Philosophical Origins of Independence

Enlightenment• An 18th century philosophical movement in

Europe that focused on:1. Rationalism & reason2. Secularism & applying science to religion3. The greatest good for the greatest number4. Tolerance of opposing views5. Freedom of thought & expression6. Education of the masses7. Written constitutions & due process

Enlightenment Examples• John Locke– Government owe power to contract with people not

divine right• Voltaire– I may not agree with what you have to say,

but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

• Montesquieu– separation of political powers ensured freedom &

liberty

Common Sense1. How does Common Sense differ from the

“Letters from a PA Farmer”?

2. What was it about America that made some people in 1776 so opposed to the system of monarchy?

-Interesting passages?

Common Sense“It is the good fortune of many to live distant from the scene of

present sorrow; the evil is not sufficiently brought to their doors to make them feel the precariousness with which all American property is possessed. But let our imaginations transport us a few moments to Boston; that seat of wretchedness will teach us wisdom, and instruct us forever to renounce a power in whom we can have no trust. The

inhabitants of that unfortunate city, who but a few months ago were in ease and affluence, have now no other alternative than to stay and

starve, or turn out to beg. Endangered by the fire of their friends if they continue within the city and plundered by the soldiery if they

leave it…”

Declaration of Independencehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg&feature=em-share_video_user

Organization:• Introduction• Main Political & Philosophical Ideas• Grievances• Assertion of Sovereignty

Established founding ideals of: Equality, Opportunity, Rights, Democracy, Liberty

DoI• Grievances – Annotate a few of:– economic interests– infringement of colonial self-government– violation of individual rights