Photonics Systems Roadmap 2005-2010 June 2005 Örjan Mattsson

Photonics systems roadmap www.isa.se 1

Photonics Systems Roadmap 2005-2010June 2005Örjan Mattsson


Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e, b

itra

texd

ista

nce Optical: 9 month

Storage 12 month

Silicon: 18 month(Moore’s Law)

Time to Double

Photonics Systems Earlier primarily technology driven


ASON?

DIG MUX

PROTECTION

ADM

DXC

OEDNG SDH

D/CWDM

OxcROADM

PDH 1980> SDH 1990> Next Gen 2000> 2010>

AutomaticSwitchedOpt. Ntwk

Point-to-Point Networking Datacentric Dynamic

SDHPDH

ASON?

Photonics Systems Hierarchies


General Trends

Data becoming the dominating traffic type Multiservice network based on IP Fast expansion of broadband subscribers The convergence between fixed and mobile The open network concept


2000Year

Volume

Voice 5%

DataInternet +70%

Non IP +30%

But revenues per bit are falling with 50% a yearBut revenues per bit are falling with 50% a year

Traffic type and yearly growthToday doubling in capacity every 18 months, earlier 5-10 years !


TRIPLE PLAY

MultiService Network

TRIPLE PLAY

MultiService Network

PSTNTELEPHONY

CATVTV

FIBER LANINTERNET

Internet,IP-TV Internet, VoIP IPTV, VoIP DSL Modem

Multiservice network all IP based, extending Internet access to Triple Play service

Strong competition between different access providers/operators as PTT (DSL), CATV (modem) and greenfielders (fiber, radio). DSL will run into speed problems.

PTT starts to support FTTx, Japan installs more fiber than ADSL. Korea next generation access 100 Mb/s FTTx. Verizon invests 10-20 BUSD in a coming 10-20 years period


The Converged Multiservice Broadband Network

DATADATADATADATA

IMAGEIMAGEIMAGEIMAGEVOICEVOICEVOICEVOICE

Multimedia Multimedia over IPover IP

IETF (Internet) IEEE (Ethernet, WLAN)

ITU-T (Telecom) DVB ( TV distr.)

Lack of common standards

Triple Play


Broadband Subscribers growthBroadband defined as more than ISDN and “ Always On”

Source: Point Topic,

2003 2004

ADSL 60 96

Cable 36 49

Fiber 2 3

Tot 100 150

Mlines

Broadband subscribers growth 50%, makes it the fastest growing in telecom sector

Traffic volume per subscriber have similar growth, i.e. doubling in total traffic Asia 43% share of broadband lines, America 29% and Europe 28% South Korea leading in penetration, 24,8 lines per 100 people, Sweden 14,4

lines corresponding to more than 30% of the households Fiber has significant contribution in, Italy, Sweden, Japan, South Korea, China


MULTI-SERVICE IPbased

MULTI-SERVICE IPbased

PSTNTELEPHONY

CATVTV

FIBER, WLANINTERNET

xDSLInternet

Cable ModemInternet

IP-telephony IPTV

MSTNMOBILE TELEPHONY

Mobile InternetDVB-H, DMB

Step 1: Common services and service platformsStep 2: Roaming with session continuity, always best connectedStep 2: Common core and metro aggregation ntwk, separate access

The Converged MultiserviceFixed and mobile Network


The Open Network – The Multi Operator Network

Service-providers

End Users

Det öppna nätetThe Open Network

All Service Providers can reach and be reached by all End Users


Application and Services in the Multiservice Broadband network

Private Sector Internet access, 10 Mb/s-> 100 Mb/s IP telephony, picture phone IP-TV and VoD, SDTV/ HDTV 5/20Mb/s Real time access to work environment Interactive games, 10 Mb/s + Public services

Enterprise Sector LAN interconnect, GbE and MbE ATM, connection oriented packet service VPN, Virtual Private Network layer1/ 2 / 3 Storage network, Ficon,Escon, Fiber Ch. SIP based communication VoIP, video,.. Video Conference QoS, N x Mb/s

