Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1

8/11/2019 Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1

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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

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GENERAL ELECTRICAL PROTECTION AND GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS

Electrical Hazards

Lightning an electrical discharge which occurs between clouds and also

from cloud to earth.

Power contact / induction

Acoustic Shock results from abnormally high sound level, the physicaleffects of which may vary from minor discomfort to serious injury.

Electric Shock current through the body rather than voltage of the circuit

determines electric shock intensity. Voltage is significant only in so far as

it is one of the factors determining the magnitude of current.

The average resistance of a dry adult human body is approximately

1000 ohms. Wet or damaged skin reduces this figure and 1500

ohms is a conservative figure representing the body resistance for

safety calculations.

Ventricular fibrillation is likely to occur when a 60Hz rms current of

0.030 amperes and above passes through ones chest cavity.

Because of this, any circuit from which in excess of 30ma rms AC or

90ma DC can be drawn through a 1500 ohm resistor (45V RMS ACOR 135VDC) shall be classified as hazardous.

The potential difference at any time between any exposed structure

(Equipment cabinets, Housings, Supports, etc.) to ground (Floor,

Earth, etc.) or between any exposed structure within the reach of an

adult person (Approx. 1.5 meters) shall be no greater than 45 volts

rms AC or 135 volts DC.

The potential difference at any time between two points on the floor

or earth surface separated by a distance of one pace, or about one

meter, in the direction of maximum potential gradient shall be no

greater than 45 volts rms AC or 135 volts DC.


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GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLI ED SCIENCES


Protection Methods

Shielding it is the provision of a grounded electrical conducting material

located such that foreign potential will be intercepted and surge currents

diverted to ground with the least damage to plant equipment possible.

Voltage Limiting prevents development of hazardous potential

difference in communication plant by direct bonding, when permissible or

by use of surge arresters, discharge gaps, diodes, etc. which operate

under abnormal voltage condition.

Current Limiting and Interrupting current in a circuit can be kept from

rising above a predetermined value by the use of a fuse in series with acircuit. When current flows through a fuse for a specified time with a

magnitude greater than its rating, the fuse will interrupt the current.

Grounding and Bonding used to divert undesired currents before they

reach the equipment being protected and often are installed both at and

some distance away from the protected equipment.

Ground Resistance it is the resistance path of a ground connection

which includes the ground wire and its connection to ground

electrode. The ground electrode, the contact between the electrode

and the earth and the surrounding soil. This value should NEVER

EXCEED 5.0 OHMS FOR EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS, ANTENNA

TOWERS, AND ALL ALLIED INSTALLATIONS, AND 25 OHMS

FOR OUTSIDE PLANT TELEPHONE POLES AND MANHOLESAS WELL AS CUSTOMER PREMISES.

Made Ground it is an electrode buried in the ground for the purpose

of establishing a low resistance electrical contact with the earth.

Example: driven rods, driven pipes, buried plates, buried cones, or

other similar devices placed in the ground.

Methods and Materials

Lightning Rods is a metal strip or rod, usually of copper or similar

conductive material, designed to protect tall or isolated structures (such

as the roof of a building or the mast of a vessel) from lightning damage.

Fuses and Current Interrupting - a device used in electrical systems to

protect against excessive current.


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Surge Arresters these are normally open circuited devices and pass no

significant current at normal operating potentials.

Grounding and Bonding - provides certain level of safety to humans and

property in case of equipment damages.

Measurements

Ground Resistance Test Methods measurement procedures that is simple

and straight forward and the instruments are mostly direct reading.

Methods for Ground Resistance Measurements

Direct Method or two terminal test the simplest way to make anearth resistance test.

The fall of potential method or three terminal test

Voltmeter-Ammeter Method

Triangulation Method

Earth Resistivity it is the resistance of parallel faces of a one cubic

centimeter of soil. Expressed in ohm-centimeter.

Determining Good Electrode Location

Drive rods in various locations to such depths as may be required

and measure the resistances while the rods are being driven.

Measure the earth resistivity before driving ground rods then

calculate the number and length of rods required.

