Phil Rules of Court

8/9/2019 Phil Rules of Court

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A civil action %ay either be or&inary or special. oth are'overne& by the rules for or&inary civil actions# sub/ect to thespecific rules prescribe& for a special civil action. (n)

(b) A cri%inal action is one by hich the $tate prosecutes aperson for an act or o%ission punishable by la. (n)

(c) A special procee&in' is a re%e&y by hich a party seeks toestablish a status# a ri'ht# or a particular fact. (2a# ,2)

Se*t)o% .+$n %hat &ase not appli&a'le. +hese ,ules shall not applyto election cases# lan& re'istration# ca&astral# naturaliation an&insolvency procee&in's# an& other cases not herein provi&e& for#ecept by analo'y or in a suppletory character an& heneverpracticable an& convenient. (,-1a)

Se*t)o% /+Commen&ement of a&tion. A civil action is co%%ence&by the filin' of the ori'inal co%plaint in court. !f an a&&itional &efen&ant

is i%plea&e& in a later plea&in'# the action is co%%ence& ith re'ar&to hi% on the &ate& of the filin' of such later plea&in'# irrespective ofhether the %otion for its a&%ission# if necessary# is &enie& by thecourt. (3a)

Se*t)o% 0+Constru&tion. +hese ,ules shall be liberally construe& inor&er to pro%ote their ob/ective of securin' a /ust# spee&y an&inepensive &isposition of every action an& procee&in'. (2a)

C))' A*t)o%s

Or)%&r2 C))' A*t)o%s

RULE

C&use of A*t)o%

Se*t)o% 1+)rdinary &i(il a&tions#'asis of.4very or&inary civil action%ust be base& on a cause of action. (n)

Se*t)o% +Cause of a&tion#defined. A cause of action is the act or

o%ission by hich a party violates a ri'ht of another. (n)

Se*t)o% -+)ne suit for a single &ause of a&tion. A party %ay notinstitute %ore than one suit for a sin'le cause of action. (a)

Se*t)o% .+Splitting a single &ause of a&tioneffe&t of. !f to or %oresuits are institute& on the basis of the sa%e cause of action# the filin'of one or a /u&'%ent upon the %erits in any one is available as a'roun& for the &is%issal of the others. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+*oinder of &auses of a&tion. A party %ay in one plea&in'assert# in the alternative or otherise# as %any causes of action as he%ay have a'ainst an opposin' party# sub/ect to the folloin'con&itions*

(a) +he party /oinin' the causes of action shall co%ply ith therules on /oin&er of parties

(b) +he /oin&er shall not inclu&e special civil actions or actions'overne& by special rules

(c) 6here the causes of action are beteen the sa%e partiesbut pertain to &ifferent venues or /uris&ictions# the /oin&er %aybe alloe& in the ,e'ional +rial "ourt provi&e& one of thecauses of action falls ithin the /uris&iction of sai& court an&the venue lies therein an&

(&) 6here the clai%s in all the causes action are principally forrecovery of %oney# the a''re'ate a%ount clai%e& shall be thetest of /uris&iction. (5a)

Se*t)o% 0+Mis+oinder of &auses of a&tion. Mis/oin&er of causes of

action is not a 'roun& for &is%issal of an action. A %is/oine& cause ofaction %ay# on %otion of a party or on the initiative of the court# besevere& an& procee&e& ith separately. (n)

RULE -

P&rt)es to C))' A*t)o%s

Se*t)o% 1+ ho may 'e parties plaintiff and defendant. 7nlynatural or /uri&ical persons# or entities authorie& by la %ay beparties in a civil action. +he ter% plaintiff %ay refer to the clai%in'

party# the counter9clai%ant# the cross9clai%ant# or the thir& (fourth#etc.) party plaintiff. +he ter% &efen&ant %ay refer to the ori'inal

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&efen&in' party# the &efen&ant in a counter9clai%# the cross9&efen&ant#or the thir& (fourth# etc.) party &efen&ant. (-a)

Se*t)o% + Parties in interest. A real party in interest is the partyho stan&s to be benefite& or in/ure& by the /u&'%ent in the suit# or theparty entitle& to the avails of the suit. :nless otherise authorie& byla or these ,ules# every action %ust be prosecute& or &efen&e& in

the na%e of the real party in interest. (2a)

Se*t)o% -+Representati(es as parties. 6here the action is alloe& to be prosecute& an& &efen&e& by a representative or so%eone actin'in a fi&uciary capacity# the beneficiary shall be inclu&e& in the title ofthe case an& shall be &ee%e& to be the real property in interest. Arepresentative %ay be a trustee of an epert trust# a 'uar&ian# aneecutor or a&%inistrator# or a party authorie& by la or these ,ules.

An a'ent actin' in his on na%e an& for the benefit of an un&isclose&principal %ay sue or be sue& ithout /oinin' the principal ecept henthe contract involves thin's belon'in' to the principal. (a)

Se*t)o% .+Spouses as parties. ;usban& an& ife shall sue or be sue& /ointly# ecept as provi&e& by la. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+ Minor or in&ompetent persons. A %inor or a person alle'e& to be inco%petent# %ay sue or be sue& ith the assistance ofhis father# %other# 'uar&ian# or if he has none# a 'uar&ian ad litem.(5a)

Se*t)o% 0+ Permissi(e +oinder of parties. All persons in ho% or a'ainst ho% any ri'ht to relief in respect to or arisin' out of the sa%etransaction or series of transactions is alle'e& to eist# hether /ointly#

severally# or in the alternative# %ay# ecept as otherise provi&e& inthese ,ules# /oin as plaintiffs or be /oine& as &efen&ants in oneco%plaint# here any a)

Se*t)o% 14+n%illing &o-plaintiff. !f the consent of any party ho

shoul& be /oine& as plaintiff can not be obtaine he %ay be %a&e a&efen&ant an& the reason therefor shall be state& in the co%plaint. (-0)

Se*t)o% 11+ Mis+oinder and non-+oinder of parties. ?either %is/oin&er nor non9/oin&er of parties is 'roun& for &is%issal of anaction. Parties %ay be &roppe& or a&&e& by or&er of the court on%otion of any party or on its on initiative at any sta'e the action an&on such ter%s as are /ust. Any clai% a'ainst a %is/oine& party %ay besevere& an& procee&e& ith separately. (--a)

Se*t)o% 1+Class suit. 6hen the sub/ect %atter of the controversy is one of co%%on or 'eneral interest to %any persons so nu%erous

that it is i%practicable to /oin all as parties# a nu%ber of the% hich thecourt fin&s to be sufficiently nu%erous an& representative as to fullyprotect the interests of all concerne& %ay sue or &efen& for the benefitof all. Any party in interest shall have the ri'ht to intervene to protecthis in&ivi&ual interest. (-2a)

Se*t)o% 1-+Alternati(e defendants. 6here the plaintiff is uncertain a'ainst ho of several persons he is entitle& to relief# he %ay /oin anyor all of the% as &efen&ants in the alternative# althou'h a ri'ht to reliefa'ainst one %ay be inconsistent ith a ri'ht of relief a'ainst the other.(-a)

Se*t)o% 1.+n/no%n identity or name of defendant. 6henever the i&entity or na%e of a &efen&ant is unknon# he %ay be sue& as the

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unknon oner heir &evisee# or by such other &esi'nation as the case%ay re


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other laful fees shall be assesse& an& collecte& by the clerk of court.!f pay%ent is not %a&e ithin the ti%e fie& by the court# eecutionshall issue or the pay%ent thereof# ithout pre/u&ice to such othersanctions as the court %ay i%pose. (22a)

Se*t)o% +Noti&e to the Soli&itor eneral. !n any action involvin' the vali&ity of any treaty# la# or&inance# eecutive or&er# presi&ential

&ecree# rules or re'ulations# the court# in its &iscretion# %ay re


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Se*t)o% .+Ans%er. An anser is a plea&in' in hich a &efen&in' party sets forth his &efenses. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+ 1efenses. Eefenses %ay either be ne'ative or affir%ative.

(a) A ne'ative &efense is the specific &enial of the %aterial fact

or facts alle'e& in the plea&in' of the clai%ant essential to hiscause or causes of action.

(b) An affir%ative &efense is an alle'ation of a ne %atterhich# hile hypothetically a&%ittin' the %aterial alle'ations inthe plea&in' of the clai%ant# oul& nevertheless prevent or barrecovery by hi%. +he affir%ative &efenses inclu&e fraustatute of li%itations# release# pay%ent# ille'ality# statute offrau&s# estoppel# for%er recovery# &ischar'e in bankruptcy#an& any other %atter by ay of confession an& avoi&ance. (5a)

Se*t)o% 0+ Counter&laim. A counterclai% is any clai% hich a &efen&in' party %ay have a'ainst an opposin' party. (3a)

Se*t)o% 7+Compulsory &ounter&laim. A co%pulsory counterclai% is one hich# bein' co'niable by the re'ular courts of /ustice# arises outof or is connecte& ith the transaction or occurrence constitutin' thesub/ect %atter of the opposin' partyDs clai% an& &oes not re


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+heir respective participation in the case shall be in&icate&. (-a# 2a)

Se*t)o% + #he 'ody. +he bo&y of the plea&in' sets fourth its &esi'nation# the alle'ations of the partyDs clai%s or &efenses# the reliefpraye& for# an& the &ate of the plea&in'. (n)

(a) Paragraphs. +he alle'ations in the bo&y of a plea&in'

shall be &ivi&e& into para'raphs so nu%bere& to be rea&ilyi&entifie each of hich shall contain a state%ent of a sin'leset of circu%stances so far as that can be &one ithconvenience. A para'raph %ay be referre& to by its nu%ber inall succee&in' plea&in's. (a)

(b) 7eadings. 6hen to or %ore causes of action are /oine& the state%ent of the first shall be preface& by the or&sfirst cause of action#DD of the secon& by secon& cause ofaction# an& so on for the others.

