PHOTOMAP - ELTE
1
280° 300° 320° 340° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 200° 220° 240° 260° 140° 160° 180° 120° 100° 40° 0° 20° 60° 80° 80° 60° 40° 20° 20° 40° 60° 80° 80° 60° 40° 20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 80° 60° 40° 20° 20° 40° 60° 80° 80° 60° 40° 20° S S N N O l y m p u s M o n s V a s t i t a s B o r e a l i s A r c a d i a P l a n i t i a A m a z o n P l a n i t i a Lucus Pla n u m T e m p e T e r r a L u n a e P l a n u m X a n t h e T e r r a C h r y s e P l a n i t i a A c i d a l i a P l a n i t i a A r ab i a T e r r a E l y s i u m P l a n i t i a I s i d i s P l a n i t i a I s i d i s P l a n i t i a T h a r s i s M o n t e s Da e d a l i a P l a n u m T e r r a S i r e n u m I c ar i a P l a n u m S y ria P l a n u m Sin ai P l a n u m Solis Planu m V A L L E S M A R I N E R I S Thaumasia Planu m Bosporos Plan u m A o n i a T e r r a A r g y r e P l a n i t i a N o a c h i s T e r r a S a b a T e r r a S y r t i s M a j o r P l a n u m T e r r a T y r r h e n a H e s p e r i a P l a n u m P r o m e t h e i T e r r a C i m m e r i a T e r r a Planu m A u st r a l e Prometh ei P l . Parva Pla n u m P l a n u m B o r e u m S i s y p h i T e r r a He l l a s P l a n i t i a 21287 Ascraeus M ons 18229 Pavonis Mons 14057 Arsia Mons 17780 Biblis Patera Ulysses Patera Gordii D orsu m Uranius Pater a Tharsis Tholu s 4600 Uranius Tholus 4700 Ceraunius Tholus 8000 8 7 0 0 Alba Pater a 6700 A l b a F o s s a e Tantalus Fossa e N o c t i s L a b y r i n t h u s C l a r i t a s F o s s a e M e m n o n i a F o s s a e S i r e n e u m F o s s a e NEWTON C OPERNICU S · Charlier · S uess · S to n e y Gorgonum Chaos –3500 N e r e i d u m M o n t e s C h a r i t u m M o n t e s · P hillip s · Du Toit · Joly · Dana · M c M u r d o · L y e ll · S o u t h · M ain · Michel · Gilbert · B arn ar d · H olm es · Vishniac · Galle · Green Wegener · · Darwin · Lohse · Hartwig · Roddenberry · Vogel · Shatskiy · Novara · Peta · Cartago · Lorika · N o m a · Ostrov · Foros · Mena · Arkhangelsky · Helmholz · Wirtz · Maraldi · Fontana · Bozkir · Hooke Holden · · Schmidt Frigores Cavi Angusti Cavi · v o n K ár m á n · Eger · H alle y · Babakin · Lassel · Ibragim ov · Ritchey · Bunge · Hale · Bond · Jones · C h e k a l i n · K a s i m o v · Sumgin · D o u g la s s Silpher · LO W E L L U z b o i V a l l i s Nirgal Vallis S a m a r a V a lle s Eos Chasm a Capri Chasm a G anges Chasma Coprates Chasma C oprates Catena M elas Chasm a Ius Chasma H e b e s C h . K a s e i V a l l e s K a s ei V a ll e s M aja Vallis N a nedi Vallis Shalbatama Vallis · Mutch Orson Welles · Da Vinci · Perrotin · T iu V allis Ares Vallis A r e s V a l l i s Aram Chaos · Crommelin · McLaughin · Bequerel · Sklodowska Maggini · · Rutherford · Trouvelot · Radau · Marth · Gill · Pasteur Janssen · · Flammarion · Schöner · Baldet Peridier · Teisserenc de Bort · Fournier Jarry Desloges · Suzby · Kasabi · · Isil Schroeter · Verlaine · K unowski L Y O T Lomonosov Curie Cerulli A NTONIADI · Airy · Mädler Newcomb · Beer SCHIAPARELLI M e ri d ia n i P la n u m E v r o s V a l l i s · Pollack · Denning · Bouguer · Wislicenus · Le Verrier Bakhuysen · · Lambert · Flaugegues · Kaiser · Russell · Proctor · Rabe H e l l e s p o n t u s M o n t e s –8200 +MARS–2 1971† M a le a P l a n u m Patera Amphirites P r o m e t h e i R u p e