How to Improve Grounds

Lengthen the ground-electrode in the earth.

Use multiple rods.

Treat the soil when 1 & 2 are not feasible.

Maintenance and Inspection

Grounding system requirements from year to year can change

depending on the following factors:

A plant or facility can expand in size or change its operation and

such changes create different needs in the grounding system.

As more non-metallic pipes and conduits are installed underground,

such installation becomes less and less dependable as effective low-

resistance ground connections.

In many locations, the water table is gradually falling, and grounds

formerly effective may end up uneffective.


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Ground resistance shall be tested when installed and periodically

afterwards, at least once a year during the dry or non-rainy months and

ALL VALUES OBTAINED SHALL BE NO GREATER THAN THE RULE

REQUIRED. (See protection method).

All ground connections, be it solderless or soldered, shall be checked at

least once a year to be sure they are tight. Physical damage to ground

wires shall be checked at the same time and damages rectified or

damaged conductors replaced.

Do not test grounds during thunderstorm days.

Never take hold of two wires or a wire or rod or probe in such a way that

you complete a circuit through yourself.

Stray earth currents, accidental contacts or ground faults in the power

system may produce an undeterminable difference of potential between

two points, so use rubber gloves and handle ground wires under test as

if they are energized.

GENERAL STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS

Loading ZonesHeavy Loading Zone this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress

due to wind and dead weight for 240 kph wind velocity.

Medium Loading Zone - this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress

due to wind and dead weight for 200 kph wind velocity.

Light Loading Zone - this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due

to wind and dead weight for 160 kph wind velocity.


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POWER SOURCES

Storage Batteries and Chargers

Batteries should be located where temperatures range between 15.5 and

32.2 degrees Celsius (60 degrees and 90 degrees Fahrenheit). Higher

temperature will shorten battery life and lower temperature will decrease

the ampere-hour capacity and may damage the battery by freezing

especially when the batteries are in low state of charge.

Lead acid or similar gas emitting battery installations where the

aggregate power (ampere-hour rating, at the 8-hour rate to 1.75 volts percell multiplied by the battery voltage) exceeds 5 kilowatts shall be located

in a properly ventilated room separated from the equipment room or

location where people are staying.

Explosion resistant vents shall be provided for all lead acid or similar gas

emitting batteries above 10 ampere-hour capacity and ascertained by

periodic inspection that the vents are free from obstruction.

Ventilation of the battery room is very important especially during high

charging and discharging condition. Although the battery is fitted with an

explosion proof vent, an enclosed room could develop a sufficiently high

concentration of an explosive gaseous mixture which could be ignited by

sparks from adjacent electrical or electronic equipment as well as

accidental sparks or open flame introduced by personnel. All air moved

by ventilation in the battery room or area should be exhausted into theoutside atmosphere and should not be allowed to recirculate into other

confined areas.

Smoking and storing of inflammable materials is prohibited in battery

rooms and NO SMOKING signs should be posted in conspicuous

locations inside and before entering battery rooms.

Batteries, where the corrosive electrolyte maybe added in the field or

customer location, transported by air or boat shall be shipped dry

charged. They may be transported with electrolyte via land

transportation provided electrolyte leakage or spillage are contained with

its crate or carton and proper markers regarding handling precautions

are clearly marked on its crate or carton.

Batteries on racks shall be provided with earthquake bracings which hold

the sides of the batteries and prevent them from falling off the rack.For noise consideration, grounds may have to be separated as one of

the various possible means to help meet noise objectives and, in such


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case, the grounds may be insulated from each other except at the final

point of earth connection at the master ground bar or earth electrode.

Power cables are sized to limit the voltage drop due to resistance of the

cable and hole heating of the cables to a safe limit. The limits of

minimum voltage are critical to the operation of the equipment; therefore,

it is important that voltage drops in the cabling be carefully controlled.

Attempt should be made to limit the overall voltage drop from the battery

to the working equipment to a maximum of one volt. The final selection of

cable size should be generous since the calculation makes no allowance

for voltage drop due to items such as fuses, switches, etc.