6hen one or %ore para'raphs in the anser are a&&resse& toone of several causes of action in the co%plaint# they shall bepreface& by the or&s anser to the first cause of action oranser to the secon& cause of action an& so on an& henone or %ore para'raphs of the anser are a&&resse& toseveral causes of action# they shall be preface& by or&s tothat effect. (1)

(c) Relief. +he plea&in' shall specify the relief sou'ht# but it %ay a&& a 'eneral prayer for such further or other relief as%ay be &ee%e& /ust or e


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RULE 3

M&%%er of M&8)%6 A''e6&t)o%s )% P'e&)%6s

Se*t)o% 1+$n general. 4very plea&in' shall contain in a %etho&ical an& lo'ical for%# a plain# concise an& &irect state%ent of the ulti%atefacts on hich the party plea&in' relies for his clai% or &efense# as the

case %ay be# o%ittin' the state%ent of %ere evi&entiary facts. (-)

!f a &efense relie& on is base& on la# the pertinent provisions thereofan& their applicability to hi% shall be clearly an& concisely state&. (n)

Se*t)o% +Alternati(e &auses of a&tion or defenses. A party %ay set forth to or %ore state%ents of a clai% or &efense alternatively orhypothetically# either in one cause of action or &efense or in separatecauses of action or &efenses. 6hen to or %ore state%ents are %a&ein the alternative an& one of the% if %a&e in&epen&ently oul& besufficient# the plea&in' is not %a&e insufficient by the insufficiency ofone or %ore of the alternative state%ents. (2)

Se*t)o% -+ Conditions pre&edent. !n any plea&in' a 'eneral aver%ent of the perfor%ance or occurrence of all con&itions prece&entshall be sufficient. ()

Se*t)o% .+Capa&ity. @acts shoin' the capacity of a party to sue or be sue& or the authority of a party to sue or be sue& in a representativecapacity or the le'al eistence of an or'anie& association of personthat is %a&e a party# %ust be averre&. A party &esirin' to raise anissue as to the le'al eistence of any party or the capacity of any partyto sue or be sue& in a representative capacity# shall &o so by specific

&enial# hich shall inclu&e such supportin' particulars as are peculiarlyithin the plea&erDs knole&'e. (1)

Se*t)o% /+raud, mista/e, &ondition of the mind. !n all aver%ents of frau& or %istake the circu%stances constitutin' frau& or %istake %ustbe state& ith particularity. Malice# intent# knole&'e# or othercon&ition of the %in& of a person %ay be averre& 'enerally.(5a)

Se*t)o% 0+ *udgment. !n plea&in' a /u&'%ent or &ecision of a &o%estic or forei'n court# /u&icial or


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any plea&in' to be stricken out or that any sha% or false# re&un&ant#i%%aterial# i%pertinent# or scan&alous %atter be stricken outtherefro%. (5# ,>)

RULE 9

Effe*t of F&)'ure to P'e&

Se*t)o% 1+ 1efenses and o'+e&tions not pleaded. Eefenses an& ob/ections not plea&e& either in a %otion to &is%iss or in the anserare &ee%e& aive&. ;oever# hen it appears fro% the plea&in's orthe evi&ence on recor& that the court has no /uris&iction over thesub/ect %atter# that there is another action pen&in' beteen the sa%eparties for the sa%e cause# or that the action is barre& by a prior

/u&'%ent or by statute of li%itations# the court shall &is%iss the clai%.(2a)

Se*t)o% +Compulsory &ounter&laim#or &ross-&laim#not set up 'arred.A co%pulsory counterclai%# or a cross9clai%# not set up shall be

barre&. (1a)

Se*t)o% -+ 1efault de&laration of. !f the &efen&in' party fails to anser ithin the ti%e alloe& therefor# the court shall# upon %otion ofthe clai%in' party ith notice to the &efen&in' party# an& proof of suchfailure# &eclare the &efen&in' party in &efault. +hereupon# the courtshall procee& to ren&er /u&'%ent 'rantin' the clai%ant such relief ashis plea&in' %ay arrant# unless the court in its &iscretion re


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%otion file& in court# an& after notice to the a&verse party# an& anopportunity to be hear&. (a)

Se*t)o% .+ormal amendments. A &efect in the &esi'nation of the parties an& other clearly clerical or typo'raphical errors %ay besu%%arily correcte& by the court at any sta'e of the action# at itsinitiative or on %otion# provi&e& no pre/u&ice is cause& thereby to the

a&verse party. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+Amendment to &onform to or authori9e presentation ofe(iden&e. 6hen issues not raise& by the plea&in's are trie& ith the epress or i%plie& consent of the parties they shall be treate& in allrespects as if they ha& been raise& in the plea&in's. $uch a%en&%entof the plea&in's as %ay be necessary to cause the% to confor% to theevi&ence an& to raise these issues %ay be %a&e upon %otion of anyparty at any ti%e# even after /u&'%ent but failure to a%en& &oes noteffect the result of the trial of these issues. !f evi&ence is ob/ecte& to atthe trial on the 'roun& that it is not ithin the issues %a&e by theplea&in's# the court %ay allo the plea&in's to be a%en&e& an& shall

&o so ith liberality if the presentation of the %erits of the action an&the en&s of substantial /ustice ill be subserve& thereby. +he court%ay 'rant a continuance to enable the a%en&%ent to be %a&e. (5a)

Se*t)o% 0+ Supplemental pleadings. :pon %otion of a party the court %ay# upon reasonable notice an& upon such ter%s as are /ust#per%it hi% to serve a supple%ental plea&in' settin' forth transactions#occurrences or events hich have happene& since the &ate of theplea&in' sou'ht to be supple%ente&. +he a&verse party %ay plea&thereto ithin ten (-0) &ays fro% notice of the or&er a&%ittin' thesupple%ental plea&in'. (3a)

Se*t)o% 7+ iling of amended pleadings. 6hen any plea&in' is a%en&e a ne copy of the entire plea&in'# incorporatin' thea%en&%ents# hich shall be in&icate& by appropriate %arks# shall befile&. (=a)

Se*t)o% 3+ ffe&t of amended pleadings. An a%en&e& plea&in' superse&es the plea&in' that it a%en&s. ;oever# a&%issions insuperse&e& plea&in's %ay be receive& in evi&ence a'ainst theplea&er# an& clai%s or &efenses alle'e& therein not incorporate& in thea%en&e& plea&in' shall be &ee%e& aive&. (n)

RULE 11

he% to F)'e Reso%s)e P'e&)%6s

Se*t)o% 1+Ans%er to the &omplaint. +he &efen&ant shall file his anser to the co%plaint ithin fifteen (-5) &ays after service ofsu%%ons# unless a &ifferent perio& is fie& by the court. (la)

Se*t)o% +Ans%er of a defendant foreign pri(ate +uridi&al entity. 6here the &efen&ant is a forei'n private /uri&ical entity an& service ofsu%%ons is %a&e on the 'overn%ent official &esi'nate& by la toreceive the sa%e# the anser shall be file& ithin thirty (0) &ays afterreceipt of su%%ons by such entity. (2a)

Se*t)o% -+Ans%er to amended &omplaint. 6hen the plaintiff files an a%en&e& co%plaint as a %atter of ri'ht# the &efen&ant shall anserthe sa%e ithin fifteen (-5) &ays after bein' serve& ith a copythereof.

6here its filin' is not a %atter of ri'ht# the &efen&ant shall anser thea%en&e& co%plaint ithin ten (l0) &ays fro% notice of the or&era&%ittin' the sa%e. An anser earlier file& %ay serve as the anser tothe a%en&e& co%plaint if no ne anser is file&.

+his ,ule shall apply to the anser to an a%en&e& counterclai%#a%en&e& cross9clai%# a%en&e& thir& (fourth# etc.) party co%plaint# an& a%en&e& co%plaint9in9intervention. (a)

Se*t)o% .+Ans%er to &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim. A counterclai% or cross9clai% %ust be ansere& ithin ten (-0) &ays fro% service. (1)

Se*t)o% /+Ans%er to third 5fourth, et&.6-party &omplaint. +he ti%e to anser a thir& (fourth# etc.) party co%plaint shall be 'overne& by the sa%e rule as the anser to the co%plaint. (5a)

Se*t)o% 0+ Reply. A reply %ay be file& ithin ten (-0) &ays fro% service of the plea&in' respon&e& to. (3)

Se*t)o% 7+Ans%er to supplemental &omplain. A supple%ental co%plaint %ay be ansere& ithin ten (-0) &ays fro% notice of theor&er a&%ittin' the sa%e# unless a &ifferent perio& is fie& by the court.

+he anser to the co%plaint shall serve as the anser to thesupple%ental co%plaint if no ne or supple%ental anser is file&. (n)

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Se*t)o% 3+ 2isting &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim. A co%pulsory counterclai% or a cross9clai% that a &efen&in' party has at the ti%e hefiles his anser shall be containe& therein. (8a# ,3)

Se*t)o% 9+ Counter&laim or &ross-&laim arising after ans%er. A counterclai% or a cross9clai% hich either %ature& or as ac# ,3)

Se*t)o% 14+)mitted &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim. 6hen a plea&er fails to set up a counterclai% or a cross9clai% throu'h oversi'ht#ina&vertence# or ecusable ne'lect# or hen /ustice re


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by presentin' the ori'inal copies thereof# plainly in&icate& as such#personally to the clerk of court or by sen&in' the% by re'istere& %ail.!n the first case# the clerk of court shall en&orse on the plea&in' the&ate an& hour of filin'. !n the secon& case# the &ate of the %ailin' of%otions# plea&in's# or any other papers or pay%ents or &eposits# asshon by the post office sta%p on the envelope or the re'istry receipt#shall be consi&ere& as the &ate of their filin'# pay%ent# or &eposit in

court. +he envelope shall be attache& to the recor& of the case. (-a)

Se*t)o% .+Papers re:uired to 'e filed and ser(ed. 4very /u&'%ent# resolution# or&er# plea&in' subse>8)

Se*t)o% 3+ Su'stituted ser(i&e. !f service of plea&in's# %otions# notices# resolutions# or&ers an& other papers cannot be %a&e un&erthe to prece&in' sections# the office an& place of resi&ence of theparty or his counsel bein' unknon# service %ay be %a&e by&eliverin' the copy to the clerk of court# ith proof of failure of bothpersonal service an& service by %ail. +he service is co%plete at theti%e of such &elivery. (3a)

