PhrasesPhrases77thth Grade Grade

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Prepositional Phrases: Prepositional Phrases: Adjective and Adverb Adjective and Adverb

PhrasesPhrasesPages 404-409Pages 404-409

What is a Phrase?What is a Phrase?

A phrase is a group of related words A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of that is used as a single part of

speech and that does not contain speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.both a verb and its subject.

What is a clause?What is a clause?

A clause is a group of related words A clause is a group of related words that is used as a single part of that is used as a single part of

speech and that does contain both a speech and that does contain both a verb and its subject. verb and its subject.

Let’s see, are these Let’s see, are these phrases or clauses?phrases or clauses?

As soon as the bell ringsAs soon as the bell rings Around the beautiful, fragrant gardenAround the beautiful, fragrant garden That I really wantThat I really want Any student can joinAny student can join Thinking about tonight’s gameThinking about tonight’s game To run the marathonTo run the marathon Swimming the length of the poolSwimming the length of the pool

Let’s Try Some Let’s Try Some More!More!

when you knowwhen you know as they walked inas they walked in in the gardenin the garden is sleepingis sleeping how she how she

rememberedremembered

smiling brightly smiling brightly to the supermarketto the supermarket where the car iswhere the car is to laugh at myselfto laugh at myself if he says soif he says so

What is a Prepositional What is a Prepositional Phrase?Phrase?

A prepositional phrase includes a A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun, or a pronoun preposition, a noun, or a pronoun

calledcalled the object of the preposition the object of the preposition, , and any modifiers of that object.and any modifiers of that object.

There are 2 kinds of prepositional There are 2 kinds of prepositional phrases: phrases: adjective phrases and adjective phrases and

adverb phrasesadverb phrases

Prepositional Phrase Prepositional Phrase ExamplesExamples

The Seine River flows through Paris.The Seine River flows through Paris.

The car in front of us slide into an icy The car in front of us slide into an icy snowbank.snowbank.

During the stormy night, the black horse ran During the stormy night, the black horse ran off.off.

The dish is filled with raw carrots and celery.The dish is filled with raw carrots and celery.

What is an Adjective What is an Adjective Phrase?Phrase?

A prepositional phrase used as an A prepositional phrase used as an adjective is called an adjective phrase.adjective is called an adjective phrase.

ADJECTIVE: Rosa chose the ADJECTIVE: Rosa chose the blueblue one. one.

ADJECTIVE PHRASE: Rosa chose the one ADJECTIVE PHRASE: Rosa chose the one with blue stripeswith blue stripes..

Adjective PhrasesAdjective Phrases

• An adjective phrase An adjective phrase modifies a noun or a modifies a noun or a

pronoun.pronoun.

• Adjective phrases Adjective phrases generally come after generally come after

the words they modify the words they modify and answer the same and answer the same questions that single-questions that single-

work adjectives work adjectives answer:answer:

What What kind?kind?

Which Which one?one?

How How many?many?

How How much?much?

Adjective PhrasesAdjective Phrases

• The store The store is is open.open.

• We bought a CD We bought a CD

with the neon with the neon signsign

by Janet by Janet Jackson.Jackson.

What is an Adverb Phrase?What is an Adverb Phrase?

A prepositional phrase used as an A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is called an adverb phrase.adverb is called an adverb phrase.

ADVERB: The cavalry will reach the ADVERB: The cavalry will reach the fort fort soonsoon..

ADVERB PHRASE: The cavalry will ADVERB PHRASE: The cavalry will reach the fort reach the fort by noonby noon..

Adverb PhrasesAdverb Phrases

Adverb phrases answer the same Adverb phrases answer the same questions that single-word adverbs questions that single-word adverbs

answer:answer:

When?When? WhereWhere??

How?How? Why?Why?

How How often?often?

How How long?long?

To To what what

extentextent??

Adverb PhrasesAdverb Phrases

• We got our new puppyWe got our new puppy

• A puppy is always readyA puppy is always ready

• He barks loudly He barks loudly

at the animal at the animal shelter.shelter.

for a game.for a game.

for a puppy.for a puppy.

VerbalsVerbals&&

Verbal PhrasesVerbal Phrases

Pages 412-418Pages 412-418

What is a Verbal?What is a Verbal?