Various battery voltage may be derived by connecting a number of cellsin series and in all cases the rule required is not violated. (See Electrical

Hazards).

Frames of battery chargers, battery enclosures if provided, and all

exposed metallic structures shall be bonded together and grounded,

meeting the required rule. (See Electrical Hazards).

Caustic soda or either acid neutralizing agents should be stored and

available in battery rooms for use in accidental electrolyte or acid

spillage.


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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Access a point of entry or a means of entry into a circuit

Accessible admitting close approach because not guarded

by locked doors, elevation or other effective

means.

Accessible par t a part so located that it can be contacted by a

person, either directly or by menas of a probe or

tool, or that is not recessed the required distance

behind an opening.

Accessories devices that perform a secondary or minor duty

as an adjunct or refinement to the primary or

major duty of a unit of equipment.

Acoustics the science of sound

Acoustic Shock the physical pain, dizzeness and sometimes

nausea caused by hearing a sudden very loud

sound. The threshold of pain is about 120 dBm.

Aging the change in properties of a material with time.

Air Gap a separating space between two magnetic

materials or conductors.

Alarm a visual or audible signal which alerts personnel

to the existence of an abnormal condition

Alive to have an electrical potential or charge different

from that of the earth.

Alpeth a type of telephone cable sheath featuring a

corrugated aluminium tape applied longitudinally

and a polyethelene jacket overall.


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American Wi re Gauge a scale of cross sectional measurement for non-

ferrous (copper, bronze, aluminium, etc.) wires

Ampere-Hour the quantity of electricity represented by a

current of one ampere that flows for one hour.

Anchor any device which holds something secure; a

device buried in the ground to which anchor rods

and guys are fastened.

Anhydr ous Antenna

dry; containing no water. A means for radiatingor receiving radio waves.

Appliance any device that uses or needs electricity or

usually an alectric current supply to perform a

certain function or operation; any equipment,

usually complete in itself, that transforms electric

energy into another form usually, visual, heat, or

motion at the point of utilization.

Arrester device which diverts high transient voltage to

ground and away from the equipment thus

protected; the voltage limiting portion of a

protector.

Ar rester Gas-Fi ll ed protector consisting of opposing spaced metal

electrodes within a sealed tube or enclosure filled

with gas such as neon or argon.

Assembly a grouping of components to accomplish a

particular function

Atmosphere, Explosive air holding in suspension dust, metal particles or

flammable gas in such proportions that may ignite

explosively


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Attachments all of the plant elements (cables, cross-arms,

brackets, etc) which are fastened to a supporting

structure such as a pole.

Audio pertaining to frequencies which can be heard by

the human ear.

Automatic describing the actions of a device or equipment

which are taken without human supervision in

response to certain pre-determined conditions.

Backbone the main system route, usually the route carrying

the majority of the traffic, and often the longest

series of cascaded hops.

Bandwith range of frequencies of a device, within which its

performance, in respect to some characteristics

conform to specified limits; the difference between

the upper and lower limits of the operating

frequency of the device.

Baseband band of frequencies occupied by the aggregate

of all the information signals used to modulate a

carrier.

Battery a group of two or more cells connected together

to furnish current by conversion of chemical,

thermal, solar or nuclear energy into electrical

energy.

Bond a low resistance electrical connection between

two cable sheaths, between two ground

connections or between similar parts of two

circuits.

Bus a conductor or group of conductors, that serve

as a common connection for two or more circuits.


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Cable assembly of insulated conductors into a

compact form which is covered by a flexible,

waterproof, protective covering.

Circuit the complete electrical path between terminals

over which telecommunications are provided.

Climbin g Space the vertical space reserved along the side of a

pole or tower to permit ready access for linemen

to equipment and conductors located thereon.

Conductor anything such as a wire or cable which is

suitable for the carrying of an electric current.