Se*t)o% 9+ Ser(i&e of +udgments# final orders# or resolutions. Ju&'%ents# final or&ers or resolutions shall be serve& either personallyor by re'istere& %ail. 6hen a party su%%one& by publication hasfaile& to appear in the action# /u&'%ents# final or&ers or resolutionsa'ainst hi% shall be serve& upon hi% also by publication at theepense of the prevailin' party. (=a)

Se*t)o% 14+Completeness of ser(i&e. Personal service is co%plete upon actual &elivery. $ervice by or&inary %ail is co%plete upon theepiration of ten (-0) &ays after %ailin'# unless the court otheriseprovi&es. $ervice by re'istere& %ail is co%plete upon actual receipt bythe a&&ressee# or after five (5) &ays fro% the &ate he receive& the firstnotice of the post%aster# hichever &ate is earlier. (8a)

Se*t)o% 11+ Priorities in modes of ser(i&e and filing. 6henever practicable# the service an& filin' of plea&in's an& other papers shallbe &one personally. 4cept ith respect to papers e%anatin' fro% thecourt# a resort to other %o&es %ust be acco%panie& by a ritteneplanation hy the service or filin' as not &one personally. A

violation of this ,ule %ay be cause to consi&er the paper as not file&.(n)

Se*t)o% 1+Proof of filing. +he filin' of a plea&in' or paper shall be prove& by its eistence in the recor& of the case. !f it is not in therecor but is clai%e& to have been file& personally# the filin' shall beprove& by the ritten or sta%pe& acknole&'%ent of its filin' by theclerk of court on a copy of the sa%e if file& by re'istere& %ail# by there'istry receipt an& by the affi&avit of the person ho &i& the %ailin'#containin' a full state%ent of the &ate an& place of &epositin' the %ailin the post office in a seale& envelope a&&resse& to the court# ithposta'e fully prepai an& ith instructions to the post%aster to return

the %ail to the sen&er after ten (-0) &ays if not &elivere&. (n)

Se*t)o% 1-+Proof of Ser(i&e. Proof of personal service shall consist of a ritten a&%ission of the party serve or the official return of theserver# or the affi&avit of the party servin'# containin' a full state%entof the &ate# place an& %anner of service. !f the service is by or&inary%ail# proof thereof shall consist of an affi&avit of the person %ailin' offacts shoin' co%pliance ith section = of this ,ule. !f service is %a&eby re'istere& %ail# proof shall be %a&e by such affi&avit an& there'istry receipt issue& by the %ailin' office. +he re'istry return car&shall be file& i%%e&iately upon its receipt by the sen&er# or in lieuthereof the unclai%e& letter to'ether ith the certifie& or sorn copy of

the notice 'iven by the post%aster to the a&&ressee. (-0a)

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Se*t)o% 1.+Noti&e of lis pendens. !n an action affectin' the title or the ri'ht of possession of real property# the plaintiff an& the &efen&ant#hen affir%ative relief is clai%e& in his anser# %ay recor& in theoffice of the re'istry of &ee&s of the province in hich the property issituate& notice of the pen&ency of the action. $ai& notice shall containthe na%es of the parties an& the ob/ect of the action or &efense# an& a&escription of the property in that province affecte& thereby. 7nly fro%

the ti%e of filin' such notice for recor& shall a purchaser# orencu%brancer of the property affecte& thereby# be &ee%e& to haveconstructive notice of the pen&ency of the action# an& only of itspen&ency a'ainst the parties &esi'nate& by their real na%es.

+he notice of lis pendenshereinabove %entione& %ay be cancelle&only upon or&er of the court# after proper shoin' that the notice is forthe purpose of %olestin' the a&verse party# or that it is not necessaryto protect the ri'hts of the ri'hts of the party ho cause& it to berecor&e&. (21a# ,9-1)

RULE 1.

Su55o%s

Se*t)o% 1+Cler/ to issue summons. :pon the filin' of the co%plaint an& the pay%ent of the rea)

Se*t)o% 9+ Ser(i&e upon prisoners. 6hen the &efen&ant is a prisoner confine& in a /ail or institution# service shall be effecte& uponhi% by the officer havin' the %ana'e%ent of such /ail or institution hois &ee%e& &eputie& as a special sheriff for sai& purpose. (-2a)

Se*t)o% 14+ Ser(i&e upon minors and in&ompetents. 6hen the &efen&ant is a %inor# insane or otherise an inco%petent# service shall

be %a&e upon hi% personally an& on his le'al 'uar&ian if he has one#or if none his 'uar&ian ad litemhose appoint%ent shall be applie& for

13


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by the plaintiff. !n the case of a %inor# service %ay also be %a&e on hisfather or %other. (l0a# --a)

Se*t)o% 11+Ser(i&e upon domesti& pri(ate +uridi&al entity. 6hen the &efen&ant is a corporation# partnership or association or'anie& un&erthe las of the Philippines ith a /uri&ical personality# service %ay be%a&e on the presi&ent# %ana'in' partner# 'eneral %ana'er# corporate

secretary# treasurer# or in9house counsel. (-a)

Se*t)o% 1+Ser(i&e upon foreign pri(ate +uridi&al entities. 6hen the &efen&ant is a forei'n private /uri&ical entity hich has transacte&business in the Philippines# service %ay be %a&e on its resi&ent a'ent&esi'nate& in accor&ance ith la for that purpose# or# if there be nosuch a'ent# on the 'overn%ent official &esi'nate& by la to that effect#or on any of its officers or a'ents ithin the Philippines. (-1a)

Se*t)o% 1-+Ser(i&e upon pu'li& &orporations. 6hen the &efen&ant is the ,epublic of the Philippines# service %ay be effecte& on the$olicitor eneral in case of a province# city or %unicipality# or like

public corporations# service %ay be effecte& on its eecutive hea oron such other officer or officers as the la or the court %ay &irect. (-5)

Se*t)o% 1.+ Ser(i&e upon defendant %hose identity or %herea'outsare un/no%n. !n any action here the &efen&ant is &esi'nate& as an unknon oner# or the like# or henever his hereabouts areunknon an& cannot be ascertaine& by &ili'ent in)

Se*t)o% 13+Proof of ser(i&e. +he proof of service of a su%%ons shall be %a&e in ritin' by the server an& shall set forth the %anner#place# an& &ate of service shall specify any papers hich have beenserve& ith the process an& the na%e of the person ho receive& the

sa%e an& shall be sorn to hen %a&e by a person other than asheriff or his &eputy. (20)

Se*t)o% 19+Proof of ser(i&e 'y pu'li&ation. !f the service has been %a&e by publication# service %ay be prove& by the affi&avit of theprinter# his fore%an or principal clerk# or of the e&itor# business ora&vertisin' %ana'er# to hich affi&avit a copy of the publication shallbe attache& an& by an affi&avit shoin' the &eposit of a copy of thesu%%ons an& or&er for publication in the post office# posta'e prepai&irecte& to the &efen&ant by re'istere& %ail to his last knon a&&ress.(2-)

Se*t)o% 4+ 4oluntary appearan&e. +he &efen&antDs voluntary appearance in the action shall be e


15/192

Se*t)o% 1+Motion defined. A %otion is an application for relief other than by a plea&in'. (-a)

Se*t)o% + Motions must 'e in %ritings. All %otions shall be in ritin' ecept those %a&e in open court or in the course of a hearin'or trial. (2a)

Se*t)o% -+ Contents. A %otion shall state the relief sou'ht to be obtaine& an& the 'roun&s upon hich it is base an& if re# a %otion attackin' a plea&in'# or&er# /u&'%ent# orprocee&in' shall inclu&e all ob/ections then available# an& allob/ections not so inclu&e& shall be &ee%e& aive&. (8a)

Se*t)o% 9+Motion for lea(e. A %otion for leave to file a plea&in' or %otion shall be acco%panie& by the plea&in' or %otion sou'ht to be

a&%itte&. (n)

Se*t)o% 14+orm. +he ,ules applicable to plea&in's shall apply to ritten %otions so far as concerns caption# &esi'nation# si'nature# an&other %atters of for%. (>a)

RULE 10

Mot)o% to D)s5)ss

Se*t)o% 1+rounds. 6ithin the ti%e for but before filin' the anser to the co%plaint or plea&in' assertin' a clai%# a %otion to &is%iss %aybe %a&e on any of the folloin' 'roun&s*

(a) +hat the court has no /uris&iction over the person of the&efen&in' party

(b) +hat the court has no /uris&iction over the sub/ect %atter of

the clai%

(c) +hat venue is i%properly lai&

(&) +hat the plaintiff has no le'al capacity to sue

(e) +hat there is another action pen&in' beteen the sa%eparties for the sa%e cause

(f) +hat the cause of action is barre& by a prior /u&'%ent or bythe statute of li%itations

(') +hat the plea&in' assertin' the clai% states no cause ofaction

(h) +hat the clai% or &e%an& set forth in the plaintiffDs plea&in'has been pai aive aban&one or otherise etin'uishe&

(i) +hat the clai% on hich the action is foun&e& is enforceableun&er the provisions of the statute of frau&s an&

(/) +hat a con&ition prece&ent for filin' the clai% has not beenco%plie& ith. (-a)

15


16/192

Se*t)o% + 7earing of motion. At the hearin' of the %otion# the parties shall sub%it their ar'u%ents on the


17/192

RULE 13

PreTr)&'

Se*t)o% 1+ hen &ondu&ted. After the last plea&in' has been serve& an& file if shall be the &uty of the plaintiff to pro%ptly %ove e2

partethat the case be set for pre9trial (5a# ,20)

Se*t)o% + Nature and purpose. +he pre9trial is %an&atory. +he court shall consi&er*

(a) +he possibility of an a%icable settle%ent or of a sub%issionto alternative %o&es of &ispute resolution

(b) +he si%plification of the issues

(c) +he necessity or &esirability of a%en&%ents to theplea&in's

(&) +he possibility of obtainin' stipulations or a&%issions offacts an& of &ocu%ents to avoi& unnecessary proof

(e) +he li%itation of the nu%ber of itnesses

(f) +he a&visability of a preli%inary reference of issues to aco%%issioner

(') +he propriety of ren&erin' /u&'%ent on the plea&in's# orsu%%ary /u&'%ent# or of &is%issin' the action shoul& a vali&

'roun& therefor be foun& to eist

(h) +he a&visability or necessity of suspen&in' theprocee&in's an&

(i) $uch other %atters as %ay ai& in the pro%pt &isposition ofthe action. (-a# ,20)

