Philosophy/Darshana• Philo + Sophia

• Drish prekshane

• Why is it important for me? Abhyudaya, nishreyas

• Viveka - Satya, Jnana – 2 types

• Subject matter of Darshana

-Antarjnana (rishir darshanat)

-Prajnavaada

-Vaada – Vaade vaade jaayate tatwa bodah

- Vishleshana (Analysis)- iti jnana

- Samanvaya – Vipareeta jnana nirakarana

- Tarka (Deduction)-(neti neti)

- sankshepa – Shrotavyo mantavyo nidhidhyasitavyahNirdharita jnana

- Hetvabhasa(fallasy) - Rajju sarpa

- Virodabhasa – Seemingly Contradictory to commonsense but may be true

What do the 6 darshana deal with? Nyaya – Logic

Vaisheshika – Physical world

Sankhya – Cosmology Satya,Mukti

Yoga – Mind

P. Mimamsa – Karma

U. Mimamsa - Brahma

Nyaya(Gotama) Ni ayate iti nyaya

Knowledge – Valid(Prama), Invalid(Aprama)

Prama kaaranam pramanam

Pramanam – Evidence based

1. Pratyaksha – Indriyartha sannikarsha jnanam

2. Anumana - Inference

3. Upamana - Comparision

4. Agama/Shabda- Testimony

Vaisheshika(Kanaada) Visheshat vaisheshika

Padaarthas

Paramanu vaada

Padaarthas/Elements - 7-Dravya - 9

-Guna – Gandhavati prithvi

-Karma – Up, down, contract, expansion, general move

-Samanya – gotwa, manushyatwa

-Vishesha- Saasnadimatwam goh lakshanam

-Samavaya– separate but inseparable

-Abhava – non existence

Abhava

1. Pragbhava

2. Pradhwamsabhava

3. Anyonyabhava

4. Atyantabhava

9 Dravya Prithvi

Apa

Teja Sthula

Vaayu

Akasha

Kala

Dik Sukshma

Atma

Manas

God and rebirth according to NV (Cause) + (Agent) = (Effect)

Atma+Body+senses+mind = Ignorance/Bondages

Ignorance+Raaga+Dvesha=Paapa/punya=Birth/Death/Rebirth

Ignorance * Jnana

Jnana = Moksha

Samkhya(Kapila) Samyak khyati

Samkhyaat samkhya

Dualistic realism

Purusha and prakriti

Prakriti Ajaam ekam lohita shukla krishnaam

Panchabhutaas

Sense organs

Mortar organs

Tanmatras

Buddhi

Aham

Mana

Prakriti

Purusha

Satwa

Rajas Mahat tatwa

Tamas

Ahamkara tatwa Anatma

Pancha bhutas…..etc

Gist of samkhya Purusha + Prakriti = Creation/Bondage

Purusha – Prakriti = Liberation

Atma anatma jnana

Atma = Purusha

Anatma = Prakriti

Realism?

Sukha dukha mohatmakam jagat

• Numbers in samkhya – Astameti gabhastiman

Yoga Darshana Yuj samadhau/upaya/maarga

Found in Rig veda

Father of yoga?

Definitions of yoga – “Tasyaah brahmani samyogahyogah”

Anubandha chatushtaya:

Adhikari - Jignyasu, mumukshu

Vishaya – avantara bheda, upaya, phala

Sambandha- kartru-kartavya sambandha

Prayojana – kaivalya

P Mimamsa Meeyate anumeeyate iti mimamsa

Jaimini – 2500 Sutras split into 1000 adhikaranas

2 ways of interpretation – Prabhakara and Bhatta

Objective of mimamsa:

- To establish the authority of vedas

- Explain the meaning of vedas

- Vidhis of sacrifices in vedas

- Importance of karma kanda

- Attainment of heaven

Uttara mimamsa/Vedanta Badarayana

Shaaririka sutras/Brahma sutras

555 sutras divided in 4 padas.

Jaga nirupana

Jeeva nirupana

Brahma nirupana

Samanvaya with all the schools of thoughts

Jnana kanda - Realizing the truth of atma

Upasana kanda - Different types of meditation

Essence of all the darshanas.