Communication transmitting and or receiving of information

signals, or messages between two or more points.

dB abbreviation for decibelwhich is one-tenth of a

bel. A unit expressing the ratio of two voltages,

currents or powers. It is equal to 20 times the

common logarithm of the ratio of the two voltages

or two currents and 10 times the common

logarithm of the ratio of the two powers.

Dropwire insulated wires, used to run a subscribers line

from the terminal on the pole to the protector at

the house or building.

Electronics the branch of science and technology which

deals with the control and utilization of electron

flow.

Electroni c Switchin g the selective interconnection of channels of

communication by means consisting essentially if

not entirely of electronic circuitry and circuit

elements.


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Explosion proof one that is designed and constructed to

withstand an explosion og a gas or vapour that

may occur within it or in its immediate vicinity and

to prevent the ignition of the gas or vapour

surrounding or within its enclosure.

Exposed Par t a part which can be inadvertently touched or

approached nearer than a safe distance.

Facility anything used or available for use in thefurnishing of communication service.

Facilities the elements used or available for use in the

furnishing of communication service, such as radio

facilities, outside plant facilities, indoor plant

facilities, etc.

Fault a physical condition that causes a device, a

component or a element to fail to perform in a

required manner.

Fault curr ent a current that flows from one conductor to

ground or to another conductor owing to any

abnormal connection (including an arc) between

the two.

Fl ame Proof apparatus so treated such that it will not

maintain a flame or will not be injured readily

when subjected to flame.

Fl ame Retarding property of materials or structures such that they

will not convey flame or continue to burn for longer

times than specified in the appropriate flame test.

Flashover a discharge through air, around or over the

surface of solid, liquid or other insulation, between

parts of different potential of polarity, produced by


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the application of voltage such that the breakdown

path becomes sufficiently ionized to maintain an

electric arc.

Fuse a device used for protection against excessive

currents. Consisting of a short length of fusible

metal strip which melts when the current through it

exceeds the rated amount for a definite time.

Ground a conducting connection, whether intentional or

accidental, by which an electric circuit orequipment is connected to earth, or to some

conducting body of relatively large extent that

serves in place of the earth.

Ground Bus a bus to which the grounds from individual

pieces of equipment are connected, and, that, in

turn, is connected to ground at one or more

points.

Ground Ring a configuration of grounding conductors arrange

around a structure such as building, tower footing,

tower guy anchor etc. normally connected to an

earth ground at one or more points.

Guy a tension member (of solid or stranded wires)

used to withstand an otherwise unbalanced force

on a pole or other overhead line structures.

Guy, Overhead a guy extending from a pole or structure or tree

and is sometimes called a span guy.

Guy, Anchor a guy which has its lower anchorage in the

earth.


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Guy Exposed a guy which has any part less than 2.5 meters

from the vertical plane of any electric power

conductor of more than 250 volts.

Guy in Proximi ty a guy which has any part within a vertical

distance of less than 2.5 meters from the level of

power conductors and a radial distance of less

than 1.8 meters from the surface of a wooden pole

or structure.

Guarded covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or

otherwise protected by means of suitable covers

or casings, barrier rails or screens, or platform to

remove the likelihood of dangerous contact with or

approach by persons or objects to a point of

danger.

Handhole an opening in an underground run or system

into which workers reach, but do not enter. A sub-

surface box having a cover flush with the ground.

Hazard any condition which imperils life, limb and

property.

Insulated separated from other conducting surfaces by a

dielectric substance or air space permanently

offering a high resistance to the passage of

current and to disruptive discharge through the

substance or space. When any object is said to be

insulated, it is understood to be insulated in

suitable manner for the conditions to which it is

subjected. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of

this code, uninsulated.

Join t Use occupancy of poles or structures by two or more

different entities by mutual agreement.


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Li ghtning Ar rester a device designed to protect apparatus from

high transient voltage, by diverting surge current

to ground and capable of repeating this function

as specified.

Li nes, Communi cation the channels or conductors and their supporting

or containing components or structures usually

located outdoors which are used for

transmission/reception of information/intelligence

in communication service (telephone, telegraph,

data telemetering, video, etc.).