Se*t)o% -+Noti&e of pre-trial. +he notice of pre9trial shall be serve& on counsel# or on the party ho has no counsel. +he counsel serve&ith such notice is char'e& ith the &uty of notifyin' the partyrepresente& by hi%. (n)

Se*t)o% .+Appearan&e of parties. !t shall be the &uty of the parties an& their counsel to appear at the pre9trial. +he non9appearance of aparty %ay be ecuse& only if a vali& cause is shon therefor or if arepresentative shall appear in his behalf fully authorie& in ritin' toenter into an a%icable settle%ent# to sub%it to alternative %o&es of&ispute resolution# an& to enter into stipulations or a&%issions of factsan& of &ocu%ents. (n)

Se*t)o% /+ffe&t of failure to appear. +he failure of the plaintiff to appear hen so re


18/192

Se*t)o% 7+Re&ord of pre-trial. +he procee&in's in the pre9trial shall be recor&e&. :pon the ter%ination thereof# the court shall issue anor&er hich shall recite in &etail the %atters taken up in theconference# the action taken thereon# the a%en&%ents alloe& to theplea&in's# an& the a'ree%ents or a&%issions %a&e by the parties asto any of the %atters consi&ere&. $houl& the action procee& to trial# theor&er shall# eplicitly &efine an& li%it the issues to be trie&. +he

contents of the or&er shall control the subse


19/192

6hen application for a subpoena to a prisoner is %a&e# the /u&'e orofficer shall ea%ine an& stu&y carefully such application to &eter%inehether the sa%e is %a&e for a vali& purpose.

?o prisoner sentence& to &eath# re&lusion perpetua or lifei%prison%ent an& ho is confine& in any penal institution shall bebrou'ht outsi&e the sai& penal institution for appearance or atten&ance

in any court unless authorie& by the $upre%e "ourt (2a# ,2)

Se*t)o% -+orm and &ontents. A subpoena shall state the na%e of the court an& the title of the action or investi'ation# shall be &irecte& tothe person hose atten&ance is rea#

,2)

RULE

Co5ut&t)o% of T)5e

Se*t)o% 1+7o% to &ompute time. !n co%putin' any perio& of ti%e prescribe& or alloe& by these ,ules# or by or&er of the court# or byany applicable statute# the &ay of the act or event fro% hich the

&esi'nate& perio& of ti%e be'ins to run is to be eclu&e& an& the &ateof perfor%ance inclu&e&. !f the last &ay of the perio as thus

19


20/192

co%pute falls on a $atur&ay a $un&ay# or a le'al holi&ay in the placehere the court sits# the ti%e shall not run until the net orkin' &ay.(a)

Se*t)o% + ffe&t of interruption. $houl& an act be &one hich effectively interrupts the runnin' of the perio the alloable perio&after such interruption shall start to run on the &ay after notice of the

cessation of the cause thereof.

+he &ay of the act that cause& the interruption shall be eclu&e& in theco%putation of the perio&. (n)

RULE -

Deos)t)o%s Pe%)%6 A*t)o%

Se*t)o% 1+ 1epositions pending a&tion#%hen may 'e ta/en. y leave of court after /uris&iction has been obtaine& over any &efen&antor over property hich is the sub/ect of the action# or ithout suchleave after an anser has been serve the testi%ony of any person#hether a party or not# %ay be taken# at the instance of any party# by&eposition upon oral ea%ination or ritten interro'atories. +heatten&ance of itnesses %ay be co%pelle& by the use of a subpoenaas provi&e& in ,ule 2-. Eepositions shall be taken only in accor&anceith these ,ules. +he &eposition of a person confine& in prison %ay betaken only by leave of court on such ter%s as the court prescribes. (-a#,21)

Se*t)o% +S&ope of e2amination. :nless otherise or&ere& by the court as provi&e& by section -3 or -8 of this ,ule# the &eponent %aybe ea%ine& re'ar&in' any %atter# not privile'e hich is relevant tothe sub/ect of the pen&in' action# hether relatin' to the clai% or&efense of any other party# inclu&in' the eistence# &escription# nature#custo&y# con&ition# an& location of any books# &ocu%ents# or othertan'ible thin's an& the i&entity an& location of persons havin'knole&'e of relevant facts. (2# ,21)

Se*t)o% -+ 2amination and &ross-e2amination. 4a%ination an& cross9ea%ination of &eponents %ay procee& as per%itte& at the trialun&er sections to -8 of ,ule -2. (a# ,21)

Se*t)o% .+se of depositions. At the trial or upon the hearin' of a %otion or an interlocutory procee&in'# any part or all of a &eposition#so far as a&%issible un&er the rules of evi&ence# %ay be use& a'ainstany party ho as present or represente& at the takin' of the&eposition or ho ha& &ue notice thereof# in accor&ance ith any oneof the folloin' provisions

(a) Any &eposition %ay be use& by any party for the purpose ofcontra&ictin' or i%peachin' the testi%ony of &eponent as aitness

(b) +he &eposition of a party or of any one ho at the ti%e oftakin' the &eposition as an officer# &irector# or %ana'in'a'ent of a public or private corporation# partnership# orassociation hich is a party %ay be use& by an a&verse partyfor any purpose

(c) +he &eposition of a itness# hether or not a party# %ay beuse& by any party for any purpose if the court fin&s* (-) that the

itness is &ea or (2) that the itness resi&es at a &istance%ore than one hun&re& (-00) kilo%eters fro% the place of trialor hearin'# or is out of the Philippines# unless it appears thathis absence as procure& by the party offerin' the &eposition#or () that the itness is unable to atten& or testify because ofa'e# sickness# infir%ity# or i%prison%ent# or (1) that the partyofferin' the &eposition has been unable to procure theatten&ance of the itness by subpoena or (5) upon applicationan& notice# that such eceptional circu%stances eist as to%ake it &esirable# in the interest of /ustice an& ith &ue re'ar&to the i%portance of presentin' the testi%ony of itnessesorally in open court# to allo the &eposition to be use& an&

(&) !f only part of a &eposition is offere& in evi&ence by a party#the a&verse party %ay re


21/192

Se*t)o% 0+)'+e&tions to admissi'ility. $ub/ect to the provisions of section 2> of this ,ule# ob/ection %ay be %a&e at the trial or hearin'#to receivin' in evi&ence any &eposition or part thereof for any reasonhich oul& re# ,21)

Se*t)o% 14+Persons 'efore %hom depositions may 'e ta/en %ithin thePhilippines. 6ithin the Philippines &epositions %ay be taken before any /u&'e# notary public# or the person referre& to in section -1 hereof.(-0a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 11+Persons 'efore %hom depositions may 'e ta/en in foreign&ountries. !n a forei'n state or country# &epositions %ay be taken (a) on notice before a secretary of e%bassy or le'ation# consul 'eneral#consul# vice9consul# or consular a'ent of the ,epublic of thePhilippines# (b) before such person or officer as %ay be appointe& byco%%ission or un&er letters ro'atory or (c) the person referre& to insection -1 hereof. (--a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 1+Commission or letters rogatory. A co%%ission or letters ro'atory shall be issue& only hen necessary or convenient# onapplication an& notice# an& on such ter%s# an& ith such &irection asare /ust an& appropriate. 7fficers %ay be &esi'nate& in notices orco%%issions either by na%e or &escriptive title an& letters ro'atory%ay be a&&resse& to the appropriate /u&icial authority in the forei'ncountry. (-2a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 1-+ 1is:ualifi&ation 'y interest. ?o &eposition shall be taken before a person ho is a relative ithin the sith &e'ree of

consan'uinity or affinity# or e%ployee or counsel of any of the parties#or ho is a relative ithin the sa%e &e'ree# or e%ployee of suchcounsel or ho is f inancially intereste& in the action. (-a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 1.+ Stipulations regarding ta/ing of depositions. !f the parties so stipulate in ritin'# &epositions %ay be taken before anyperson authorie& to a&%inister oaths# at any ti%e or place# in

accor&ance ith these ,ules an& hen so taken %ay be use& likeother &epositions. (-1a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 1/+1eposition upon oral e2amination noti&e time and pla&e.A party &esirin' to take the &eposition of any person upon oral

ea%ination shall 'ive reasonable notice in ritin'# to every other partyto the action. +he notice shall state the ti%e an& place for takin' the&eposition an& the na%e an& a&&ress of each person to be ea%ineif knon# an& if the na%e is not knon# a 'eneral &escription sufficientto i&entify hi% or the particular class or 'roup to hich he belon's. 7n%otion of any party upon ho% the notice is serve the court %ay forcause shon enlar'e or shorten the ti%e. (-5# ,21)

Se*t)o% 10+ )rders for the prote&tion of parties and deponents . After notice is serve& for takin' a &eposition by oral ea%ination# upon%otion seasonably %a&e by any party or by the person to be ea%ine&an& for 'oo& cause shon# the court in hich the action is pen&in'%ay %ake an or&er that the &eposition shall not be taken# or that it%ay be taken only at so%e &esi'nate& place other than that state& inthe notice# or that it %ay be taken only on ritten interro'atories# orthat certain %atters shall not be in


22/192

the officer takin' the &eposition# or to the %anner of talkin' it# or to theevi&ence presente or to the con&uct of any party# an& any otherob/ection to the procee&in's# shall be note& by the officer upon the&eposition. 4vi&ence ob/ecte& to shall be taken sub/ect to theob/ections. !n lieu of participatin' in the oral ea%ination# partiesserve& ith notice of takin' a &eposition %ay trans%it ritteninterro'atories to the officers# ho shall propoun& the% to the itnessan& recor& the ansers (er'atim. (-=# ,21)

