Philip IIGOVERNMENT WARS ARTS RELIGION

Philip II makes himself absolute ruler

Builds strong navy

Supports arts and learning

Supports Catholic Reformation

Controls all parts of government

Defeats Ottoman navy in 1571

Sets up schools of science and mathematics

Stops Catholics from converting to Protestantism

Believes God had given him right to rule

English navy defeats Spanish navy in 1588

Encourages painters and writers

Persecutes Protestants in Spain

Fights against Dutch Protestants for many years

Dutch preparing for war

Philip II and Queen Mary

Elizabeth IQueen of England

• Refuses Philip’s marriage proposal.

• ½ sister of Mary• Sister-in-law of

Philip

Vocabulary• Divine Right-belief that a

ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

• Absolute Monarch-ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people they govern.

The Escorial

The Town of Escorial[30 km. Northeast of

Madrid]

El Escorial -- Background( El Escorial was begun in

1563by Juan Bautista de Toledo, aRenaissance Spanisharchitect who had workedearlier in Italy, and wascompleted after his death in1567 by Juan de Herrera.

El Escorial Statistics( 15 cloisters( 16 courts( 14 entrance halls ( 13 oratory ( 300 cells ( 86 stairways ( 9 towers ( 9 pipe organs ( 232 chorus books ( 73 statues ( More than 1,600

scenes ( 11 cisterns ( 88 fountains ( 2,673 windows ( 1,200 doors

The Escorial Palace

A Section of the Monastery& Gardens

( one of the largest religiousestablishments in the world.

The Monastery Gardens: Close-Up

The View of the Countryside from

the Monastery Area

Philip II [r. 1556 – 1598]

Philip II & “Bloody” Mary Tudor

The Library Inside the Monastery

( 4,700 manuscripts[many illuminated].

( 40,000 printed books.

Philip II’s Chapel

Stairwell Inside the Escorial

Ceiling Inside the Escorial

A Main Corredor Inside the Escorial

The Escorial’s

Library( Over 4,700 rare manuscripts.

( Many illuminated manuscripts.

( Over 45,000 books.

Philip II Died in this Bed

The Crypt Area

The Crypt of Philip II

Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote

• In the 1600s, Spanish power slowly declined because rulers spent too much money on wars overseas.

• The Spanish relied on gold and silver from their American colonies.

• As a result, they neglected business at home.

• At the same time, the middle class felt they were being taxed too much so they stopped supporting the government.

• By the late 1600s, France had replaced Spain as the most powerful European nation.

Exit Card

1.Define absolute monarch and divine right.

2. Why did the Spanish economy declined in the 1600s?