Appendix J Photochemical Smog Assessment for the Proposed ...
Photochemical smog in Tokyo
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Photochemical smog in Tokyo 07M16209 Yu Nagano 07M16250 Yuko Yamamoto
Transcript of Photochemical smog in Tokyo
Photochemical smog in Tokyo
07M16209 Yu Nagano07M16250 Yuko Yamamoto
Contents
1.General information about photochemical smog
2.Current state of photochemical smog in Tokyo
3.Countermesures4.Proposals
What is photochemical smog?Photochemical smog: A noxious mixture of air pollutants
CarsFactories
NOx HCUltra Violent
SunChemical Reaction of sunlight
What is photochemical smog?Photochemical smog: A noxious mixture of air pollutants
CarsFactories
NOx HCUltra Violent
SunChemical Reaction of sunlight
Nitrogen oxidesTropospheric ozoneVOCsAldehydes
Symptomseye flickers, tearingthroat painheadachenausea（吐き気） etc.
Deterioration of rubbers and fabricsDamage of plants
Condition of high concentration
①Temperature ・Highest temperature is more than 25℃・Difference of temperature between the ground and 100 kilometers
above is more than 7℃
②Hours of daylight ・More than 2.5 hours between 9～15 o’clock
③Wind ・ Ingress of sea wind from Tokyo bay and Sagami bay・ Windlessness or light wind
④Distribution of atmospheric pressure・ Summer-type
Current state of photochemical smog in Tokyo
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
num
ber o
f day
s a
phot
oche
mic
al s
mog
war
ning
was
sou
nded
num
ber o
f day
s ph
otoc
hem
ical
oxi
dant
con
cent
ratio
n w
as
mor
e th
an 0
.12p
pm p
er o
ne o
bser
vatio
n po
int
photochemical smog warning
photochemical oxidant concentration
(光化
学スモッグ注
意報
発令
日数
)
(測定
局１局
あたりの
、光
化学
オキシダント濃
度が
0.12
mm
p以上
となった日数
)
東京都環境局より
rapid increase
1970.7.18
High economic growth period
40 high school students described eyes flickers and headache in Suginami in Tokyo.
VOCxNOx
increase
Tokyo determine that the cause is photochemical smog!!
Limit of emission of air pollutants about cars and factories
Decrease of photochemical smog
2000 Photochemical smog starts to increase again!!!Causes ・Increase of ultraviolet
・Influence of heat island in Tokyo・Ozone depletion
Current state of photochemical smog in Tokyo
photochemical smog warning
1970.7.18
High economic growth period
40 high school students described eyes flickers and headache in Suginami in Tokyo.
VOCxNOx
increase
Tokyo determine that the cause is photochemical smog!!
Limit of emission of air pollutants about cars and factories
Decrease of photochemical smog
2000 Photochemical smog starts to increase again!!!Causes ・Increase of ultraviolet
・Influence of heat island in Tokyo・Ozone depletion
Current state of photochemical smog in Tokyo
Photochemical oxidant
Nonmethane hydrocarbons
Nitrogen oxide
Countermeasures
Emission abatement of causative agents (NOx, HC, oxidant etc.)- Setting environmental standards- HC recovery at gas stations
Prevention of temperature rise- Greening- Reduction of greenhouse gases
Observation systems- Contamination prediction- Taking measures in emergency situation
• Sounding photochemical smog warning
Photochemical smog warning
People can get information easily on the website of Ministry of the Environment.
Photochemical smog warning in TokyoMail delivery serviceInformation service on the website
A mail is delivered to registrants when photochemical smog
warning is sounded.
Proposals
Promote the understanding of relationship between “Photochemical smog” and “ozone depletion”Emission abatement of causative agents should be more strictRefrain from driving a car where photochemical smog warning is sounded