A verbal is a word that is formed from A verbal is a word that is formed from a verb but is used as a noun, an a verb but is used as a noun, an

adjective, or an adverb.adjective, or an adverb.

What is a Participle?What is a Participle?

A participle is a verb that can be used as an A participle is a verb that can be used as an adjective. There are present participles (-ing) and adjective. There are present participles (-ing) and

past participles (-d or –ed).past participles (-d or –ed).

PRESENTPRESENT Mr. Sanchez rescued threeMr. Sanchez rescued threepeople from the people from the burningburningbuilding.building.

PASTPAST Well Well trainedtrained, the soldier , the soldier successfully carried out successfully carried out

her mission.her mission.

What is a Participial Phrase?What is a Participial Phrase?

A participial phrase consists of a A participial phrase consists of a participle together with its modifiers participle together with its modifiers and complements. The entire phrase and complements. The entire phrase

is used as an adjective.is used as an adjective.

Participial Phrase ExamplesParticipial Phrase Examples

Stretching slowlyStretching slowly, the cat jumped , the cat jumped down from the windowsill.down from the windowsill.

The tornado The tornado predicted by the predicted by the meteorologistmeteorologist did not hit our area. did not hit our area.

Reading the assignmentReading the assignment, she took , she took notes carefully.notes carefully.

Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced ModifiersA participial phrase should be placed close to A participial phrase should be placed close to

the word it modifies. Otherwise, the phrase the word it modifies. Otherwise, the phrase may appear to modify another word, and the may appear to modify another word, and the

sentence may not make sense.sentence may not make sense.

MISPLACEDMISPLACED Hopping along the fence, I saw a Hopping along the fence, I saw a rabbit.rabbit.

CORRECTEDCORRECTED I saw a rabbit hopping along I saw a rabbit hopping along the the fence.fence.

BEWARE!BEWARE!

There are some past participles that There are some past participles that DO NOT end in –d or –ed. These are DO NOT end in –d or –ed. These are irregular past participles.irregular past participles. Examples – driven, frozen, broken, Examples – driven, frozen, broken,

swept, caught, rung, hungswept, caught, rung, hung The car The car driven by Uncle Cletus driven by Uncle Cletus belonged belonged

to Aunt Petunia.to Aunt Petunia. We skated on the We skated on the frozenfrozen pond. pond.

The InfinitiveThe Infinitive

An infinitive is a verb form that can be used An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

Most infinitives begin with to.Most infinitives begin with to.

NOUNNOUN To succeed is my goal.To succeed is my goal.ADJECTIVEADJECTIVE The place to meet The place to meet

tomorrow is tomorrow is the library.the library.ADVERBADVERB Tamara claims she was Tamara claims she was

born to born to surf.surf.

The Infinitive PhraseThe Infinitive Phrase

An infinitive phrase consists of an An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive together with its modifiers infinitive together with its modifiers and complements. The entire phrase and complements. The entire phrase may be used as a noun, an adjective, may be used as a noun, an adjective,

or an adverb.or an adverb.

Infinitive Phrase ExamplesInfinitive Phrase Examples

To be a good gymnastTo be a good gymnast takes hard takes hard work.work.

The first person The first person to fly over both the to fly over both the North Pole and the South PoleNorth Pole and the South Pole was was

Richard Byrd.Richard Byrd.

Are you ready Are you ready to go to the gym nowto go to the gym now??

BEWARE!BEWARE!

Don’t mistake an infinitive or Don’t mistake an infinitive or infinitive phrase for a prepositional infinitive phrase for a prepositional phrase starting with phrase starting with toto The boy next to the purpled-haired girl The boy next to the purpled-haired girl

went went to the stage to the stage for his award.for his award. The purple-haired girl had The purple-haired girl had to move her to move her

feet feet so he could get around her.so he could get around her.

Prepositional PhrasePrepositional Phrase

Infinitive PhraseInfinitive Phrase

Just so you know…Just so you know…

Sometimes an adverb will come Sometimes an adverb will come before the infinitive in the phrase. This before the infinitive in the phrase. This adverb is part of the infinitive phrase.adverb is part of the infinitive phrase. The child was told The child was told not to leave the not to leave the

playground area aloneplayground area alone.. The employee who stole merchandise The employee who stole merchandise

was ordered was ordered never to step foot in the never to step foot in the store againstore again..