s D a o - v . N i g e r V a l l i s H a r m a k h i s V . R e u ll V a l l i s R e u ll V a llis Tyrrhena Patera * * · Tikhov · Krishtofovich · Sebec G u n n is o n · · S e c c h i · H uxley · Heinlein · Byrd Jeans · · Weinbaum W ells · W a ll a c e · A rr h enius · A. Tolstoy · E r i d a nia S c o p u l u s Liais · Hutton · Burro u g h s · Eddie N e p e n thes Mensae A eolis M en sa e Gale Lasswitz Wien Knobel Albor Tholus Hecates Tholus Elysium M ons 3800 14126 4700 H r a d V a l l i s E l y s i um C h a sma M ie VIKIN G– 2 + 1 9 7 6 Milankovic · Korolev Stokes Tyndall Adams Lockyer Phlegra M ontes T artarus M o ntes O rc u s P a t e r a Cerberus Fossae Hibes M onte s Apollinaris Apollinaris Tholus Patera 3100 · Gusev · Molesworth · Martz · Cruls · Rossby · · Campbell · M endel · M agelhaens · Columbus P tolemaeus · · Li Fan H ipparchus · · Eudoxus · Pickering · Kuiper · Wright · N ansen · Millm an · Williams · Burton · M arca K ov al’ sky C o mas Sola · · Dejnev Liu Hsin · Bjerknes · Huggins T ycho Brahe · SPIRIT+ 2004 A l- Q a h i r a V a llis D r a v a V a l l e s Planum Chroniu m P O L A R L A N D E R + M ARS 1999† M e d u sae F ossa e M a n g a l a V a ll e s N icholson Pettit E re b u s M . A c h eron Fossa e Mareotis Fossae Tempe Fossae Fesenkov + VIKING–1 + PATHFINDER 1976 1997 M a r g a r i t i f e r T e r r a OPPORTUNITY + 2004 1974† + MARS–6 C y d o nia M ensae B o re ale C h a s m a D euteronilus Mensae Protonilus Mensae N ilo sy rtis M e n s a e H u o H s i n g V a l l i s N ili F o s s a e – 3 9 0 0 Nili Patera Meroe Patera 2300 L i b y a M . · Quenisset · Moreux Rudaux · · Luzin · Henry · Tikhonravov Dawes · HUYGENS CASSINI Indus Valli s Nakton g V a l l i s KEPLER HERSCHEL · Igal S a vich · · Du Matheray · Bak + BEAGLE–2 2003† Diacria Patera * L y c u s S u l c i O ly m p u s R u p e s Ulysses F o s s a e Gigas Sulci A g anip pe F o s s a · Poynting O udemans · Jovis Tholus * O l y m p ic a F o s s a e Tractus Catena Ceraunius Fossae AlbaCatena Acheron Catena A scuris Plan u m Perepelkin · Timoshenko · Sytinskaya · Sharanov · Chia N il o k e r a s S c o p u l u s L o b o V a l l i s Luna Mensa Bahram Vallis S acra M e n s a S a c r a F o s s a e L a b eatis Fossa EchusChasma O p h ir C h . C a n d o r C h . Tithoniae Catena Tithonium Chasm a Solis Dorsa J u v e n t a e C h . O p h i r P l a n u m A u rora e P l a n u m Aurorae Chaos Hydraotes Chaos Aureum Chaos Asrinoses Chaos Pyrrhae Chaos Margaritifer IaniChaos Chaos Simud Vallis · Marursky · Sagan · Galilaei · Timbuktu · Paks C h alco p oro s R u p e s Alpheus Colles C o r o n a e S c o p u l u s · Terby Niesten · · Schaeberle S c y l l a S c o p u l u s Charybdis Scopulu s Acidalia Colles Acidalia Mensa M a m e r s V a ll e s I s m e n i a e F o s s a e Coloe Fossae · Renaudot Nili Colles A u q a k u h - v . Nier H y b l a e u s F o s s a e E lysiu m F o s s a e S c a n d i a C o l l e s M a r t e V a l l i s Eum enides D o r s u m F o r t u n a F o s s a e Tiu Vallis M a w r t h V a ll is * * Amenthes Fossae H e p h a e s t u s F o s s a e G r a n i c u s V a ll e s Tartarus Colles R euyl de Vaucouleurs B oeddicker H adley · G raff · M üller · Ausonia M. Hadriaca Patera M o r p h e o s R u p e s C olles Ariadnes V ery · M ariner · · Bernard C obres · · C lark · D okuchaev · C h a m berlin · S te no · Smith H e a v yside · Lau · · Hus s