Se*t)o% 13+ Motion to terminate or limit e2amination . At any ti%e &urin' the takin' of the &eposition# on %otion or petition of any party orof the &eponent# an& upon a shoin' that the ea%ination is bein'con&ucte& in ba& faith or in such %anner as unreasonably to annoy#e%barrass# or oppress the &eponent or party# the court in hich theaction is pen&in' or the ,e'ional +rial "ourt of the place here the&eposition is bein' taken %ay or&er the officer con&uctin' theea%ination to cease forthith fro% takin' the &eposition# or %ay li%itthe scope an& %anner of the takin' of the &eposition# as provi&e& insection -3 of this ,ule. !f the or&er %a&e ter%inates the ea%ination# it

shall be resu%e& thereafter only upon the or&er of the court in hichthe action is pen&in'. :pon &e%an& of the ob/ectin' party or &eponent#the takin' of the &eposition shall be suspen&e& for the ti%e necessaryto %ake a notice for an or&er. !n 'rantin' or refusin' such or&er# thecourt %ay i%pose upon either party or upon the itness there (f) ofthis ,ule# the court hol&s that the reasons 'iven for the refusal to si'nrea# ,21)

Se*t)o% 4+ Certifi&ation# and filing 'y offi&er. +he officer shall certify on the &eposition that the itness as &uly sorn to by hi% an&that the &eposition is a true recor& of the testi%ony 'iven by theitness. ;e shall then securely seal the &eposition in an envelopein&orse& ith the title of the action an& %arke& Eeposition of (hereinsert the na%e of itness) an& shall pro%ptly file it ith the court inhich the action is pen&in' or sen& it by re'istere& %ail to the clerkthereof for filin'. (20# ,21)

Se*t)o% 1+Noti&e of filing. +he officer takin' the &eposition shall 'ive pro%pt notice of its filin' to all the parties. (2-# ,21)

Se*t)o% + urnishing &opies. :pon pay%ent of reasonable char'es therefor# the officer shall furnish a copy of the &eposition toany party or to the &eponent. (22# ,21)

Se*t)o% -+ ailure to attend of party gi(ing noti&e . !f the party 'ivin' the notice of the takin' of a &eposition fails to atten& an&procee& thereith an& another atten&s in person or by counsel

pursuant to the notice# the court %ay or&er the party 'ivin' the noticeto pay such other party the a%ount of the reasonable epensesincurre& by hi% an& his counsel in so atten&in'# inclu&in' reasonableattorneyDs fees. (2a# ,21)

Se*t)o% .+ailure of party gi(ing noti&e to ser(e su'poena . !f the party 'ivin' the notice of the takin' of a &eposition of a itness fails toserve a subpoena upon hi% an& the itness because of such failure&oes not atten an& if another party atten&s in person or by counselbecause he epects the &eposition of that itness to be taken# thecourt %ay or&er the party 'ivin' the notice to pay to such other partythe a%ount of the reasonable epenses incurre& by hi% an& his

counsel in so atten&in'# inclu&in' reasonable attorneyDs fees. (21a#,21)

Se*t)o% /+1eposition upon %ritten interrogatories ser(i&e of noti&eand of interrogatories. A party &esirin' to take the &eposition of any person upon ritten interro'atories shall serve the% upon every otherparty ith a notice statin' the na%e an& a&&ress of the person ho isto anser the% an& the na%e or &escriptive title an& a&&ress of theofficer before ho% the &eposition is to be taken. 6ithin ten (-0) &aysthereafter# a party so serve& %ay serve cross9interro'atories upon theparty proposin' to take the &eposition. 6ithin five (5) &ays thereafter#the latter %ay serve re9&irect interro'atories upon a party ho has

serve& cross9interro'atories. 6ithin three () &ays after bein' serve&

22


23/192

ith re9&irect interro'atories# a party %ay serve recross9interro'atoriesupon the party proposin' to take the &eposition. (25# ,21)

Se*t)o% 0+)ffi&ers to ta/e responses and prepare re&ord. A copy of the notice an& copies of all interro'atories serve& shall be &elivere&by the party takin' the &eposition to the officer &esi'nate& in thenotice# ho shall procee& pro%ptly# in the %anner provi&e& by sections

-=# -> an& 20 of this ,ule# to take the testi%ony of the itness inresponse to the interro'atories an& to prepare# certify# an& file or %ailthe &eposition# attachin' thereto the copy of the notice an& theinterro'atories receive& by hi%. (23# ,21)

Se*t)o% 7+ Noti&e of filing and furnishing &opies. 6hen a &eposition upon interro'atories is file the officer takin' it shallpro%ptly 'ive notice thereof to all the parties# an& %ay furnish copiesto the% or to the &eponent upon pay%ent of reasonable char'estherefor. (2=# ,21)

Se*t)o% 3+)rder for the prote&tion of parties and deponents. After

the service of the interro'atories an& prior to the takin' of thetesti%ony of the &eponent# the court in hich the action is pen&in'# on%otion pro%ptly %a&e by a party or a &eponent# an& for 'oo& causeshon# %ay %ake any or&er specifie& in sections -5# -3 an& -8 of this,ule hich is appropriate an& /ust or an or&er that the &eposition shallnot be taken before the officer &esi'nate& in the notice or that it shallnot be taken ecept upon oral ea%ination. (28a# ,21)

Se*t)o% 9+ffe&t of errors and irregularities in depositions.

(a)As to noti&e. All errors an& irre'ularities in the notice for takin' a &eposition are aive& unless ritten ob/ection ispro%ptly serve& upon the party 'ivin' the notice.

(b) As to dis:ualifi&ation of offi&er. 7b/ection to takin' a &eposition because of &is


24/192

to establish by the propose& testi%ony an& his reasons for &esirin' toperpetuate it (&) the na%es or a &escription of the persons he epectsill be a&verse parties an& their a&&resses so far as knon an& (e)the na%es an& a&&resses of the persons to be ea%ine& an& thesubstance of the testi%ony hich he epects to elicit fro% each# an&shall ask for an or&er authoriin' the petitioner to take the &epositionsof the persons to be ea%ine& na%e& in the petition for the purpose ofperpetuatin' their testi%ony. (2# ,-1)

Se*t)o% -+Noti&e and ser(i&e. +he petitioner shall serve a notice upon each person na%e& in the petition as an epecte& a&verse party#to'ether ith a copy of the petition# statin' that the petitioner ill applyto the court# at a ti%e an& place na%e& therein# for the or&er &escribe&in the petition. At least tenty (20) &ays before the &ate of the hearin'#the court shall cause notice thereof to be serve& on the parties an&prospective &eponents in the %anner provi&e& for service of su%%ons.(a# ,-1)

Se*t)o% .+)rder and e2amination. !f the court is satisfie& that the

perpetuation of the testi%ony %ay prevent a failure or &elay of /ustice#it shall %ake an or&er &esi'natin' or &escribin' the persons hose&eposition %ay be taken an& specifyin' the sub/ect %atter of theea%ination an& hether the &epositions shall be taken upon oralea%ination or ritten interro'atories. +he &epositions %ay be taken inaccor&ance ith ,ule 2 before the hearin'. (1a# ,-1)

Se*t)o% /+Referen&e to &ourt. @or the purpose of applyin' ,ule 2 to &epositions for perpetuatin' testi%ony# each reference therein to thecourt in hich the action is pen&in' shall be &ee%e& to refer to thecourt in hich the petition for such &eposition as file&. (5a# ,-1)

Se*t)o% 0+ se of deposition. !f a &eposition to perpetuate testi%ony is taken un&er this ,ule# or if# althou'h not so taken# it oul&be a&%issible in evi&ence# it %ay be use& in any action involvin' thesa%e sub/ect %atter sub9se


25/192

Se*t)o% /+ S&ope and use of interrogatories. !nterro'atories %ay relate to any %atters that can be in


26/192

hich the action is pen&in' %ay in its &iscretion or&er hi% to sub%it toa physical or %ental ea%ination by a physician. (-)

Se*t)o% + )rder for e2amination. +he or&er for ea%ination %ay be %a&e only on %otion for 'oo& cause shon an& upon notice to theparty to be ea%ine& an& to all other parties# an& shall specify theti%e# place# %anner# con&itions an& scope of the ea%ination an& the

person or persons by ho% it is to be %a&e. (2)

Se*t)o% -+Report of findings. !f re


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action or procee&in' or any part thereof# or ren&erin' a/u&'%ent by &efault a'ainst the &isobe&ient party an&

(&) !n lieu of any of the fore'oin' or&ers or in a&&ition thereto#an or&er &irectin' the arrest of any party or a'ent of a party for&isobeyin' any of such or&ers ecept an or&er to sub%it to aphysical or %ental ea%ination. (a)

Se*t)o% .+ 2penses on refusal to admit. !f a party after bein' serve& ith a re>8)

Se*t)o% .+Re:uisites of motion to postpone trial for illness of party or&ounsel. A %otion to postpone a trial on the 'roun& of illness of a

party or counsel %ay be 'rante& if it appears upon affi&avit or sorncertification that the presence of such party or counsel at the trial isin&ispensable an& that the character of his illness is such as to ren&erhis non9atten&ance ecusable. (5a# ,22)

Se*t)o% /+)rder of trial. $ub/ect to the provisions of section 2 of ,ule -# an& unless the court for special reasons otherise &irects# thetrial shall be li%ite& to the issues state& in the pre9trial or&er an& shallprocee& as follos*

(a) +he plaintiff shall a&&uce evi&ence in support of hisco%plaint

(b) +he &efen&ant shall then a&&uce evi&ence in support of his&efense# counterclai%# cross9clai% an& thir&9party co%plaints

(c) +he thir&9party &efen&ant if any# shall a&&uce evi&ence ofhis &efense# counterclai%# cross9clai% an& fourth9partyco%plaint

(&) +he fourth9party# an& so forth# if any# shall a&&uce evi&enceof the %aterial facts plea&e& by the%

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(e) +he parties a'ainst ho% any counterclai% or cross9clai%has been plea&e shall a&&uce evi&ence in support of their&efense# in the or&er to be prescribe& by the court

(f) +he parties %ay then respectively a&&uce rebuttin'evi&ence only# unless the court# for 'oo& reasons an& in thefurtherance of /ustice# per%its the% to a&&uce evi&ence upon

their ori'inal case an&

(') :pon a&%ission of the evi&ence# the case shall be &ee%e&sub%itte& for &ecision# unless the court &irects the parties toar'ue or to sub%it their respective %e%oran&a or any furtherplea&in's.

!f several &efen&ants or thir&9party &efen&ants# an& so forth# havin'separate &efenses appear by &ifferent counsel# the court shall&eter%ine the relative or&er of presentation of their evi&ence. (-a# ,0)

Se*t)o% 0+Agreed statement of fa&ts. +he parties to any action %ay

a'ree# in ritin'# upon the facts involve& in the liti'ation# an& sub%itthe case for /u&'%ent on the facts a'ree& upon# ithout theintro&uction of evi&ence.

