Phosphorus Chemistry in the Origin of...

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Phosphorus Chemistry in the Origin of LIfe Ma7hew Pasek Assistant Professor University of South Florida Terry Kee University of Leeds

Transcript of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Origin of...

Page 1: Phosphorus Chemistry in the Origin of LIfeconference.astro.ufl.edu/STARSTOLIFE/science_final/talks/...Hypothesis • Phosphorylaon on the early earth required meteoric phosphorus to

PhosphorusChemistryintheOriginofLIfe

Ma7hewPasekAssistantProfessor

UniversityofSouthFlorida

TerryKeeUniversityofLeeds

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DNA

WhyP?

•  Charged•  Capableofformingtwobridges

•  Achiral•  StableofrangeofredoxcondiHons

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Phosphorus&Biochemistry

Metabolic molecules (ATP)

Structure(phospholipids)

Limiting reagent for life!

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PhosphorusMineralogy

•  PhosphorusissynonymouswithPhosphates

•  ApaHte‐Ca5(PO4)3X

•  OxidaHonstateP5+•  Insoluble,inert•  ThisdominatesEarth’ssurfaceandmantle

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PhosphorylaHon

www.wrightsrockshop.com

www.wtsmith.com

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h7p://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ill/T886125A.gif

TheEarlyEarth

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Caveatswithminerals

•  MineralshaveevolvedoverHmeasearthenvironmenthaschanged(Hazenetal.2008)

?

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Name Formula

Beusite (Mn2+,Fe2+,Ca,Mg)3(PO4)2

Childrenite Fe2+AlPO4(OH)2·H2O

Chlorapatite Ca5(PO4)3Cl

Farringtonite Mg3(PO4)2

Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F

Galileiite Na(Fe2+,Mn2+)4(PO4)3

Graftonite (Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)3(PO4)2

Hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH

Johnsomervilleite Na2Ca(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)7(PO4)6

Merrillite Ca9NaMg(PO4)7

Monazite-Ce (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4

Sarcopside (Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2

Stanfieldite Ca4Mg5(PO4)6

Triplite (Mn2+,Fe2+)2PO4(F,OH)

Wagnerite Mg2PO4F

Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O

Whitlockite Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)

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Name Formula

Chlorapatite Ca5(PO4)3Cl

Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F

Hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH

Monazite-Ce (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4

Whitlockite Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)

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ACaseforSchreibersite

•  OriginofphosphorylatedbiomoleculesbestexampleofmineralsinprebioHcchemistry?

•  ReducedP:Fe2NiP•  Fe3P+H2OFe2++H2PO4

‐+H2

Seymchan meteorite (pallasite / IIE)

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P 2O64-

P 2O74-

PO43-

HPO32- With CH3COOH

AqueousCorrosionofPhosphidePowder(underAr)

PasekandLaure0a2005

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PRedoxstatesandinorganicspecies

PasekandLaure7a,Astrobiology2005

V.

BryantandKee2006Pechetal.2011

VI. Phosphine

PH3

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Hypothesis•  PhosphorylaHonontheearlyearthrequiredmeteoriHcphosphorustomakeprebioHcandearlybioHcmaterials– Corrosionofschreibersitegeneratespyrophosphite(Bryantetal.2013)

– PyrophosphiteisaphosphorylaHngagent(Bryantetal.PNASinreview)

– Schreibersiteimportantpartofearlyearth(Paseketal.PNASinreview)

– Schreibersitephosphorylatesorganics(Gulletal.,inprep)

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Pyrophosphitefrommeteorites

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Corrosionofschreibersiteinhydrothermalsystems

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GeneraHonofpyrophosphite

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PyrophosphiteinprebioHcchemistry

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TransiHonalSpecies

•  Varyingdegreesofstability,andofphosphorylaHngpower

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Schreibersiteontheearlyearth

•  Presenceofpyrophosphitedependentofpresenceofphosphiteonearlyearth

•  Wasitthere?

•  Whatwasitsorigin?

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DetecHngreducedP

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DetecHngreducedP

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SearchforreducedPRockLocality RockType Age(Ma)

CoucalFm.,Coonterunah,Australia Limestone(2samplesites)

3,520

“ Hydrothermalchert “

GoldmanMeadowsFm.,SouthPass,Wyoming

BandedIronFormaHon

2,870

CheshireFm.,Belingwe,Zimbabwe Carbonate 2,700

BrockmanIronFm.,HamersleyBasin,Australia

BandedIronFormaHon

2,500

MillboroFm.,CharlesTownWestVirginia,USA

Shale 400‐380

GreenRiverFm.,Kemmerer,Wyoming,USA

Shale 50

AvonParkFm.,CitrusCounty,Florida,USA Limestone 35

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•  MagneHte+calcite±dolomite•  Bothoutcropandcoresamplesanalyzed

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Analysis

No phosphite in rocks 2.9 Ga and younger

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Results

•  Phosphitepresentinextractat~30‐60%oftotalPextracted

•  CaHPO3about1000×moresolublethanCaHPO4underequal[Ca2+]

•  Archeanoceansmayhavecontained10‐3‐10‐4Mofphosphite

•  DominantPspeciesintheArcheanoceans?