e y · B rashear · R o ss · P o rter I caria Fossae Coracis Fossae Bosporos R u p es N e c t a r i s - F o s s a e O g y g i s R u p es L a d o n V . Fossa Ery thraea Argyre Rupes Argentea Planum · Agassiz Sisy p hi C a v i Sis y p h i M o n t e s A u s t r a l e M . P i t y u s a P a t e r a M a l e a P a t e r a P e n e u s P a t e r a Brevia Dorsum * * * * Mad Vallis Auxias Valles O e n o t r i a S c o p u l u s T h yles R u p e s U ly xis R u p e s · Richard s o n · R eyn old s · T ru m per Tempe Fossae Nilus C h a o s Mensa Tempe Nilokeras Mensae Maja V . Ganges Catena L ouros Valles Eos C h a o s Vinogradov Tisia Valles Oxia Colles B r a z o s V a l l e s Mosa Vallis P a r a n a V . H i m e r a V . L oire V a l l i s Arena C olle s Arnus Vallis Coronae M onte s Liris V alle s L o c r a s V a lle s C u s u s V a l l e s U t o p i a P l a n i t i a V a s t i t a s B o r e a l i s U t o p i a P l a n i t i a Zephiria Mensae M a ’ a d i m V a l l i s D u ri u s - v . Atlantis- Chaos Thaumasia Fossa e Dzigai V . P a ll a c o p a s V allis Doaus Vallis D a o V a llis H e ll a s M . E u r i p u s M o n s Tader Valle s O l y m p i a U n d a e H y p e r b o r e a e U n d a e P la n u m B o re u m Escorial Abalos Und a e P r o m e t h e i R u p e s H y p e r n o t i u s S c. Australe Chasma Osuga V. Her Desher Valli s Galaxias Fluctus Baphyras- kráterlánc Rubicon Valles Ravius Valles Tanaica M. Gandzani · Semeykin MARS Solar Distance: 206–249 million km Earth Distance: 54–401 million km Equatorial Radius: 3396.2 km Obliquity to orbit: 25°19’ (±10°) Orbital Period: 668.59 Mars Day (668.59 Sol) (=687 Earth Day) Rotational Period (1 sol): 24h:37m Gravity: 0.38 g Length of Equator: 21 300 km Surface Area: 144.2 million km 2 Atmosphere: 95% CO 2 ; 2,6% N 2 Pressure: 6 mbar [min: 0,7–Olym pus, max: 12–Hellas) 0. Longitude: Airy-0 crater Height Datum 3396 km radius Distance from Earth at Light speed : 03:02–22:19 min. Solar Distance: 589.2 W/m 2 Satellites: Phobos, Deimos M 1:320 000 000 1 cm = 320 km PHOTOMAP OF MARS Showing albedo features of the surface Lambert Transversal Equivalent Azimuthal Projection Published by Eötvös Loránd University Cosmic Materials Space Research Group, Budapest, Hungary http://planetologia.elte.hu Source: Viking Orbiter Map © Henrik Hargitai 2008 ISBN HU 978-963-463-969-5 MARS FACTS CLIMATE PHOTOMAP METEO DATA EÖTVÖS L. UNIVERSITY COSMIC MATERIALS SPACE RESEARCH GROUP BUDAPEST, HUNGARY K o n k o l y T h e g e M i k l ó s 1 8 7 7 S c h i a p a r e lli 1 8 8 8 F l a m m a rio n ’s m a p / H u n g a ria n 1 8 7 7 VIEW OF CHRYSE PLANITIA (Viking–1) VIEW OF UTOPIA PLANITIA (Viking–2) Lowest nighttime temperature [K] Highest daytime temperatures during one Mars year [K] Ls 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 350 Sol 1 61 126 193 257 317 371 421 468 514 562 612 668 1 61 126 193 257 317 371 421 468 514 562 612 668 Ls 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 350 During one Martian year measured at 0° longitude, various latituted. Source: MGS TES Jun 2000. - Apr. 2002. Temperature 56-sol months (1=Ls 270) Line refers to the max. extent of frost cover φ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 φ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 K 303 293 283 273 263 258 253 243 213 203 183 173 163 153 148 143 °C 30 20 10 0 -10 -15 -20 -30 -60 -70 -90 -100 -110 -120 -125 -130 Legend 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 60°N 56-sol months (1=Ls 270) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 30°N 56-sol months (1=Ls 270) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 0° 56-sol months (1=Ls 270) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3456 56-sol months (1=Ls 270) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 K 313 293 270 253 233 213 193 173 153 133 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3456 30°S 60°S Duststorm→ dailtime max. dailtime max. dailtime max. dailtime max. nighttime min. nighttime min. nighttime min. nighttime min. nighttime min. Duststorm→ Duststorm→ Duststorm→ 0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0° DAILY SOLAR ENERGY AT VARIOUS LATITUDES [Wh/sol·m 2 ] 0° 45° -45° 85° -85° 1400 1000 600 200 0 20 0 10 mb 0 mb 0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0° TEMPERATURE [C°] Viking–2, 47°N WIND SPEED [m/s] Viking–2, 47°N 2 2,5 SOLAR DISTANCE (million km) PRESSURE [mbar] Viking–2, 47°N -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 d a il y m i n . d a il y m a x . 0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0° 0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0° 0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0° dust storm season Southern CO 2 frost sublimated Southern CO 2 -frost precipitated SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER Change of seasons on Mars is expressed as Ls degrees (Solar Longitude: distance of the Sun from the first point of Aries). Seasonal changes are caused not only by the tilt of axis, but also by the Solar distance, which is a major factor because of the highly elliptical orbit of Mars. This plays a major role on the actual extent of the polar (frost) caps. Southern seasons are extreme: Summer is while Mars is close to to Sun (perihelion), Winter is while far from the Sun (aphelion). Northern seasons are less different: Winter is in perihelion. The basis (x axis) of the diagrams shown here is not Ls, but a 56-sol month. The southern Summer is the season for global dust storms. The almost always cloudless sky of Mars is pale pink in colour because of the dust. During the winter, CO 2 is precipitated as frost, even at 50° lat. By summer, this sublimates, adding to global atmospheric pressure and making strong winds. South North North North North
Transcript of PHOTOMAP - ELTE
280°
300°
320°
340°
0° 20° 40° 60° 80°200° 220°
240°
260°140° 160° 180°120°100°
40°
0°
20°
60°
80° 80°
60°
40°
20°
20°
40°
60°
80° 80°
60°
40°
20°
0°
20°
40°
60°
80° 80°
60°
40°
20°
20°
40°
60°
80° 80°
60°
40°
20°
S S
NN
Olympus Mons
V a s t i t a s B o r e a l i s
A r c a d i a P l a n i t i a
A m a zo n
P la n
i ti a
Lucus P
lanum
T e m p e T e rr a
Lun a
e
P la n
um
Xan t h e
Te r r a
C h r y s e P l a n i t i a
A c i d a l i a P l a n i t i a
A r a b i a T e r r a
E l y s i u m P l a n i t i a
Isidis
Plan
itia
Is id isPlanit i a
Tharsis
Montes
Daedalia Planum
T e r r a S i r e n u m
IcariaPlanum
Syria Planum
Sinai Planum
Solis Planum
V A L L E S M A R I N E R I S
Thaumasia
Planum
Bosporos
Planum
Ao n i a
T e r r a
A r g y re
P l a ni t i a
N o a c h i s T e r r a
S a b a T e r r a
S y r t i s
Ma j o r
P l a n um
Terra
Tyrrhena
Hesper ia Planum
Pr o
me t h
e iTe r r a
C i m m e r i a T e r r a
Planum AustralePromethei Pl.
