cyc
le run
. Ace
tyl C
oA u
nder
goes
anot
her f
ate
COO"
NADH
Mala
te De
hydr
ogen
ase
FADH
2
N3 I
coo-' S
ucdn
yl C
oA S
ynth
etas
e | CH
2 H
IH
GTP
-C-S
CoA
Succ
inyl
CoA
COO"
CH2 H
JH O
:=
C CO
O" a-
Kelo
gluu
rale
a-
Keto
glul
arat
e Deh
ydro
gena
se
CO2 NA
DH
-
Elec
tron
Tran
spor
t Cha
in
NADH
-CoE
nzym
e Q
CoEn
zyme
Q -
Cyt
C Re
duct
ase
Redu
ctas
e N
AD
H
NADH
Fatt
y Acy
l Co
A De
hydr
ogen
ase (F
AD)
Cyto
chro
me C
Ox
idas
e
CytC
CytC
Gly c
erol
-3 -p
hosp
hate
De
hydr
ogen
ase (F
AD)
Succ
inyl
Deh
ydro
gena
se (F
AD)
H2O
-
Oxid
ativ
e Pho
spho
ryla
tion
Ma
trix
AT
P Sy
ntha
se
ADP
+ Pi
AT
P
Comp
lex
I Co
mple
x III
Co
mple
x IV
H+
H+
H+
IMS
HH
Cyto
sol
-
PHRM 3050 Fall 2014 Course PacketPHRM 3050 Syllabus 2014PHRM 3050 Fall 2013 Course PacketPHRM 3050 Syllabus 2013PHRM 3050 Fall 2012 Course PacketPHRM 3050 Syllabus 2012.pdfPHRM 3050 Fall 2012 Course PacketPHRM 3050 Syllabus 2012.pdfPHRM 3050 Fall 2012 Course PacketPHRM 3050 Syllabus 2012.pdfPHRM 3050 Fall 2011 Course PacketPHRM 3050 1.pdfPHRM 3050 2PHRM 3050 3PHRM 3050 4PHRM 3050 5
PHRM 3050 2011 Test 1PHRM 3050 2012 Test 1PHRM 3050 2011 Test 2PHRM 3050 2012 Test 2PHRM 3050 2011 Test 3PHRM 3050 2012 Test 3
PHRM 3050 2013 Test 1PHRM 3050 2013 Test 2PHRM 3050 2013 Test 3