L in es, Power the conductors and their supporting or

containing structures which are located outdoors

used for transmitting a supply of electrical energy.

Maintenance all of the work required to keep the plant,

circuits, lines, facilities, systems and services up

to standards. This includes testing, trouble

clearing, repairing, and replacing defective

elements.

Manhole a subsurface chamber, large enough for a

person to enter, in the route of one or moreconduit runs, and affording facilities for placing

and maintaining in the runs, conductors, cables

and any associated apparatus.

Manual operated by mechanical force, applied directly

by personal intervention.

Messenger stranded steel wires in a group which generally

is not a part of the conducting system, its primary

function being to support wires or cables of the

system.


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apparatus, circuit or system and responsible for

the safety precautions involved.

Radiant Energy any energy which radiated in the form of radio

waves, infrared (heat) waves, light waves, x-rays.

etc.

Radiate the spreading out of radiant energy

Rod, Ground a metallic rod, driven into the ground to provide

an electrical connection to the earth.

Rod, Li ghtning a metallic rod carried above the highest point of

a pole or structure and connected to earth by a

heavy copper conductor intended to carry

lightning currents directly to earth.

Reconstruction that work which in any way changes the identity

of the plant or station or portions thereof.

Service Drop the installation from the terminal on the pole to

the protector at the customerspremises.

Sag the maximum departure, measured vertically, of

a wire or cable in a given span from a straight line

between the two points of support of the span at

60 degrees celcius and no wind loading.

Span the horizontal distance between two adjacent

supporting points of a cable or wire.

Supply Circui t the branch circuit supplying electrical energy to

the equipment or appliance.

System, Electron ic a configuration or arrangement of one or more

electronic equipment producing the desired

performance.


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Telecommunication any transmission, emission or reception of signs,

signals, writings, images, sounds or intelligence of

any nature by wire, radio, visual or other

electromagnetic system or such other system that

may in the future become known or developed.

Tensile Strength the pulling stress required to break a material,

such as a wire, expressed in kilograms of stress

per cross-sectional area.

Tension mechanical stress caused by forces which tendto stretch or severe the material stressed.

Tension, Maximum one-half of the tensile strength for messengers

Allowable guys, etc. and one-forth of the tensile strength for

communication cables and wires.

Tower Displacement the horizontal displacement of a point on the

tower axis from its no-wind load position at that

elevation.

Tower Sway tower sway at any specified elevation shall be

defined as the angular displacement of a tangent

to the tower axis at the elevation from its no-wind

load position at that elevation.

Tower Twist the horizontal angular displacement of the tower

from its no-wind position at that elevation.

Underground describing communication facilities installed

below the surface of the earth.

Working Space the space extending laterally from the climbing

space, reserved for working below, above and

between conductor levels; the space surrounding

a device or equipment.


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1. An electrical discharge which occurs between clouds and also from cloudto earth.

A. ThunderB. Lightning

C. CoronaD. Aurora

2. Results from abnormally high sound level, the physical effects of which

may vary from minor discomfort to serious injury.

A. Electrical ShockB. Super SonicC. Acoustic Shock

D. Sonic Boom

3. The factor that determines the intensity of electric shock is

A. currentB. voltageC. resistance

D. conductance

4. The average resistance of a dry adult human body is approximately:

A. 10 000 ohmsB. 100 000 ohmsC. 1 000 ohmsD. 100 ohms

5. Ventricular fibrillation is likely to occur when a 60Hz rms current ofamperes and above passes through oneschest cavity.

A. 0.010

B. 0.11

C. 0.030D. 0.33


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6. The minimum voltage value that is considered hazardous is:

A. 45V RMS AC

B. 12V RMS ACC. 24V RMS ACD. 50V RMS AC

7. The minimum voltage value that is considered hazardous is:

A. 150V DC

B. 45V DCC. 135V DCD. 160V DC

8. The potential difference at any time between two points on the floor orearth surface separated by a distance of one pace, or about one meter,in the direction of maximum potential gradient shall be no greater than

_.