Parva Planum
Planum Boreum
S isyphi Terra
H e l l a sP l a n i t i a
�� 21287
Ascraeus Mons
�� 18229
Pavonis Mons
�� 14057
Arsia Mons
�� 17780
Biblis Patera
Ulysses Patera
Gordii Dorsum
Uranius Patera
Tharsis Tholus
�� 4600
Uranius
Tholus4700 ��
Cerauniu
s Tholus8000 ��
8700 ��
AlbaPate
ra�� 670
0
AlbaFossae
Tantalus Fossae
Noctis
Labyr
inthus
Claritas
Fossae
M e m n o n ia F o
s sa e
S ir e
n eu m
F os s
a e
NEWTON
COPERNICUS
· Charlier
· Suess
· Stoney
Gorgonum Chaos
�� –3500Nere
idumMontes
CharitumMontes
· Phillips
· Du Toit
· Joly· Dana
· McMurdo
· Lyell
· South· Main
· Michel
· Gilbert
· Barnard
· Holmes
· Vishniac
· Galle · Green
Wegener ·
· Darwin
· Lohse
· Hartwig
· Roddenberry
· Vogel
· Shatskiy
· Novara
· Peta
· Cartago
· Lorika
·Noma· Ostrov
· Foros· Mena
· Arkhangelsky
· Helmholz
· Wirtz
· Maraldi
· Fontana
· Bozkir
· Hooke
Holden ·
· Schmidt
Frigores CaviAngusti Cavi
· von Kármán
· Eger
· Halley
· Babakin
· Lassel
· Ibragimov
· Ritchey
· Bunge· Hale
· Bond
· Jones
· Che
kalin
· Kasimov
· Sumgin
· Douglass
Silpher·
LOWELL
UzboiVallis
Nirgal Vallis
Samara Valles
EosChasm
a
Capri
Chasm
a
Ganges Chasma
Coprates ChasmaCoprates Catena
Melas Chasma
Ius Chasma
Hebes Ch.
Ka s
e iVa l
l es Kasei Valles
MajaVa
llis
NanediVallis
ShalbatamaVa
llis
· MutchOrson Welles ·
Da Vinci ·
Perrotin ·
Tiu VallisAres Vallis
Ares Vallis
AramChaos
· Crommelin
· McLaughin · Bequerel
· Sklodowska
Maggini ·
· Rutherford
· Trouvelot· Radau
· Marth· Gill
· Pasteur
Janssen ·
· Flammarion
· Schöner
· Baldet
Peridier
· Teisserenc de Bort
· Fournier
Jarry Desloges ·
Suzby ·Kasabi ·
· Isil
Schroeter
· Verlaine
·
Kunowski LYOT
Lomonosov
Curie
Cerulli
ANTONIADI
· Airy
· Mädler
Newcomb
· Beer
SCHIAPARELLIMeridiani P
lanum
Evros Vallis
· Pollack
· Denning· Bouguer· Wislicenus
· Le Verrier
Bakhuysen ·
· Lambert
· Flaugegues
· Kaiser
· Russell
· Proctor
· Rabe
Helle
spontus
Montes
�� –8200
+MARS–2
1971†
Malea Planum
Patera
Amphirites
Promethei R upes
Dao-v.