!f the parties a'ree only on so%e of the facts in issue# the trial shall behel& as to the &ispute& facts in such or&er as the court shall prescribe.(2a# ,0)

Se*t)o% 7+Statement of +udge. Eurin' the hearin' or trial of a case any state%ent %a&e by the /u&'e ith reference to the case# or to anyof the parties# itnesses or counsel# shall be %a&e of recor& in thesteno'raphic notes. (a# ,0)

Se*t)o% 3+Suspension of a&tions. +he suspension of actions shall be 'overne& by the provisions of the "ivil "o&e. (n)

Se*t)o% 9+*udge to re&ei(e e(iden&e delegation to &ler/ of &ourt. +he /u&'e of the court here the case is pen&in' shall personallyreceive the evi&ence to be a&&uce& by the parties. ;oever# in &efaultor e2 parte hearin's# an& in any case here the parties a'ree inritin'# the court %ay &ele'ate the reception of evi&ence to its clerk ofcourt ho is a %e%ber of the bar. +he clerk of court shall have nopoer to rule on ob/ections to any


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(b) 6hen the takin' of an account is necessary for theinfor%ation of the court before /u&'%ent# or for carryin' a

/u&'%ent or or&er into effect.

(c) 6hen a


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RULE --

De5urrer to E)e%*e

Se*t)o% 1+1emurrer to e(iden&e. After the plaintiff has co%plete& the presentation of his evi&ence# the &efen&ant %ay %ove for&is%issal on the 'roun& that upon the facts an& the la the plaintiff has

shon no ri'ht to relief. !f his %otion is &enie& he shall have the ri'ht topresent evi&ence. !f the %otion is 'rante& but on appeal the or&er of&is%issal is reverse& he shall be &ee%e& to have aive& the ri'ht topresent evi&ence. (-a# ,5)

RULE -.

"u65e%t o% the P'e&)%6s

Se*t)o% 1+ *udgment on the pleadings. 6here an anser fails to

ten&er an issue# or otherise a&%its the %aterial alle'ations of thea&verse partyDs plea&in'# the court %ay on %otion of that party# &irect

/u&'%ent on such plea&in'. ;oever# in actions for &eclaration ofnullity or annul%ent of %arria'e or for le'al separation# the %aterialfacts alle'e& in the co%plaint shall alays be prove&. (-a# ,->)

RULE -/

Su55&r2 "u65e%ts

Se*t)o% 1+ Summary +udgment for &laimant. A party seekin' to recover upon a clai%# counterclai%# or cross9clai% or to obtain a&eclaratory relief %ay# at any ti%e after the plea&in' in anser theretohas been serve %ove ith supportin' affi&avits# &epositions ora&%issions for a su%%ary /u&'%ent in his favor upon all or any partthereof. (-a# ,1)

Se*t)o% +Summary +udgment for defending party. A party a'ainst ho% a clai%# counterclai%# or cross9clai% is asserte& or a &eclaratoryrelief is sou'ht %ay# at any ti%e# %ove ith supportin' affi&avits#&epositions or a&%issions for a su%%ary /u&'%ent in his favor as to allor any part thereof. (2a# ,1)

Se*t)o% -+ Motion and pro&eedings thereon. +he %otion shall be serve& at least ten (-0) &ays before the ti%e specifie& for the hearin'.+he a&verse party %ay serve opposin' affi&avits# &epositions# ora&%issions at least three () &ays before the hearin'. After thehearin'# the /u&'%ent sou'ht shall be ren&ere& forthith if theplea&in's# supportin' affi&avits# &epositions# an& a&%issions on file#sho that# ecept as to the a%ount of &a%a'es# there is no 'enuineissue as to any %aterial fact an& that the %ovin' party is entitle& to a

/u&'%ent as a %atter of la. (a# ,1)

Se*t)o% .+Case not fully ad+udi&ated on motion. !f on %otion un&er this ,ule# /u&'%ent is not ren&ere& upon the hole case or for all thereliefs sou'ht an& a trial is necessary# the court at the hearin' of the%otion# by ea%inin' the plea&in's an& the evi&ence before it an& byinterro'atin' counsel shall ascertain hat %aterial facts eist ithoutsubstantial controversy an& hat are actually an& in 'oo& faithcontroverte&. !t shall thereupon %ake an or&er specifyin' the facts thatappear ithout substantial controversy# inclu&in' the etent to hichthe a%ount of &a%a'es or other relief is not in controversy# an&&irectin' such further procee&in's in the action as are /ust. +he factsso specifie& shall be &ee%e& establishe an& the trial shall becon&ucte& on the controverte& facts accor&in'ly. (1a# ,1)

Se*t)o% /+ orm of affida(its and supporting papers . $upportin' an& opposin' affi&avits shall be %a&e on personal knole&'e# shallset forth such facts as oul& be a&%issible in evi&ence# an& shallsho affir%atively that the affiant is co%petent to testify to the %attersstate& therein. "ertifie& true copies of all papers or parts thereofreferre& to in the affi&avit shall be attache& thereto or serve& thereith.(5a# ,1)

Se*t)o% 0+Affida(its in 'ad faith. $houl& it appear to its satisfaction at any ti%e that any of the affi&avits presente& pursuant to this ,uleare presente& in ba& faith# or solely for the purpose of &elay# the courtshall forthith or&er the offen&in' party or counsel to pay to the otherparty the a%ount of the reasonable epenses hich the filin' of theaffi&avits cause& hi% to incur inclu&in' attorneyDs fees# it %ay# afterhearin' further a&/u&'e the offen&in' party or counsel 'uilty ofconte%pt. (3a# ,1)

RULE -0

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"u65e%ts, F)%&' Orers &% E%tr2 Thereof

Se*t)o% 1+Rendition of +udgments and final orders. A /u&'%ent or final or&er &eter%inin' the %erits of the case shall be in ritin'personally an& &irectly prepare& by the /u&'e# statin' clearly an&&istinctly the facts an& the la on hich it is base si'ne& by hi%# an&file& ith the clerk of the court. (-a)

Se*t)o% + ntry of +udgments and final orders . !f no appeal or %otion for ne trial or reconsi&eration is file& ithin the ti%e provi&e&in these ,ules# the /u&'%ent or final or&er shall forthith be entere& bythe clerk in the book of entries of /u&'%ents. +he &ate of finality of the

/u&'%ent or final or&er shall be &ee%e& to be the &ate of its entry. +herecor& shall contain the &ispositive part of the /u&'%ent or final or&eran& shall be si'ne& by the clerk# ithin a certificate that such /u&'%entor final or&er has beco%e final an& eecutory. (2a# -0# ,5-)

Se*t)o% -+*udgment for or against one or more of se(eral parties. Ju&'%ent %ay be 'iven for or a'ainst one or %ore of several plaintiffs

an& for or a'ainst one or %ore of several &efen&ants. 6hen /ustice so&e%an&s# the court %ay re Tr)&' or Re*o%s)er&t)o%s

Se*t)o% 1+ rounds of and period for filing motion for ne% trial orre&onsideration. 6ithin the perio& for takin' an appeal# the a''rieve& party %ay %ove the trial court to set asi&e the /u&'%ent orfinal or&er an& 'rant a ne trial for one or %ore of the folloin' causes%aterially affectin' the substantial ri'hts of sai& party*

(a) @rau acci&ent# %istake or ecusable ne'li'ence hichor&inary pru&ence coul& not have 'uar&e& a'ainst an& byreason of hich such a''rieve& party has probably beeni%paire& in his ri'hts or

(b) ?ely &iscovere& evi&ence# hich he coul& not# ithreasonable &ili'ence# have &iscovere& an& pro&uce& at thetrial# an& hich if presente& oul& probably alter the result.

6ithin the sa%e perio the a''rieve& party %ay also %ove forreconsi&eration upon the 'roun&s that the &a%a'es aar&e& areecessive# that the evi&ence is insufficient to /ustify the &ecision or finalor&er# or that the &ecision or final or&er is contrary to la. (-a)

Se*t)o% + Contents of motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration and

noti&e thereof. +he %otion shall be %a&e in ritin' statin' the 'roun& or 'roun&s therefor# a ritten notice of hich shall be serve& bythe %ovant on the a&verse party.

A %otion for ne trial shall be prove& in the %anner provi&e& for proofof %otion. A %otion for the cause %entione& in para'raph (a) of theprece&in' section shall be supporte& by affi&avits of %erits hich %aybe rebutte& by affi&avits. A %otion for the cause %entione& inpara'raph (b) shall be supporte& by affi&avits of the itnesses byho% such evi&ence is epecte& to be 'iven# or by &uly authenticate&&ocu%ents hich are propose& to be intro&uce& in evi&ence.

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A %otion for reconsi&eration shall point out a specifically the fin&in's orconclusions of the /u&'%ent or final or&er hich are not supporte& bythe evi&ence or hich are contrary to la %akin' epress reference tothe testi%onial or &ocu%entary evi&ence or to the provisions of laalle'e& to be contrary to such fin&in's or conclusions.

Apro forma%otion for ne trial or reconsi&eration shall not toll the

re'le%entary perio& of appeal. (2a)

Se*t)o% -+A&tion upon motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration. +he trial court %ay set asi&e the /u&'%ent or final or&er an& 'rant a netrial# upon such ter%s as %ay be /ust# or %ay &eny the %otion. !f thecourt fin&s that ecessive &a%a'es have been aar&e& or that the

/u&'%ent or final or&er is contrary to the evi&ence or la# it %ay a%en&such /u&'%ent or final or&er accor&in'ly. (a)

Se*t)o% .+ Resolution of motion. A %otion for ne trial or reconsi&eration shall be resolve& ithin thirty (0) &ays fro% the ti%e itis sub%itte& for resolution. (n)

Se*t)o% /+Se&ond motion for ne% trial. A %otion for ne trial shall inclu&e all 'roun&s then available an& those not so inclu&e& shall be&ee%e& aive&. A secon& %otion for ne trial# base& on a 'roun& noteistin' nor available hen the first %otion as %a&e# %ay be file&ithin the ti%e herein provi&e& eclu&in' the ti%e &urin' hich the first%otion ha& been pen&in'.