Public Sector E-government services, QoS as triple play E- health, E-education VPN networks for public authorities Local Information channel Enterprise sector services

Network Services VPN tunnels IPv6, IP sec Peering Peer-to-peer ( file sharing) Nomadic access


Energy

monitoring

Video- konference

Alarme

Lock

Laundrybo

oking

Real Estate services

Ethernet

HDTVHome station

Set Top Box

100 Mb/s sym.

SM, MM,Cat5

O/E IP

TV

Computers

Telephone

InteractiveGaming

2x20 Mb/s

TV-channels +VoD services

TriplePlay

10-50 Mb/s

2x5 Mb/s

The broadband connected household


Metro/Regio-nal Network

Core Optical Network

Network Trends The future network will be based on IP/ packet aiming at

convergence and layer reduction, simplification and flexibility.

It is a multiservice network handling best effort traffic, QoS data and legacy services. Still open issues how to do it.

Ethernet, due to its low cost ,is migrating into public domain but lacks today carrier class transport properties

Next Gen Optical Products can handle both packet and TDM traffic and can interact with legacy equipment and network

Intelligence in the optical layer will allow remote network configuration. A common control plane with the IP layer will enable automated switched network ASON/ GMPLS

Optical transparency to reduce the need of O-E-O conversions

BroadbandAccess


Enter-priseAccess

Access network: Critical regarding capex as every cost is per subscriber but well defined from user and service perspective.

Metro access: Multiarchitecture challenge. Aggregation of all subscriber services with different QoS to multioperators and multiservices core network

Transport mainly handled by OED:s, sometimes CWDM is added.Core network: Architectural issues including interoperability in the metro core, where mainly

NG-SDH/ SDH and DWDM with (R)OADM are used. Technological challenges in the backbone network with ”fat” pipes of DWDM

and higher order SDH. Grooming and switching in OXC.

MetroAccess

Metro Access

ANENENAN

AN

BackboneCoreXC

MetroCore

XC Cross ConnectEN Edge NodeAN Access Node

ResidentialAccess

ResidentialAccessAN

DSL,CableFiber, Radio

OED

Simplified view of the fixed network


I P ( MPLS)

Ethernet ATM FR

Ethernet SDH Opto

Lambda

3

2

1

0.5

OSI layered network

Ethernet

GFP GFP

Ethernet

VC

STM OTN

ODUOH OH FEC

SDH (G 707) OTN ( G709)

IETF

ITU-TITU-T

Two important set of standards to more efficient handle data traffic

MPLS, label switching Circuit oriented packet switching Traffic engineering (protection,..) Traffic separation (VPN

tunnelling) Basis for GMPLS

GFP, Generic Framing Procedure Standard mapping of data into frames

OTN, Optical Transport Network New frame structure, parallel with SDH Direct mapping of data on wavelength


Switching and Transparency

2 3

GMPLS

1

2

3

1

4

OXC

Dynamic handling of network resources ITU-T has defined an architecture for ASON, Automatic Switched Optical network IETF has extended MPLS to GMPLS( Generalized)

and defined a common control for layer 3-1 incl. lambda

That way traffic engineering, layer optimization, protection switching can be handled over all layers

Dynamic handling of optical resources By introducing OXC and ROADM in the network remote

control of the optical layer can be achieved and if controlled by GMPLS extended to layer 2 and 3

Optical transparency means dynamic handling in the optical domain . By avoiding unnecessary O-E-O conversions substantial capex can be saved.

50-80% of Internet node traffic is typically pass-through


AON PON

P2P 1-f APON VDSL CAT5E ADSLEPON similar as P2P

PlanningInstallationActive eqtPassive eqt

Urban Areas

Fiber Access

FTTx where x can be H (home), B (basement), C (curb) or N (neighborhood)

Singel or multimode fiber, trend SM, one or two fibers

AON ( PtP) or PON (PtMP), Europe AON, US and Asia PON. PON lower cost, AON is more flexible

