Philosophers and Writers of the Greek Golden Age
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Transcript of Philosophers and Writers of the Greek Golden Age
Philosophers and Writers of the Greek Golden Age
CH 6 Section 2
Section 1 review
• What did the Greeks use to make their statues more lifelike?
• The Greeks used more ______ _______ than the Egyptians in their art
The Rise of Philosophy
• One of the Greeks greatest achievements was the development of Philosophy
• Philosophy- is the study of the basic questions of reality and human existence
• {Philosopher means “Lover of wisdom”}• The Greeks used philosophy to better
understand the world around them• {Early philosophers were called Cosmologists
because they studied the nature of the universe}
Philosophy continued…• According to Greek tradition the first philosopher
was Thales of Miletus• He and others like him wanted to understand the
universe• They set up formal rules of logic for
philosophical arguments• Democritus developed atomic theory by using
logic and mathematics• Atomic theory stated that everything is made up
of tiny bits of matter called atoms
Socrates
Bill and Ted’s Socrates
Socrates• One of the most important thinkers of the new
era• He taught that education was the key to
personal growth• {Socrates insisted that students think for
themselves}• He asked questions that forced students to test
their own values and ideas• Socrates way of teaching through questions
became known as the Socratic method• His questions often made public officials look
foolish
• He made many enemies who accused him of corrupting the youth
• He criticized democracy, saying unskilled people should not hold positions of power
• He was brought to trial by his enemies and did little to defend himself
• He was found guilty and executed• He was forced to drink a poison called hemlock
Plato• Later generations learned of Socrates writings
through Plato• He was a young aristocrat and one of Socrates
students• He founded the Academy a special school in
Athens for teaching philosophy• He wrote dialogues or imaginary conversations
between several people • These dealt with government, education, justice
and religion• Most featured Socrates teaching and asking
questions
Plato continued• {Plato believed that the soul and body were
separate but would reunite through reincarnation}
• {Plato also wanted a govt. ruled by an aristocracy or an intellectual upper class}
• The ideal rulers were philosophers not just the wealthy
Aristotle
• One of Plato's students at the academy• Aristotle founded his own school in Athens in
335 BC• He believed that every field of study needed to
be studied logically• He collected as many facts as possible and
organized them into systems• {Aristotle believed that logical study led to truth}• He investigated every field of study known to his
time• He analyzed Greek drama to understand what
made a good or bad play
Math Medicine and Science• The Greeks covered all fields of knowledge
including math and science • {Pythagoras was a philosopher that believed
the world could be explained through math}• He was best remembered for his theorem for the
right triangle
Natural Science• Greek philosophers did not specialize in any one
field of study which kept them from fully developing scientific knowledge until much later
• Aristotle laid the foundations of anatomy, botany, and zoology
• The Greeks, in contrast to the Egyptians, believed the natural world could be explained in terms of natural law
• They also held that rules that govern our universe could be identified, observed and defined
Greek Science
Hippocrates• Considered to be the founder of medical science• It is believed that Hippocrates wrote between 60
and 70 medical studies• He helped to collect medical knowledge in a
useable form• {His work sums up Greek science because it
bases treatment on reason not magic}• He thought that disease comes from natural
causes not a punishment from the gods• He taught that rest, fresh air, and proper diet
made the best cures
Herodotus• The Greeks became the first people to take the
writing of history seriously• Herodotus the first historian of the western world• He traveled to Babylonia, Phoenicia, and Egypt
and included his views of the countries and their people in his histories
• He was careful to note if he had seen something himself or someone had told him about it but did exaggerate at times
• He is often called the father of history
Greek Theater
Drama• These are plays containing action or conflict of
emotion• The Greeks wrote plays in poetic form• Male actors played the women's roles• A group of singers, called the chorus, described
the scene and commented on the action• Their theaters were carved into hillsides • The flat bottom of the Greek theater is known as
the Orchestra• Plays were often performed in connection with
religious festivals they would have competitions between playwrights
What theater looks like with people
Tragedies• This is when the main character struggles
against fate or events• Main characters are usually punished for
displaying Hubris• {Hubris is the sin of Pride}• Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, was called
the perfect example of tragedy by Aristotle• Euripides was a realist playwright• He questioned many of the old ideas and beliefs
and in his plays showed the pain and misery of war
Comedies
• These made fun of ideas and people• Comedies included both tragic and humorous
figures• Aristophanes was known for his wit and would
poke fun at Socrates for his theories about education
• Un like tragedies, the main characters usually solved their problem
Section Review
• What is another name for a lover of wisdom?
• What were lovers of wisdom originally known as?
• Who was Socrates student?
• Who believed that logical study led to truth?
• Another name for the sin of pride
Speaking of Comedies