?o party shall be alloe& a secon& %otion for reconsi&eration of a/u&'%ent or final or&er (1a# 1# !,)

Se*t)o% 0+ffe&t of granting of motion for ne% trial. !f a ne trial is 'rante& in accor&ance ith the provisions of this ,ules the ori'inal

/u&'%ent or final or&er shall be vacate an& the action shall stan& fortrial de no(o but the recor&e& evi&ence taken upon the for%er trial#insofar as the sa%e is %aterial an& co%petent to establish the issues#shall be use& at the ne trial ithout retakin' the sa%e. (5a)

Se*t)o% 7+Partial ne% trial or re&onsideration. !f the 'roun&s for a %otion un&er this ,ule appear to the court to affect the issues as toonly a part# or less than an of the %atter in controversy# or only one# orless than all# of the parties to it# the court %ay or&er a ne trial or 'rantreconsi&eration as to such issues if severable ithout interferin' ith

the /u&'%ent or final or&er upon the rest. (3a)

Se*t)o% 3+ffe&t of order for partial ne% trial. 6hen less than all of the issues are or&ere& retrie the court %ay either enter a /u&'%ent orfinal or&er as to the rest# or stay the enforce%ent of such /u&'%ent orfinal or&er until after the ne trial. (=a)

Se*t)o% 9+ Remedy against order denying a motion for ne% trial orre&onsideration. An or&er &enyin' a %otion for ne trial or

reconsi&eration is not appeale the re%e&y bein' an appeal fro% the/u&'%ent or final or&er. (n)

RULE -3

Re')ef fro5 "u65e%ts, Orers, or Other Pro*ee)%6s

Se*t)o% 1+ Petition for relief from +udgment# order# or otherpro&eedings. 6hen a /u&'%ent or final or&er is entere or any other procee&in' is thereafter taken a'ainst a party in any courtthrou'h frau acci&ent# %istake# or ecusable ne'li'ence# he %ay filea petition in such court an& in the sa%e case prayin' that the

/u&'%ent# or&er or procee&in' be set asi&e. (2a)

Se*t)o% + Petition for relief from denial of appeal. 6hen a /u&'%ent or final or&er is ren&ere& by any court in a case# an& a partythereto# by frau acci&ent# %istake# or ecusable ne'li'ence# hasbeen prevente& fro% takin' an appeal# he %ay file a petition in suchcourt an& in the sa%e case prayin' that the appeal be 'iven &uecourse. (-a)

Se*t)o% -+ #ime for filing petition &ontents and (erifi&ation. A petition provi&e& for in either of the prece&in' sections of this ,ule%ust be verifie file& ithin sity (30) &ays after the petitioner learns ofthe /u&'%ent# final or&er# or other procee&in' to be set asi&e# an& not%ore than si (3) %onths after such /u&'%ent or final or&er asentere or such procee&in' as taken# an& %ust be acco%panie&ith affi&avits shoin' the frau acci&ent# %istake# or ecusablene'li'ence relie& upon# an& the facts constitutin' the petitionerDs 'oo&an& substantial cause of action or &efense# as the case %ay be. ()

Se*t)o% .+)rder to file an ans%er. !f the petition is sufficient in for% an& substance to /ustify relief# the court in hich it is file shall issue

an or&er re


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such %anner as the court %ay &irect# to'ether ith copies of thepetition an& the acco%panyin' affi&avits. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+Preliminary in+un&tion pending pro&eedings. +he court in hich the petition is file& %ay 'rant such preli%inary in/unction as %aybe necessary for the preservation of the ri'hts of the parties# upon thefilin' by the petitioner of a bon& in favor of the a&verse party#con&itione& that if the petition is &is%isse& or the petitioner fails on thetrial of the case upon its %erits# he ill pay the a&verse party all&a%a'es an& costs that %ay be aar&e& to hi% by reason of theissuance of such in/unction or the other procee&in's folloin' thepetition# but such in/unction shall not operate to &ischar'e or etin'uishany lien hich the a&verse party %ay have ac


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staye& by an appeal taken therefro%# unless otherise or&ere& by thetrial court. 7n appeal therefro%# the appellate court in its &iscretion%ay %ake an or&er suspen&in'# %o&ifyin'# restorin' or 'rantin' thein/unction# receivership# accountin'# or aar& of support.

+he stay of eecution shall be upon such ter%s as to bon& orotherise as %ay be consi&ere& proper for the security or protection ofthe ri'hts of the a&verse party. (1a)

Se*t)o% /+ ffe&t of re(ersal of e2e&uted +udgment. 6here the eecute& /u&'%ent is reverse& totally or partially# or annulle onappeal or otherise# the trial court %ay# on %otion# issue such or&ersof restitution or reparation of &a%a'es as e


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authorie& representative if present at the ti%e of pay%ent.+he laful fees shall be han&e& un&er proper receipt to theeecutin' sheriff ho shall turn over the sai& a%ount ithin thesa%e &ay to the clerk of court of the court that issue& the rit.

!f the /u&'%ent obli'ee or his authorie& representative is notpresent to receive pay%ent# the /u&'%ent obli'or shall &eliverthe aforesai& pay%ent to the eecutin' sheriff. +he latter shallturn over all the a%ounts co%in' into his possession ithin thesa%e &ay to the clerk of court of the court that issue& the rit#or if the sa%e is not practicable# &eposit sai& a%ounts to afi&uciary account in the nearest 'overn%ent &epository bank ofthe ,e'ional +rial "ourt of the locality.

+he clerk of sai& court shall thereafter arran'e for there%ittance of the &eposit to the account of the court that issue&the rit hose clerk of court shall then &eliver sai& pay%ent tothe /u&'%ent obli'ee in satisfaction of the /u&'%ent. +heecess# if any# shall be &elivere& to the /u&'%ent obli'or hile

the laful fees shall be retaine& by the clerk of court for&isposition as provi&e& by la. !n no case shall the eecutin'sheriff &e%an& that any pay%ent by check be %a&e payable tohi%.

(b) Satisfa&tion 'y le(y. !f the /u&'%ent obli'or cannot pay all or part of the obli'ation in cash# certifie& bank check orother %o&e of pay%ent acceptable to the /u&'%ent obli'ee#the officer shall levy upon the properties of the /u&'%entobli'or of every kin& an& nature hatsoever hich %ay be&ispose of for value an& not otherise ee%pt fro%eecution 'ivin' the latter the option to i%%e&iately choose

hich property or part thereof %ay be levie& upon# sufficient tosatisfy the /u&'%ent. !f the /u&'%ent obli'or &oes not eercisethe option# the officer shall first levy on the personal properties#if any# an& then on the real properties if the personal propertiesare insufficient to anser for the /u&'%ent.

+he sheriff shall sell only a sufficient portion of the personal orreal property of the /u&'%ent obli'or hich has been levie&upon.

6hen there is %ore property of the /u&'%ent obli'or than issufficient to satisfy the /u&'%ent an& laful fees# he %ust sell

only so %uch of the personal or real property as is sufficient tosatisfy the /u&'%ent an& laful fees.

,eal property# stocks# shares# &ebts# cre&its# an& otherpersonal property# or any interest in either real or personalproperty# %ay be levie& upon in like %anner an& ith like effectas un&er a rit of attach%ent.

(c) arnishment of de'ts and &redits. +he officer %ay levy on &ebts &ue the /u&'%ent obli'or an& other cre&its# inclu&in'bank &eposits# financial interests# royalties# co%%issions an&other personal property not capable of %anual &elivery in thepossession or control of thir& parties. Fevy shall be %a&e byservin' notice upon the person oin' such &ebts or havin' inhis possession or control such cre&its to hich the /u&'%entobli'or is entitle&. +he 'arnish%ent shall cover only sucha%ount as ill satisfy the /u&'%ent an& all laful fees.

+he 'arnishee shall %ake a ritten report to the court ithin

five (5) &ays fro% service of the notice of 'arnish%ent statin'hether or not the /u&'%ent obli'or has sufficient fun&s orcre&its to satisfy the a%ount of the /u&'%ent. !f not# the reportshall state ho %uch fun&s or cre&its the 'arnishee hol&s forthe /u&'%ent obli'or. +he 'arnishe& a%ount in cash# orcertifie& bank check issue& in the na%e of the /u&'%entobli'ee# shall be &elivere& &irectly to the /u&'%ent obli'eeithin ten (-0) orkin' &ays fro% service of notice on sai&'arnishee re


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(a) Con(eyan&e# deli(ery of deeds# or other spe&ifi& a&ts(esting title. !f a /u&'%ent &irects a party to eecute a conveyance of lan& or personal property# or to &eliver &ee&s orother &ocu%ents# or to perfor%# any other specific act inconnection thereith# an& the party fails to co%ply ithin theti%e specifie the court %ay &irect the act to be &one at thecost of the &isobe&ient party by so%e other person appointe&by the court an& the act hen so &one shall have like effect as

if &one by the party. !f real or personal property is situate&ithin the Philippines# the court in lieu of &irectin' aconveyance thereof %ay by an or&er &ivest the title of anyparty an& vest it in others# hich shall have the force an& effectof a conveyance eecute& in &ue for% of la. (-0a)

(b) Sale of real or personal property. !f the /u&'%ent be for the sale of real or personal property# to sell such property#&escribin' it# an& apply the procee&s in confor%ity ith the

/u&'%ent. (8BcCa)

(c) 1eli(ery or restitution of real property. +he officer shall

&e%an& of the person a'ainst ho% the /u&'%ent for the&elivery or restitution of real property is ren&ere& an& allpersons clai%in' ri'hts un&er hi% to peaceably vacate theproperty ithin three () orkin' &ays# an& restore possessionthereof to the /u&'%ent obli'ee# otherise# the officer shalloust all such persons therefro% ith the assistance# ifnecessary# of appropriate peace officers# an& e%ployin' such%eans as %ay be reasonably necessary to retake possession#an& place the /u&'%ent obli'ee in possession of suchproperty. Any costs# &a%a'es# rents or profits aar&e& by the

/u&'%ent shall be satisfie& in the sa%e %anner as a /u&'%entfor %oney. (-a)