A. 45 volts rms AC or 135 volts DCB. 25 volts rms AC or 115 volts DCC. 15 volts rms AC or 105 volts DC

D. 55 volts rms AC or 145 volts DC

9. It is the provision of a grounded electrical conducting material located

such that foreign potential will be intercepted and surge currents divertedto ground with the least damage to plant equipment possible.

A. Grounding

B. ShieldingC. BondingD. current limiting

10. Prevents development of hazardous potential difference incommunication plant by direct bonding, when permissible or by use ofsurge arresters, discharge gaps, diodes, etc. which operate under

abnormal voltage condition.

A. Current limitingB. Resistance limiting

C. GroundingD. Voltage Limiting


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11. The current in a circuit can be kept from rising above a predeterminedvalue by the use of a fuse in series with a circuit.

A. Current limitingB. Resistance limitingC. Grounding

D. Voltage Limiting

12. This is used to divert undesired currents before they reach theequipment being protected and often are installed both at and somedistance away from the protected equipment.

A. Current limitingB. Resistance limitingC. Grounding

D. Voltage Limiting

13. It is the resistance path of a ground connection which includes theground wire and its connection to ground electrode.

A. Ground ResistanceB. Ground ElectrodeC. Ground PathD. Resistance Path

14. For equipment locations, antenna towers, and all allied installations, the

ground resistance must never exceed .

A. 25 ohms

B. 3 ohmsC. 43 ohms

D. 5 ohms

15. For outside plant telephone poles and manholes as well as customer

premises, the ground resistance must never exceed _ _.

A. 25 ohmsB. 3 ohms

C. 43 ohmsD. 5 ohms


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21. The simplest way to make an earth resistance test is to use:

A. Direct Method or two terminal test *B. Voltmeter-Ammeter MethodC. Triangulation Method

D. Three terminal test

22. It is the resistance of parallel faces of a one cubic centimeter of soilexpressed in ohm-centimeter.

A. Ground resistanceB. Earth ResistivityC. Cubic resistanceD. Earth density

23. The following are ways to improve grounds except:

A. Lengthen the ground-electrode in the earthB. Use multiple rods

C. Treat the soil when 1 & 2 are not feasibleD. Place stones near the rod

24. Ground resistance shall be tested when installed and periodicallyafterwards, at least during the dry or non-rainy months and ALL

VALUES OBTAINED SHALL BE NO GREATER THAN THE RULE

REQUIRED.

A. 3 times per year

B. twice as yearC. once a year

D. 12 times a year

25. All ground connections, be it solderless or soldered, shall be checked at

least to be sure they are tight.

A. 3 times per yearB. twice as year

C. once a yearD. 12 times a year


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26. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and deadweight for 240 kph wind velocity.

A. Heavy Loading ZoneB. Medium Loading ZoneC. Light Loading Zone

D. Extra Heavy Loading Zone

27. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and deadweight for 200 kph wind velocity.

A. Heavy Loading ZoneB. Medium Loading ZoneC. Light Loading ZoneD. Extra Heavy Loading Zone

28. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and dead

weight for 160 kph wind velocity.

A. Heavy Loading ZoneB. Medium Loading ZoneC. Light Loading Zone

D. Extra Heavy Loading Zone

29. Batteries should be located where temperatures range between

_degrees Celsius.

A. 12.5 and 25.2B. 15.5 and 32.2

C. 15.2 and 52.2D. 55.5 and 60.3

30. Lead acid or similar gas emitting battery installations where theaggregate power exceeds _ _5 kilowatts shall be located in aproperly ventilated room separated from the equipment room or locationwhere people are staying.

A. 5 kW

B. 10 kWC. 1 kW

D. 15 kW


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31. Smoking and storing of inflammable materials is prohibited in batteryrooms and NO SMOKINGsigns should be posted _.

A. inside the room onlyB. before entering battery roomsC. outside the room only

D. Both A and C

32. An acid neutralizing agentsuch as should be stored and availablein battery rooms for use in accidental electrolyte or acid spillage.

