Phnom Penh Hotel 25 March 2010 Organized by the Irrigation Service Centre Workshop: “Support to...
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Transcript of Phnom Penh Hotel 25 March 2010 Organized by the Irrigation Service Centre Workshop: “Support to...
Phnom Penh Hotel25 March 2010
Organized by the Irrigation Service Centre
Workshop: “Support to FWUC:
Reviews of Experiences and Strategies”
Funded by
By Long PisethWith inputs from Antoine Deligne
ISC Kompong ThomGRET
Encouraging membership in the Irrigation Scheme of ‘5 Kumpheak’
Geographical position of 5 Kumpheak irrigation system
Svay Tiep CommuneLvea Leu CommuneChamkar Leu District
Kompong Cham Province
Map of 5 Kumpheak irrigation schemein Lvea Leu commune
Main infrastructure
Reservoir Kbal Hong Chas
Main gate
Main canal
Basic information about 5 Kumpheak irrigation system
Built in 1972 under Pol Pot regime
Rehabilitated in 2000 by MoWRaM
FWUC established in 2003 by MoWRaM (for 2 communes together)
4 reservoirs, 5 main gates
Total command area: > 1000 Ha
Number of farmers: > 1000 families
Detailed assessment by ISC team
1. April 2009: first visit by ISC
2. July to August 2009: Detailed study about the scheme and the FWUC
-> Decision to work only in Lvea Commune for the use of 2 reservoirs: - Kbal Hong Chas reservoir for 3 villages, 261 ha and 243 farmers- Phum Bey reservoir for 3 villages, 231 Ha and 316 farmers
Results of the detailed assessmentOpportunities
The main gate and canal are in good condition
Some double cropping in the wet season (early wet season rice) on about 39 ha
The soil are quite fertile with yields from 2 to 4 tons per ha depending on practice
The price for rice is increasing
There is already a FWUC recognized by MoWRaM
The FWUC president wish to improve the system
The commune has the plan to rehabilitate some secondary canals
Identification of the field limits for each village
Reasons for FWUC low functioningConstraints
No water control structures for sharing water-> a lot of water is wasted during irrigation
The water source is insufficient to irrigate all the command area �់
Conflict and competition for water between upstream and downstream farmers
Limited knowledge about FWUC management
Field study of canals and structures
Proposal to set up 2 new Farmer Water User Groups
October 2009: the commune sign a contract with ISC to set up 2 FWUG in Lvea Leu Commune
December 2009 – March 2010: first service implementation
Village meetings during service implementation
Government policies regarding membership in FWUC
Circular No.1 (1999), objective: “To encourage farmers to receive ownership of operation and maintenance of irrigation systems”
Official FWUC statutes, article 5: “Farmers must apply for membership by apposing their thumb print.”
Prakas 306 (2000), Policy for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation System, Article 2.3.5:
“Farmers who want to use water for cropping must apply for membership in the FWUC and agree to pay the water fee fixed by the FWUC.”
-> The ISC policy to encourage membership is in line with government policies.
Main purposes for the membership registration and membership fee collection
1) To measure farmers’ motivation for participation in FWUC management
2) Provide authority and legitimacy to the FWUC for implementing decisions
3) Ensure that farmers are ready to collaborate in ISC service implementation
4) ISC own procedures require the payment of the service
-> The minimum level of participation = 67%
Other advantages of membership fee collection
Starting fund for the group functioning
Precise membership registration process
Encourage clear information towards the farmers
Allow the creation of a database with members (and non-members)
Clarify the rights of the members in the FWUG decision process
Difference between Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) and Membership
Fee (MF)
ISF payment is compulsory for all farmers (as long as they get water, members and non-members alike)
MF is paid according to the farmer own wish to participate (also paid by farmers who don’t get water yet)
ISF is collected annually or seasonally
MF is collected only at the creation of the FWUG or before election
ISF amount is fixed according to FWUG budget requirements (and/or farming incomes)
MF amount is fixed according to members capacity (and/or ISC service fee)
The MF can be used for which purpose?
1. To pay ISC service (1.5 million riels per FWUG)
2. Starting fund to cover FWUG functioning costs as:
Incentives for FWUG representatives and staffs Small maintenance and repairs Election costs Members assembly organization
3. To attract outside funding(the fund is a proof of the farmers commitment to manage their scheme on the long run)
Farmers are not empty handed when they ask for support
MF collection procedure
1. Form a Working Group (WG) for discussion and decision making (before committee election)
2. Fix the MF amount (in 5 komphheak: 15,000 riels / family)
3. Village meeting to explain the MF purpose and the collection process (by small groups of farmers)
4. MF collection by group
5. MF collection by individual family
6. MF collection results verification by WG
7. Public display of the members list and MF collected in each village for transparency
8. Each member receives a membership card
9. All the money is placed in a bank account
The result of MF collection in 5 Komphheak
497 members paid MF for a total of 559 landowners
89% of all landowners have paid MF
Total amount collected = 7,445,000 riels (~1800$)
Farmers have shown their satisfaction regarding this process
Rights and role of members
Elect their representatives in the FWUG committee
Discuss and validate the statutes and internal rules
Examine and validate the FWUG budget and activity plan
Decide priorities for repairs and constructions
Decide the cropping calendar and water sharing rules
Fix the ISF level and the ISF collection system
Rights of the non-members
No right to vote during election
No right to take part of decision during assemblies
But the non-members obligations are the same with members: To pay the ISF (on the condition they really get water)
To respect internal rules
But the motivation of the farmers to become members is not only to get
voting right The farmers want to engage in collective action
and to participate together with other villagers in the FWUC management
on the condition that:
They believe in the system functioning and that water will be sufficient.
They get real benefits from the irrigation system. They trust the committee and the financial
management. They make their own free choice to participate. Previous conflicts are solved.
Membership registration is just the first step:
Future services from ISC to support 5 Komphheak scheme
Support the FWUG representatives election processTrain the representatives on operation and
maintenanceOrganize the cropping & irrigation calendarDesign effective water management rulesSet up budget and financial proceduresOrganize ISF collectionEnsure rules enforcement and sanctionsRehabilitate and build new secondary infrastructuresExtend the irrigated area
Conclusion
The ISC believe that it is fundamental to involve the farmers in the decision making in the very first step of irrigation projects:-by asking them if they really want to manage the irrigation system or not, -and if they are ready to invest their own money in irrigation or not.
Let’s the farmers make their choices !
Thank you for your attention.
Long PisethCoordinator and O&M Technical AdvisorIrrigation Service CentreKompong ThomTel. 077 888 968E-mail: [email protected]