Niger
Vallis
Harm
akhis V.
Reull Vallis
ReullVa
llis
Tyrrhena
Patera*
*
· Tikhov
· Krishtofovich
· Sebec
Gu
nnison ·
· Secchi
· Huxl
ey · Heinlein · Byrd
Jeans ·· Weinbaum
Wells·
Wallace
·
Arrhenius ·
A. Tolstoy ·
Eridan
iaScopul
us
Liais ·
Hutton ·
Burroughs ·
EddieNepenthesMensae
Aeolis Mensae
Gale
LasswitzWien
Knobel
Albor Tholus
Hecates Tholus
Elysium Mons
�� 3800
�� 14126
�� 4700
Hrad
Vallis
ElysiumChasma
MieVIKING–2 +
1976
Milankovic
· Korolev
Stokes
Tyndall
Adams
Lockyer
PhlegraMontes
Tarta
rusMon
tes
Orcus
Patera
Cerberus Fossae
Hibes Montes
Apollinaris
Apollinaris Tholus
Patera�� 3100
· Gusev
· Molesworth
· Martz
· Cruls
· Rossby
·· Campbell
· Mendel
· Magelhaens
· Columbus
Ptolemaeus ·· Li Fan
Hipparchus · · Eudoxus
· Pickering
· Kuiper
· Wright
· Nansen· Millman
· Williams
· Burton
· Marca
Koval’sky
Comas Sola ·
· Dejnev
Liu Hsin
· Bjerknes
· Huggins
Tycho Brahe ·
SPIRIT+2004
Al-Qah
iraVa
llis
Drava Valles
Planum Chronium
POLAR LANDER
+ MARS1999†
Medusae Fossae
Mangala
Valles
Nicholson
Pettit
Erebus
M.Acheron Fossae
Mareoti
s Foss
ae
Tempe Fo
ssae
Fesenkov
+ VIKING–1 + PATHFINDER
1976
1997
M a r g a r i t i f e r T e r r a
OPPORTUNITY +2004
1974†+ MARS–6
Cydon
iaMensa
e
Borea
le Chasma
Deuteronil
usMensaeProtonilusMensae
NilosyrtisMensae
Huo Hsing
Vallis
Nili
Fossae
��–3900
Nili Patera
Meroe Patera�� 2300
Libya M.
· Quenisset
· Moreux
Rudaux ·
· Luzin
· Henry
· Tikhonravov
Dawes ·
HUYGENS
CASSINIIndus Vallis
Naktong Vallis
KEPLER
HERSCHEL
· Igal
Savich ·
· Du Matheray
· Bak
+ BEAGLE–22003†
Diacria P
atera*
Lycus Sulc
i
OlympusRu
pes
Ulysses Fossae
Gigas S
ulci
Aganippe
Fossa
· Poynting
Oudemans ·
Jovis Tholus*
Olympica
Fossae
Tractus Catena
Ceraunius Fossae
Alba Catena
AcheronCatena
Ascuris Planum
Perepelkin
· Timoshenko · Sytinskaya
· Sharanov
· Chia
Nilokeras Scopulu
s
Lob
o V
allis
LunaMensaBahramVallis
Sacra Mensa
SacraFo
ssae
Labeat
is Fossa
Echu
s Cha
sma
Ophir Ch.Candor Ch.Tithoniae Catena
Tithonium Chasma
Solis
Dorsa
Juventae
Ch.
