Photosynthesis

• Objective–SWBAT Describe the process of

photosynthesis• Bellringer

–What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

Cell Energy:• Cells usable source of energy is called ATP• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate

• ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate

Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups

• All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy

• When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

• ATP is converted into ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups and releasing energy for cellular processes.

Choloroplast

• Thylakoids– Sack like photosynthetic membranes– Light reactions take place

Inside the Chloroplast

• Grana– Stack of thylakoids

Inside the Chloroplast

• Photosystems– Proteins in the thylakoid membrane which

organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters.

– Light collecting units of the chloroplast

Inside the Chloroplast

• Stroma– Region outside of the thylakoid membranes– Where dark reactions ( Calvin Cycle) takes place

Inside the Chloroplast

Chemistry Terms!

• Reactant: a substance that changes during a chemical reaction.

• Product: a substance produced during a chemical reaction.

• Electron: a negatively charged part of an atom. It is the smallest of the 3 subatomic particles (neutron, proton, electron)

• Transports high-energy electrons from the chlorophyll to other molecules on the Electron Transport Chain

• NADP+ is an electron carrier…that accepts the electron and makes NADPH

• NADPH is used to build various molecules such as glucose

Electron Carriers

• Occurs in the thylakoids

• Needs light to occur, water, ADP and NADP+

• Produces ATP and NADPH

• High-energy electrons move through the ETC and excite the pigments that are in the photosystems

Light Dependent Reaction

• Named after Melvin Calvin (American Scientist)

• Uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

• Does not require light to occur • Dark reaction cycle• Light-independent cycle

Calvin Cycle

• Diagram Reactants

Products

LightH2O CO2

O2

C6H12O6

Glucose

Chloroplast

LightDependent

Reaction

Calvin Cycle

NADP+ADP + P

ATPNADPH

Summary:• Light Dependent

Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH

• Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose

Light Reaction Process (occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast)

• 1. Light gets absorbed through the thylakoid membranes

• 2. Electrons get excited and move H+ down the Electron Transport Chain

• 3. NADPH and ATP (Energy) are made • 4. Oxygen is Made and released

Dark Reaction Process (Calvin Cycle)• Occurs in the Stroma• 5. NADPH and ATP are used to make glucose (C6H12O6)

Steps of Photosynthesis

• Shortage of Water– Plants in dry conditions (deserts) contain a waxy coating

on their leaves. Which helps to keep moisture in.• Temperature

– Temperature above or below the range of photosynthesis damage the enzymes which slows or stops the reaction from occurring

• Intensity of light – Increasing the light intensity will increase the rate of

photosynthesis

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis

Exit Ticket-Final 51. What are the products of the Light Reactions. (HINT:

THERE ARE THREE THINGS)

2. Which of these products are used during the Dark Reactions.

3. What is another name for the Dark Reactions.

4. What are the products of the Dark Reactions.

5.:In your own words explain to me why plant stems are green and not red. (Make sure to have complete sentences, use scientific language, should be more than just ONE sentence!)