FTTx systems are today quite competitive in urban areas

Fixed radio access alternative in rural areas FWA, TDD and Wimax


FE/ GbE

STM 1-64

ETD

NG-SDHFE/ GbEE1 / E3

Escon,FiconSTM 1-4

Client side Server side

TDM MUXSwitch L2/ L3Circuit Emul.CWDM

Big family of products from simple media converters to boxes having integrated switching, routing and CWDM functionality

ETD, Ethernet Transport Devices Ethernet transport still an issue. No carrier class standard exist today,

proprietary OAM (Operation & Maintenance) ETD mainly used in metro aggregation and at enterprise premises

NG- SDH, Next generation SDH Use of GFP to map Ethernet into SDH frames Using all transport features of SDH, can interoperate with legacy SDH NG-SDH is used in Metro access and core networks, rings and mesh

Optical Edge Devices, OEDMulti-Service Provisioning Platform, MSPP


Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

DEMUX

(R)-OADM

Transponder

EDFA

FiberMUX DEMUX

MUX

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

DEMUX

(R)-OADM(R)-OADM

Transponder

EDFA

FiberMUX DEMUX

MUX

WDM First generation WDM was used for fiber ”multiplication” of SDH State of art long haul DWDM today is 80+80 (C+L band) channels, each 10 Gb/s i.e 1.6 Tb/s.

Repeater distance 400 km, regeneration 6000 km ! OTN standardization and lower transponder cost has opened up Metro applications where WDM

also can be used to separate services Two versions, DWDM (Dense) 80 channels and CWDM (Coarse) 8 ch

OADM OADM:s are used to create multinode networks, often ring based ROADM (reconfigurable) will be introduced in the future to achieve dynamic network, faster

provisioning and automated restoration

WDM system and (R)-OADM


OXC, Optical Cross Connect

AggrAggr

TRxTRx

SDHSDH

SDHSDH

EthEth

AggrAggr

Wavelength switching

SDH 155M switching

AggrAggr

TRxTRx

SDHSDH

SDHSDH

EthEth

AggrAggr

OOO

OEO

ROADM

Three different types of OXC exist, OOO, OEO and combined

OOO is an optical or electrical based switch fabrics performing wavelength switching

OEO is an electrical switch providing grooming and switching (STM 155) including ethernet mapping

OXC as network component is handling the bandwidth management, network and platform consolidation

By common control plane remotely controlled a dynamic network is established controlled by OXC. OOO will extend that to wavelength level

For smaller applications ROADM, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer, is used instead of OXC

Both OOO optical switch fabrics and ROADM are based on immature and expensive technologies but that will improve over the coming years


Optical Networking Market


Market Outlook and Trends

Photonics System Market finally has turned around, 15 % increase in 2004

but still conservative forecast for next 5 years. Compare with 30 BUSD in bubble year 2001!

Next generation products constitute 60% of the market and Metro access network is the fastest growing segment

OED:s 40 % of the market, the majority being NG-SDH OXC market share dropped to 5 % but will recover and take over DXC:s 10% ROADM:s will overtake the OADM market share of 20% the coming 5 years Metro WDM market share around 10%, growing with 15% per year Long haul DWDM market is about 10 % and quite flat

Access systems (data) Total market 2004 was 8 BUSD split between DSL, Cable modem, FTTx and access routers

and switches

+10% per year

2004 2010

Revenue

10BUSD


Components and Technology

Modules - Mechanically standardized Tx/Rx modules

up to 10 Gb/s direct pluggable - Tunable lasers not yet a mature technology

- OEIC in InGaAsP far away commercially

but integration is necessary for 100 Gb/s - VCEL lasers interesting due to better yield

but still a challenge for 1.3 and 1.55

Passive components - Fibergitter is established today as filter

technology for WDM. - Tunable filters for ROADM:s costly today,

will improve the coming years - Optical cross connect technologies as

MEMS and X-switches have reliability issues - Dispersion compensation is based on fiber

today but growing interest for gitter due to smaller dimension

Optical Amplifiers EDFA dominating type. Big inventories have

reduced development interest but now more focus on metro and access market

Raman amplifier has issues with safety etc EDWA potentially a very low cost device but

requires substantial development SOA, suffering from performance issues

Technology The overall issues with optical technology

are size,low integration, lack of memory and processing capability

Merits are speed, attenuation and sensitivity Photonic Crystals new area which can offer

high Q filters, negative refraction index ! Metallic Optics future potential for integrated

optics, even memory chips but long way to go


The Swedish position, Market

The ”IT for all” program 1999 initiated a massive fiber built out and creation of more than 200 public owned city networks

