Photosynthesis Biology Chapter 8. 8.1 Energy and Life Energy is the ability to do work What is work...
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Transcript of Photosynthesis Biology Chapter 8. 8.1 Energy and Life Energy is the ability to do work What is work...
![Page 1: Photosynthesis Biology Chapter 8. 8.1 Energy and Life Energy is the ability to do work What is work for cells? Plants, algae, and some bacteria use light.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062906/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a029c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PhotosynthesisBiology
Chapter 8
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8.1 Energy and Life• Energy is the ability to do work• What is work for cells?
• Plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy from the sun to produce food
• a. Autotrophs b. Heterotrophs
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Chemical Energy and ATP• Adenosine diphosphate, ADP• Adenosine triphosphate, ATP
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*ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source*When a cell has energy available, it can store small amounts of it by adding a phosphate group to ADP molecules, producing ATP*ATP is like a rechargeable battery
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• Because a cell can subtract the third phosphate group, it can release energy as needed
*bond breaks energy is released• ATP has enough energy to power
cellular activities like active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction
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• Most cells have only a small amount of ATP…
• One molecule of glucose stores more than 90x the chemical energy of 1 ATP
• Cells regenerate ATP from ADP by using the energy in foods like glucose
• How do plant cells make ATP and other molecules for long-term energy?
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Quick Check1. Organisms that make their own food are called A. autotrophs B. heterotrophs C. decomposers
2. How is energy released from ATP? A. A phosphate is added B. An adenine is added C. A phosphate is removed
3. Why do most cells contain only a small amount of ATP? …Cells do not need ATP for energy …ATP isn’t very good for long-term energy storage
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8.2 An Overview of Photosynthesis• Plants use the energy in sunlight to turn water
and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen.
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Some experiments to consider…• Jan van Helmont devised an
experiment to find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil
• Joseph Priestley placed a glass jar over a burning candle and watched as the flame went out. He put a live plant in the jar, and guess what happened?
• Jan Ingenhousz showed that the effect observed by Priestley occurred only when the plant was exposed to light
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Pigments of Photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll-green pigment in plants that absorbs blue-violet and red, and reflects green.
• Chlorophyll is present in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.
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The Structure of a Chloroplast• Light-dependent rxns. take place on the
thylakoid membrane.• Thylakoids are “pancake-like” structures.• The stacks are called grana.• The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma (the fluid the thylakoids float in).
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Making ATP using Light Energy• The energy from the sun is absorbed by
the chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane.
• NADP+ is an electron carrier that carries high energy electrons and two hydrogen ions turns into NADPH.
• The H+ ions are created when sunlight hits the thylakoid and water is split, creating free oxygen which is a waste product.
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Light Reactions (cont.)
• The NADPH carries the e- and the H+ ions to the membrane where the H+ ions are pumped inside the thylakoid. (see page 211)
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•The pressure of the H+ ions builds up, and the H+ ions are forced back out of the membrane through a structure called ATP synthase.
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Making ATP• As the H+ ions and
their energy move through the ATP synthase, the protein rotates and creates 3 ATPs for every turn.
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Light Dependent Reactions
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