Ophir Planum
Aurorae
Planum
Aurorae Chaos
HydraotesChaos
AureumChaos
AsrinosesChaos
PyrrhaeChaos
Margaritifer
Iani Chaos
Chaos
Simud
Vallis
· Marursky· Sagan
· Galilaei
· Timbuktu
· Paks
Chalcopo
ros R
upes
Alpheus Colles
CoronaeScopulus
· Terby
Niesten ·
· Schaeberle
Sc y
l la
Sc o
pu l
u sCh
arybdis S
copulus
Acidalia Colles
Acidalia Mensa
Mam
ers Valles
Ismeniae Fossae
Coloe Fossae· Renaudot
Nili Colles
Auq
akuh
-v.
Nier
Hyblaeus Fossae
Elysium Fossae
Scan
diaCo
lles
Marte V
allis
Eumenides D
orsum
FortunaFossae
TiuVa
llis
Maw
rth
Vallis
**A
menthes
Fossae
Hephaestus Fossae
Granicus Valles
Tartarus Colles
Reuyl
de VaucouleursBoeddicker
Hadley ·
Graff ·
Müller ·
AusoniaM.
Hadri
aca
Patera
Morpheos Rupes
CollesAriadnes
Very ·
Mariner ·
· Bernard
Cobres ·
· Clark
· Dokuchaev
· Chamberlin· Steno · SmithHeavyside·
Lau·
·
Huss
ey
· Brashear
· Ross
· Porter
Icaria
Fossae
Coracis Fossae
Bospo
ros R
upes
Nectaris-
Fossae
Ogygis Rupes
Ladon V.
Fossa
Erythraea
Argyre Rupes
Argentea Planum
· Agassiz
Sisyphi Ca
vi
SisyphiMontes
AustraleM.
Pityus
a Patera Malea
Patera
Peneu
s Patera
Brevia Dorsum
**
**
Mad Vallis
AuxiasValles
Oen
o t r i aSco pu l u s
Thyles Rupes
Ulyxis Rupes
· Richardson· Reynolds
· Trumper
TempeFos
sae
Nilus Chaos
MensaTempe
NilokerasMensae
Maja V.
Ganges Catena
Louros Valles
Eos Chaos
Vinogradov
TisiaValles
OxiaColles
Brazos V
alles
Mosa Vallis
Parana V.
Him
eraV.
Loire Vallis
Arena Colles
Arnus Vallis
Coronae M
ontes
Liris Valles
Locras Valles
Cusus Valles
U t o p i a P l a n i t i a
V a s t i t a s B o r e a l i s
U t o p i aP l a
n it i
a
Zephiria Mensae
Ma’adim
Vallis
Durius-v.
Atlantis-Chaos
Thaumasia
Fossa
eDzigai V.
Pallacopa
s Vall
is
Doaus Vallis
Dao Vallis
Hellas M.
Euripu
s Mons
Tader Valles
O l y m p i a U n d a e
H y p e r b o r e a e U n d a e
PlanumBoreum
Escorial
AbalosUndae
Prom
eth
ei Rupes
Hyp
erno
tius Sc.
Australe Chasma
Osuga V.
Her Desher Vallis
Galaxias Fluctus
Baphyras-
kráterlánc
Rubicon Valles
Ravius Valles Tanaica M.