From a position as one of the leaders in broadband Sweden has lost some momentum but still high percentage of fiber access

Strong competition today between Telia (ADSL), B2, Cable TV operators and the city networks, totally 20 national and 59 regional operators

Lowest Internet access prices in Europe and a clear trend to offer triple play but market needs consolidation

Most city networks follow the open network concept, growing interest in other countries

Technology Distribution in Sweden

xDSL61%

Cable20%

Fiber/LAN18%

Other1%

Broadband Subscriptions in Sweden,

Q3 2004

TeliaSonera; 36%

B2/Bostream; 26%

Glocalnet; 3%

Spray (incl Tiscali); 4%

UPC; 7%

com hem; 12%

Tele2; 3%

Others; 9%


FTTH in EuropeConcentrated in 4 countries (Sweden, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands)

Source: IDATE


The Swedish position, industry Earlier strong position in photonics due to successful collaboration betweenEricsson, Telia , universities and institutes. Today much more fragmented picture

System vendors Ericsson, Own development in broadband

access but sourcing optical transport products. Ericsson strategy for convergence and BB growth?

Packet Front, Broadband access systems with provisioning for multiservice as key feature. Very fast growing, founders from B2 and Cisco

Transmode (Lumentis), D/CWDM systems, No. 2 worldwide CWDM. Metro WDM applications with built in OXC. Founders from Ericsson

Net insight.NG-SDH product based on DTM offering TDM multicasting. Strong in video transport. Founders from Ericsson and KTH

Wavium, OXC lambda switch based on electrical core with a powerful management system. Recently restructured, founders from Telia

Modules, components Zarlink, strong in VCEL Northligh active in

transmitters and EDFA and Proximion focusing on fiber gitter for dispersion compensation the only vendors with some size.

Examples on small start ups PhoXtal( diplexer and bistable ROADM switch), InvOpto (low power,small size optical links), Cernolux(T-OADM), Accilon (polari- and spectro meter) and Syntune (tunable lasers).

They need marketing support to reach the global market as no ” Ericsson” exists


The Swedish position, Research The Swedish research in Photonics is mainly concentrated to

three organizations, Acreo, KTH and Chalmers High international class in respective special areas but ongoing

struggle with financing

Acreo, research institute located in Kista, photonics and opticalnetworking, and in Hudiksvall, fiber research. Most of the research inPhotonics is done together with KTH in their JV KPRC (Kista Photonics Research Center).Acreo is operating the national test bed located in Hudiksvall (metro access) and in Stockholm (metro core) and a high speed link in between.The test bed with real test pilots is a meeting place for the different actorsas vendors, operators, service provider. It is part of three BB EU projects.

KTH and KPRC is strong in high speed modulators, laser technology,gratings, packaging and photonic crystals and quantum optics

Chalmers has its main focus in high speed modulation,polarization mode dispersion and lasers and work closely withits microtechnology lab.


Summary

Due to Internet the traffic volume is growing with almost doubling every year and at the same time price per bit is falling dramatically.

To meet this challenge operators are introducing ”next generation IP based network”, handling best effort, QoS data and legacy services.

It is supported by next generation photonics systems, optimized for data traffic and offering dynamic, optical transparency and switching

The number of broadband subscribers are growing with impressive 50% per year. Triple play i.e. convergence between tele, data and media will increase access speed and support fiber access built

Sweden is a mature IT nation willing to explore the broadband society. We have still competence in photonics, both system and research and maybe the rapid growth in the broadband sector and the convergence between fixed and mobile can improve the situation and create a new interest for broadband and photonics. The market has just started!

Photonics Systems Roadmap 2005-2010 June 2005 Örjan Mattsson

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