Philippine Deities (Philippine Mythology)
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Transcript of Philippine Deities (Philippine Mythology)
Ancient Tagalog Deities
Philippine Mythology
by: Jennefer EdrozoAngeluz Sabunod
Pantheon of Ancient Tagalog Gods
Philippine mythology is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to tell.
The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include deities, creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines.
Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest era believed in a single Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it
while others chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities (diwatas).
Diwatas came from the Sanskrit word devata which means “deity“, one of the several significant Hindu influences in the Pre-Hispanic religion of the ancient Filipinos.
• The Tagalog people are major ethnic group in the Philippines. They form a majority in Manila, Marinduque and Southern Luzon, and a plurality in Central Luzon and the islands of Mindoro, Palawan, and Romblon.
Good Tagalog Deities in Ancient
Philippine Mythology
First Generation Gods
Second Generation Gods
Third Generation Gods
Generations divided based on common beliefs about the offspring of the gods:
First
Generation
Gods
Bathala The supreme god of the Tagalogs; creator of man and earth and addressed sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal.
He dwells in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser gods and goddesses.
Aside from the lesser gods and goddesses, he sent his anitos in order to assist the daily lives of every human.
When most of the natives were converted to Christianity during the Spanish Era, he was referred to the Christian God.
AmanikableThe ill-tempered god of the sea because among the first generation gods (aside from Bathala), he was never married after his love was spurned by a beautiful mortal maiden, Maganda.
In frustration, he swore vengeance against the humans by sending turbulent waves and horrible tempest in order to wreck boats and to drown men.
Idiyanale Known by the Tagalogs as the god of animal husbandry and aquaculture by others the god of agriculture,
the god who is in charge of animal welfare and aquatic resources, he usually lives in the woods and guards the animals from hunters, also on waters takes in charge of the fishes and other marine life.
Dumangan• The goddess of good harvest. • She was married to Idiyanale and had two offspring.
Lakampati She is major fertility deity of the ancient Tagalogs.
Farmers with their children brought offerings for him at the fields and invoke him to protect them from famine. Some sources also said that food and words are offered to him by his devotees asking for "water" for their fields and "fish" when they set sail in the sea for fishing.
Lakampati was a hermaphrodite deity and was commented by some authors and friars as “the hermaphrodite devil who satisfies his carnal appetite with men and women”.
He is identified to the ancient Zambal goddess Ikapati although he/she also has a characteristics similar to other Zambal deities such as Anitong Tawo, Dumangan, Damulag, Kalasokus, and Kalaskas.
Second
Generation
Gods
MayariThe goddess of moon and one of the three daughters of Bathala to mortal women.
She was the most charming of all the goddesses and had two sisters namely Tala and Hanan.
TalaThe goddess of the stars;
sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
Hanan The goddess of morning;
sister of Mayari and Tala and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
DumakulemThe strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of Idiyanale and Dumangan.
His sister was Anitun Tabu.
He later married Anagolay.
Anitun Tabu The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain.
She was the daughter of Idiyanale and Dumangan and the sister of Dumakulem.
AnagolayThe goddess of lost things and the only offspring of Lakapati and Mapulon.
She was married to Dumakulem.
THIRD GENERATION GODS
OTHER GODS
THIRD GENERATION
GODS
PHILIPPINE GODS FAMILY TREE BY MOTZIE DAPUL VIA DEVIANTART
HARMFUL TAGALOG DEITIES IN ANCIENT PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY
THE GUARDIAN OF KASAMAAN AND THE
KEEPER OF ALL SOULS THEREIN, THE
COUNTERPART OF SATAN. HE HAD FOUR AGENTS
WHOSE TASK WAS TO LEAD MAN TO SIN AND DESTRUCTION.Sit
an
SHE WAS THE FIRST AGENT OF SITAN AND WAS
PRIMARILY BLAMED AS THE CAUSE OF DISEASES.
SOMETIMES, SHE WOULD CHANGE HERSELF INTO A
HUMAN FORM, APPEARING AS A FALSE HEALER. IF SHE WISHED TO KILL SOMEONE,
SHE EMPLOYED A MAGIC WAND.
Manggagaway
MANISILAT THE SECOND AGENT OF
SITAN, SHE WAS TASKED TO DESTROY AND BREAK EVERY HAPPY AND UNITED
FAMILY THAT SHE COULD FIND.
THE ONLY MALE AGENT OF SITAN, HE WAS TO EMIT FIRE AT NIGHT
AND WHEN THERE WAS BAD WEATHER. LIKE
HIS FELLOW AGENTS, HE COULD CHANGE HIS
FORM TO THAT OF A HEALER AND THEN INDUCE FIRE AT HIS VICTIM’S HOUSE. IF
THE FIRE WERE EXTINGUISHED
IMMEDIATELY, THE VICTIM WOULD
EVENTUALLY DIE. HIS NAME REMAINS TODAY
AS WITCH.
Mangkukulam
THE LAST AGENT OF SITAN COULD
CHANGE HERSELF INTO ANY FORM SHE
DESIRED. SHE COULD KILL
SOMEONE BY SIMPLY RAISING HER HAND AND COULD HEAL
WITHOUT ANY DIFFICULTY AS SHE WISHED. HER NAME LITERALLY MEANS
“CRONE” OR “HAG.”
Other Tagalog Deities in Philippine
Mythology
SHE IS THE PRIMORDIAL GODDESS
OF THE OCEAN AND PROTECTOR OF
FISHERMEN. SHE WAS ONE OF THE THREE ORIGINAL DEITIES
ALONG WITH BATHALA AND AMIHAN. SHE SENT
TEMPESTS INTO THE HEAVENS, TO WHICH
BATHALA RESPONDED BY THROWING
BOULDERS WHICH WOULD BECOME THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. AMIHAN FLEW BACK
AND FORTH BETWEEN THEM, MAKING PEACE.
(WANDERING SPIRIT) – THE WINGED GOD PRESENT IN SOME CREATION MYTHS WHO LOVES TO TRAVEL. HE IS
IDENTIFIED AS A CLOSE FRIEND OF
BATHALA.
Galang Kaluluwa
GOD OF THE SEA.
THE PROTECTOR
OF THE GROWING CROPS.
Lakambakod
Lakambakod
IS KNOW AS THE “PURE MAIDEN” FOR HIS
INCOMPARABLE BEAUTY, IRONIC THAT HE IS A
MALE DIWATA. HE WAS ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS
THE GOD OF “KAPURIHAN”(PURITY)
AND IS ALSO THE GOD OF FOOD, FESTIVITY AND
ANTI-GLUTTONY. WORSHIPED MAINLY BY
MEN: THEY PRAY TO LAKAMBINI TO LET THEM
FIND A BEAUTIFUL MAIDEN TO WED. AN
OBSCURE DEITY CALLED “ABOGADO DELA
GARGANTA” (THROAT ADVOCATE) BY THE
SPANIARDS AND WAS TURNED INTO THE GOD
OF GLUTTONY.
Lakambini
A PHALLIC GOD.Lingga
(ORPHANED SPIRIT) – IT IS A SERPENT GOD PRESENT IN SOME
CREATION MYTHS THAT WAS KILLED BY BATHALA
AFTER AN ENSUING RIVAL.
Ulilang Kaluluwa