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Whatisthesource?•  HighenergyorlowfO2arenecessary

•  Phosphiteisknownfrom:Ricepaddies(Tsubota1959),phosphidecorrosion(Mortonetal.2002,PasekandLaure7a2005),lightning(PasekandBlock2009),Geothermalfluids(Pechetal.2009,2011),eutrophiclakes(Hanetal.2012)

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Schreibersitephosphorylatesorganics

•  Noother“prebioHcphosphate”candothis

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Glycerol

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PrebioHcrelevance

•  Ifphosphitewasformedfromphosphides

•  ThisallowsnewprebioHcchemistry

•  Schreibersitereactswithorganicstomakeorganophosphates

•  EarliestsourceofPforlife?

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Conclusions

•  ArcheanphosphorusgeochemistryincludesredoxofP

•  Possiblesourceismeteorites

•  MayhaveencouragedphosphorylaHon+phosphonylaHon

•  A“philosopher’sstone”?

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Thanks

•  NASAExobiology&EvoluHonaryBiology,NASAEarlyCareerFellowship,NSFCCICenterforChemicalEvoluHon

•  RogerBuick,JelteHarnmeijer,ZacAtlas,MaheenGull,VirginiaPasek,JackieSampson,KrishnaFoster,DaveBryant,TerryKee,ThomOrlando,FacundoFernandez,ManshuiZhou


A protocluster in Orion: OMC-2 FIR 4 CHESS Key Programme ...conference.astro.ufl.edu/STARSTOLIFE/science_final/... · López-Sepulcre et al. (2013, submitted) Kama et al. (2013, submitted);

A protocluster in Orion: OMC-2 FIR 4 CHESS Key Programme ...conference.astro.ufl.edu/STARSTOLIFE/science_final/... · López-Sepulcre et al. (2013, submitted) Kama et al. (2013, submitted);

Tightening the Phosphorus Cycle through Phosphorus ...

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Phosphorus Sorption, Accumulation and Leaching · Introduction, 7 Background, 8 Phosphorus in agriculture and eutrophication, 8 Phosphorus in soil, 8 Phosphorus sorption and release,

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Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus ... · PDF fileEvaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus Relationships at the Plot and Watershed Scale David

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CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS

CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS

Chuck Hansen 3.7.13. Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) aka Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) Disolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) Particulate Phosphorus.

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EVALUATING SOIL PHOSPHORUS RETENTION AND ......Phosphorus Dynamics 101 • The majority of phosphorus in the landscape is stored in soils. • Phosphorus can bind with other elements

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Impact of different tree species on soil phosphorus ... · Keywords: Soil phosphorus bioavailability, organic phosphorus mineralisation, soil phosphorus fractionation, Pinus radiate,

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Removing phosphorus from drainage water the phosphorus removal structure

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Technical Data Sheet 3M Advanced Materials Division 3M ...€¦ · Layer Material Nickel phosphorus Nickel phosphorus Nickel phosphorus Nickel phosphorus Hard Particle Type Diamond

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Statistical Properties of Brown Dwarf Companions around ...conference.astro.ufl.edu/STARSTOLIFE/science_final/talks/ma_b.pdf · comparing with host stars of giant planets, suggesting

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PHOSPHORUS Chemistry - s3. · PDF fileChemistry Phosphorus PHOSPHORUS Background Ancient and highly weathered soils with very low levels of natural phosphorus (P) dominate much of

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PHOSPHORUS OVERVIEW

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Phosphorus for turfgrass · phosphorus too, which can be as large as the inorganic pool. dard for phosphorus is tested on five When the plant absorbs phosphorus, the phosphorus concentration

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Total Phosphorus

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Phosphorus - Kakhia

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Model 4—The Phosphorus Cycle - chsapbiology.com€¦  · Web viewof phosphorus. Pools are areas in which phosphorus resides and fluxes describe the movement of phosphorus from

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Equilibrium Phosphorus Concentrations and Phosphorus Forms ...

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Water chemistry: from collapsing cores to disksconference.astro.ufl.edu/STARSTOLIFE/science_final/... · Water questions Where is water formed in space and by which processes? Gas

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