Gandzan
i ·
Semeykin
MARS
Solar Distance: 206–249 million kmEarth Distance: 54–401 million kmEquatorial Radius: 3396.2 kmObliquity to orbit: 25°19’ (±10°)Orbital Period: 668.59 Mars Day(668.59 Sol) (=687 Earth Day)Rotational Period (1 sol): 24h:37mGravity: 0.38 gLength of Equator: 21 300 kmSurface Area: 144.2 million km2Atmosphere: 95% CO2; 2,6% N2Pressure: 6 mbar [min: 0,7–Olym pus,max: 12–Hellas)0. Longitude: Airy-0 craterHeight Datum 3396 km radiusDistance from Earth at Lightspeed : 03:02–22:19 min.Solar Distance: 589.2 W/m2Satellites: Phobos, Deimos
M 1:320 000 0001 cm = 320 km
PHOTOMAP OF MARSShowing albedo features of the surface
Lambert Transversal Equivalent Azimuthal Projection
Published by Eötvös Loránd UniversityCosmic Materials Space Research Group,
Budapest, Hungaryhttp://planetologia.elte.huSource: Viking Orbiter
Map © Henrik Hargitai 2008ISBN HU 978-963-463-969-5
MARS FACTS CLIMATE
P H O T O M A P
METEO DATA
EÖTVÖS L. UNIVERSITYCOSMIC MATERIALSSPACE RESEARCH GROUPBUDAPEST, HUNGARY
Konkoly
Thege
Miklós 1877
Schiaparel
li 1888
Flamm
arion’smap
/ Hungarian 1877
VIEW OF CHRYSE PLANITIA (Viking–1) VIEW OF UTOPIA PLANITIA (Viking–2)Lowest nighttime temperature [K] Highest daytime temperatures during one Mars year [K]
Ls 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 350
Sol 1 61 126 193 257 317 371 421 468 514 562 612 668 1 61 126 193 257 317 371 421 468 514 562 612 668
Ls 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 350During one Martian year measured at 0° longitude, various
latituted. Source: MGS TES Jun 2000. - Apr. 2002.
Temperature
56-sol months (1=Ls 270)
Line refers to the max. extent of frost coverφ
807060504030201001020304050607080
φ807060504030201001020304050607080
K303293283273263258253243213203183173163153148143
°C3020100
-10-15-20-30-60-70-90-100-110-120-125-130
Legend
40200
-20-40-60-80-100-120-140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
60°N
56-sol months (1=Ls 270)
40200
-20-40-60-80-100-120-140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
30°N
56-sol months (1=Ls 270)
40200
-20-40-60-80-100-120-140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
0°
56-sol months (1=Ls 270)
40200
-20-40-60-80-100-120-140 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6
56-sol months (1=Ls 270)
40200
-20-40-60-80-100-120-140
K3132932702532332131931731531337 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6
30°S 60°S
Duststorm→
dailtime max.dailtime max.
dailtime max.
dailtime m
ax.
nighttime min. nighttime min. nighttime min.nighttime min.nighttime min.
Duststorm→ Duststorm→ Duststorm→
0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0°
DAILY SOLAR ENERGY AT VARIOUS LATITUDES [Wh/sol·m2]
0°
45°-45°
85° -85°
1400
1000
600
200
0
20
0
10 mb
0 mb0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0°
TEMPERATURE [C°] Viking–2, 47°N
WIND SPEED [m/s] Viking–2, 47°N
2
2,5
SOLAR DISTANCE (million km)
PRESSURE [mbar] Viking–2, 47°N
-20-40-60-80-100-120
daily min.
daily max.
0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0°
0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0°
0° 90° 180° 270° Ls 0°
dust storm season
Southern CO2 frostsublimatedSouthern CO2-frostprecipitated
SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER
Change of seasons on Mars is expressed as Lsdegrees (Solar Longitude: distance of the Sun from thefirst point of Aries).Seasonal changes are caused not only by the tilt of axis,but also by the Solar distance, which is a major factorbecause of the highly elliptical orbit of Mars. This playsa major role on the actual extent of the polar (frost)caps. Southern seasons are extreme: Summer is whileMars is close to to Sun (perihelion), Winter is while farfrom the Sun (aphelion). Northern seasons are lessdifferent: Winter is in perihelion. The basis (x axis) ofthe diagrams shown here is not Ls, but a 56-sol month. The southern Summer is the season for global duststorms. The almost always cloudless sky of Mars is palepink in colour because of the dust. During the winter,CO2 is precipitated as frost, even at 50° lat. By summer,this sublimates, adding to global atmospheric pressureand making strong winds.
South
North North
North North