A. oilB. keroseneC. flourD. Caustic soda

33. A low resistance electrical connection between two cable sheaths,

between two ground connections or between similar parts of two circuits.

A. Bond

B. ShortC. Fuse

D. Guy

34. The vertical space reserved along the side of a pole or tower to permit

ready access for linemen to equipment and conductors located thereon.

A. StairwayB. Climbing Space

C. guyD. pole

35. Insulated wires, used to run a subscribers line from the terminal on thepole to the protector at the house or building.

A. main lineB. main cableC. dropline

D. dropwire


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36. A physical condition that causes a device, a component or a element tofail to perform in a required manner.

A. damagedB. hazardC. fault

D. short

37. A current that flows from one conductor to ground or to anotherconductor owing to any abnormal connection (including an arc) between

the two.A. Fault current

B. Dark currentC. Leakage currentD. Dead short

38. An apparatus so treated such that it will not maintain a flame or will not

be injured readily when subjected to flame.

A. Flame ProofB. Flame Retarding

C. Burn proofD. Anti Flame

39. A property of materials or structures such that they will not convey flame

or continue to burn for longer times than specified in the appropriateflame test.

A. Flame ProofB. Flame RetardingC. Burn proofD. Anti Flame

40. A discharge through air, around or over the surface of solid, liquid orother insulation, between parts of different potential of polarity, produced

by the application of voltage such that the breakdown path becomessufficiently ionized to maintain an electric arc.

A. AuroraB. CoronaC. Flashover

D. Arc


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41. A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which anelectric circuit or equipment is connected to earth, or to some conducting

body of relatively large extent that serves in place of the earth.

A. shortB. jumper

C. groundD. link

42. A tension member (of solid or stranded wires) used to withstand anotherwise unbalanced force on a pole or other overhead line structures.

A. BondB. ShortC. Fuse

D. Guy

43. A guy extending from a pole or structure or tree and is sometimes calleda span guy.

A. Overhead guyB. Anchor guyC. bla guyD. Guy post

44. An opening in an underground run or system into which workers reach,

but do not enter.

A. Manhole

B. RatholeC. Handhole

D. finger hole

45. A device designed to protect apparatus from high transient voltage, by

diverting surge current to ground and capable of repeating this functionas specified.

A. Lightning ball

B. Lightning ArresterC. FuseD. Lightning Protector


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46. A subsurface chamber, large enough for a person to enter, in the route of

one or more conduit runs, and affording facilities for placing andmaintaining in the runs, conductors, cables and any associatedapparatus.

A. Manhole

B. Rathole

C. HandholeD. finger hole

47. Stranded steel wires in a group which generally is not a part of theconducting system, its primary function being to support wires or cables

of the system.

A. guy

B. supportC. conduit

D. messenger

48. A general term applied to the whole or portion of the physical property ofa communication company which contributes to the furnishing ofcommunication service.

A. zoneB. area

C. plantD. division

49. A metallic rod, driven into the ground to provide an electrical connectionto the earth.

A. Lightning rod

B. Ground rodC. Drop groundD. radials

50. A metallic rod carried above the highest point of a pole or structure andconnected to earth by a heavy copper conductor intended to carry

lightning currents directly to earth.A Lightning arrester

B. Lightning rodC. Breaker

D. Lightning gap


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51. The installation from the terminal on the pole to the protector at thecustomers premises.

A. Service dropB. Subscribers loop

C. Main lineD. Local drop

52. The horizontal displacement of a point on the tower axis from its no-windload position at that elevation.

A. Tower displacementB. Tower swayC. Tower Twist

D. Tower bend

53. The angular displacement of a tangent to the tower axis at the elevationfrom its no-wind load position at that elevation.

A. Tower displacementB. Tower sway

C. Tower TwistD. Tower bend

54. The horizontal angular displacement of the tower from its no-wind

position at that elevation.

A. Tower displacement

B. Tower swayC. Tower Twist

D. Tower bend

55. Refers to communication facilities installed below the surface of the

earth.

A. underneathB. underground

C. earth matD. under earth

Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1

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Transcript of Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1