(&) Remo(al of impro(ements on property su'+e&t of e2e&ution.6hen the property sub/ect of the eecution contains

i%prove%ents constructe& or plante& by the /u&'%ent obli'oror his a'ent# the officer shall not &estroy# &e%olish or re%ovesai& i%prove%ents ecept upon special or&er of the court#issue& upon %otion of the /u&'%ent obli'ee after the hearin'an& after the for%er has faile& to re%ove the sa%e ithin areasonable ti%e fie& by the court. (-1a)

(e) 1eli(ery of personal property. !n /u&'%ent for the

&elivery of personal property# the officer shall take possession

of the sa%e an& forthith &eliver it to the party entitle& theretoan& satisfy any /u&'%ent for %oney as therein provi&e&. (8a)

Se*t)o% 11+ 2e&ution of spe&ial +udgments. 6hen a /u&'%ent rea)

Se*t)o% 1+ffe&t of le(y on e2e&ution as to third person . +he levy on eecution shall create a lien in favor of the /u&'%ent obli'ee overthe ri'ht# title an& interest of the /u&'%ent obli'or in such property atthe ti%e of the levy# sub/ect to liens an& encu%brances then eistin'.(-3a)

Se*t)o% 1-+Property e2empt from e2e&ution. 4cept as otherise

epressly provi&e& by la# the folloin' property# an& no other# shallbe ee%pt fro% eecution*

(a) +he /u&'%ent obli'orDs fa%ily ho%e as provi&e& by la# orthe ho%estea& in hich he resi&es# an& lan& necessarily use&in connection thereith

(b) 7r&inary tools an& i%ple%ents personally use& by hi% inhis tra&e# e%ploy%ent# or livelihoo&

(c) +hree horses# or three cos# or three carabaos# or otherbeasts of bur&en# such as the /u&'%ent obli'or %ay selectnecessarily use& by hi% in his or&inary occupation

(&) ;is necessary clothin' an& articles for or&inary personaluse# eclu&in' /eelry

(e) ;ousehol& furniture an& utensils necessary forhousekeepin'# an& use& for that purpose by the /u&'%entobli'or an& his fa%ily# such as the /u&'%ent obli'or %ayselect# of a value not ecee&in' one hun&re& thousan& pesos

(f) Provisions for in&ivi&ual or fa%ily use sufficient for four

%onths

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(') +he professional libraries an& e


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levy an& copy thereof# statin' the 'roun&s of such ri'ht or tittle# an& aserves the sa%e upon the officer %akin' the levy an& a copy thereofupon the /u&'%ent obli'ee# the officer shall not be boun& to keep theproperty# unless such /u&'%ent obli'ee# on &e%an& of the officer# filesa bon& approve& by the court to in&e%nity the thir&9party clai%ant in asu% not less than the value of the property levie& on. !n case of&isa'ree%ent as to such value# the sa%e shall be &eter%ine& by thecourt issuin' the rit of eecution. ?o clai% for &a%a'es for the takin'

or keepin' of the property %ay be enforce& a'ainst the bon& unlessthe action therefor is file& ithin one hun&re& tenty (-20) &ays fro%the &ate of the filin' of the bon&.

+he officer shall not be liable for &a%a'es for the takin' or keepin' ofthe property# to any thir&9party clai%ant if such bon& is file&. ?othin'herein containe& shall prevent such clai%ant or any thir& person fro%vin&icatin' his clai% to the property in a separate action# or prevent the

/u&'%ent obli'ee fro% clai%in' &a%a'es in the sa%e or a separateaction a'ainst a thir&9party clai%ant ho file& a frivolous or plainlyspurious clai%.

6hen the rit of eecution is issue& in favor of the ,epublic of thePhilippines# or any officer &uly representin' it# the filin' of such bon&shall not be re


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Se*t)o% -+Con(eyan&e to pur&haser of personal property &apa'le ofmanual deli(ery. 6hen the purchaser of any personal property# capable of %anual &elivery# pays the purchase price# the officer%akin' the sale %ust &eliver the property to the purchaser an if&esire eecute an& &eliver to hi% a certificate of sale. +he saleconveys to the purchaser all the ri'hts hich the /u&'%ent obli'or ha&in such property as of the &ate of the levy on eecution or preli%inaryattach%ent. (25a)

Se*t)o% .+ Con(eyan&e to pur&haser of personal property not&apa'le of manual deli(ery. 6hen the purchaser of any personal property# not capable of %anual &elivery# pays the purchase price# theofficer %akin' the sale %ust eecute an& &eliver to the purchaser acertificate of sale. $uch certificate conveys to the purchaser all theri'hts hich the /u&'%ent obli'or ha& in such property as of the &ate ofthe levy on eecution or preli%inary attach%ent. (23a)

Se*t)o% /+ Con(eyan&e of real property &ertifi&ate thereof gi(en topur&haser and filed %ith registry of deeds. :pon a sale of real

property# the officer %ust 'ive to the purchaser a certificate of salecontainin'*

(a) A particular &escription of the real property sol&

(b) +he price pai& for each &istinct lot or parcel

(c) +he hole price pai& by hi%

(&) A state%ent that the ri'ht of re&e%ption epires one (-)year fro% the &ate of the re'istration of the certificate of sale.

$uch certificate %ust be re'istere& in the re'istry of &ee&s of the placehere the property is situate&. (2= a)

Se*t)o% 0+Certifi&ate of sale %here property &laimed 'y third person.6hen a property sol& by virtue of a rit of eecution has been

clai%e& by a thir& person# the certificate of sale to be issue& by thesheriff pursuant to sections 2# 21 an& 25 of this ,ule shall %akeepress %ention of the eistence of such thir&9party clai%. (28a)

Se*t)o% 7+ho may redeem real property so sold. ,eal property sol& as provi&e& in the last prece&in' section# or any part thereof sol&

separately# %ay be re&ee%e& in the %anner hereinafter provi&e bythe folloin' persons*

(a) +he /u&'%ent obli'or or his successor in interest in thehole or any part of the property

(b) A cre&itor havin' a lien by virtue of an attach%ent#

/u&'%ent or %ort'a'e on the property sol or on so%e partthereof# subse


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the officer an& file& ith the re'istry of &ee&s if such notice be notfile the property %ay be re&ee%e& ithout payin' suchassess%ents# taes# or liens. (0a)

Se*t)o% 9+ffe&t of redemption 'y +udgment o'ligor# and a &ertifi&ateto 'e deli(ered and re&orded thereupon to %hom payments onredemption made. !f the /u&'%ent obli'or re&ee%s he %ust %ake the sa%e pay%ents as are re


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an& effect as an ori'inal /u&'%ent oul& have as of the &ate of therevival an& no %ore. (3a)

Se*t)o% -/+Right to &ontri'ution or reim'ursement. 6hen property liable to an eecution a'ainst several persons is sol& thereon# an&%ore than a &ue proportion of the /u&'%ent is satisfie& out of theprocee&s of the sale of the property of one of the%# or one of the%pays# ithout a sale# %ore than his proportion# he %ay co%pel acontribution fro% the others an& hen a /u&'%ent is upon anobli'ation of one of the%# as security for another# an& the surety paysthe a%ount# or any part thereof# either by sale of his property or beforesale# he %ay co%pel repay%ent fro% the principal. (=a)

Se*t)o% -0+ 2amination of +udgment o'ligor %hen +udgmentunsatisfied. 6hen the return of a rit of eecution issue& a'ainst property of a /u&'%ent obli'or# or any one of several obli'ors in thesa%e /u&'%ent# shos that the /u&'%ent re%ains unsatisfie in holeor in part# the /u&'%ent obli'ee# at any ti%e after such return is %a&e#shall be entitle& to an or&er fro% the court hich ren&ere& the sai&

/u&'%ent# re of this ,ule# an& the sheriffDs receipt shall be a sufficient &ischar'e

for the a%ount so pai& or &irecte& to be cre&ite& by the /u&'%entobli'ee on the eecution. (1-a)

Se*t)o% .4+ )rder for appli&ation of property and in&ome tosatisfa&tion of +udgment. +he court %ay or&er any property of the

/u&'%ent obli'or# or %oney &ue hi%# not ee%pt fro% eecution# in thehan&s of either hi%self or another person# or of a corporation or other

/uri&ical entity# to be applie& to the satisfaction of the /u&'%ent# sub/ectto any prior ri'hts over such property.

!f# upon investi'ation of his current inco%e an& epenses# it appears

that the earnin's of the /u&'%ent obli'or for his personal services are%ore than necessary for the support of his fa%ily# the court %ay or&erthat he pay the /u&'%ent in fie& %onthly install%ents# an& upon hisfailure to pay any such install%ent hen &ue ithout 'oo& ecuse#%ay punish hi% for in&irect conte%pt. (12a)

Se*t)o% .1+Appointment of re&ei(er. +he court %ay appoint a receiver of the property of the /u&'%ent obli'or an& it %ay also forbi&a transfer or other &isposition of# or any interference ith# the propertyof the /u&'%ent obli'or not ee%pt fro% eecution. (1a)

Se*t)o% .+Sale of as&ertaina'le interest of +udgment o'ligor in real

estate. !f it appears that the /u&'%ent obli'or has an interest in real

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estate in the place in hich procee&in's are ha as %ort'a'or or%ort'a'ee or other9 ise# an& his interest therein can be ascertaine&ithout controversy the receiver %ay be or&ere& to sell an& conveysuch real estate or the interest of the obli'or therein an& such saleshall be con&ucte& in all respects in the sa%e %anner as is provi&e&for the sale of real state upon eecution# an& the procee&in's thereonshall be approve& by the court before the eecution of the &ee&. (1a)

Se*t)o% .-+ Pro&eedings %hen inde'tedness denied or anotherperson &laims the property. !f it appears that a person or corporation# alle'e& to have property of the /u&'%ent obli'or or to bein&ebte& to hi%# clai%s an interest in the property a&verse to hi% or&enie& the &ebt# the court %ay authorie# by an or&er %a&e to thateffect# the /u&'%ent obli'ee to institute an action a'ainst such personor corporation for the recovery of such interest or &ebt# forbi& a transferor other &isposition of such interest or &ebt ithin one hun&re& tenty(-20) &ays fro% notice of the or&er# an& %ay punish &isobe&ience ofsuch or&er

Phil Rules of Court

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Transcript of Phil Rules of Court