Phil Ecosys
-
Upload
grace-maribao -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Phil Ecosys
![Page 1: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 1/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
The
Philippine
Ecosyste
m
![Page 2: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 2/46
m
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
9
Divisions1. Forest
2. Marginal
3. Agricultural
4. Urban5. Freshwater
6. Mangrove7. Seagrass8. Coral
9. Soft-bottom
![Page 3: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 3/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Forest Ecosystem
- most diverse of all ecosystems
- presence of various forms of living organisms and cycling
of non-living matter
![Page 4: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 4/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
![Page 5: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 5/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Philippine Forest
![Page 6: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 6/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Composition of
forest:- trees, shrubs and herbs
- microorganisms
- animals
- soil and abiotic components
![Page 7: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 7/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Function of forest:- cycles of minerals and
elements occur abundantly
- habitat to various life forms
- soil stability- source of firewood charcoal,
weaving materials, food, andother products
![Page 8: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 8/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Factors that lead to
forest loss:- land classification and
distribution
- development patterns of thecountry
- government policiestowards exploitation-
![Page 9: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 9/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Causes of
Deforestation/ ForestDestruction- illegal logging
- forest fires
- natural calamities
- conversion to agriculturallands
- human settlements
![Page 10: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 10/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Main Causes:
- urbanization
- increasing populationpressure
![Page 11: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 11/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Marginal Ecosystem
- personal - inducedecosystem
- human converted forests,cropland, and coastal areas
into agricultural land forfarming purposes
![Page 12: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 12/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Marginal lands
![Page 13: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 13/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Marginal lands
![Page 14: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 14/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Agriculturalecosystem
-
serves as the backbone of the Philippine economy
Modernization of agriculrtural system
- use of pesticides and fertilizers
- use of high-yielding varieties
![Page 15: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 15/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Agricultural
![Page 16: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 16/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Agricultural
![Page 17: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 17/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
HYV technology effects onthe agro-ecological system:
- destruction of soil structure- depletion of micronutrients
and soil nutritional substance- loss of genetic biodiversity-
chemical contamination andpoisoning
- surface erosion
![Page 18: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 18/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Agricultural
![Page 19: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 19/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Urban System- centers of human settlements
with supportservices
- seat of government,commerce,trade, social services, andentertainment
- 286 urban centers ( 66 cities,160 municipalities)
![Page 20: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 20/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
UrbanSystems
![Page 21: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 21/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Urban System
d l i
![Page 22: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 22/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Poverty and PopulationWaste Problem
PollutionLead – affects brain tissues,
impairs learning, causesmental retardationCarbon monoxide & nitrogendioxide – affects heart, brain,
lungs, eyes, may lead todeathSulfur oxides – from industry
Pesticides /
h
![Page 23: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 23/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Freshwaterecosystem
- inland bodies of flowingwater (streams, rivers)
- standing water (lakes,reservoirs, ponds)
- human-made water
impoundments
![Page 24: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 24/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Freshwater
- part of the hydrosphere butwithin the lithosphere
![Page 25: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 25/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Pond
I
![Page 26: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 26/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Importance :- convenient and cheapestsource of water for domesticand industrial
- serves as “bottle check” inthe water cycle
- provides economic andcheapest waste disposalsystem- resource base for agriculture
and tourism
![Page 27: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 27/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Status of Freshwater in
the Philippines- outside Metro manila and in
other parts of LuzViMinda arepolluted in varying degrees
- ex. Angat, Pasig rivers
![Page 28: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 28/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Coastal ecosystem
- mangrove, sea grass,coral ecosystems
- located within marinewaters
- distinct in tropical andsubtropical regions
![Page 29: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 29/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Issues affecting theCoastal ecosystem
- pollution
- siltation
- depletion anddegradation of resources
![Page 30: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 30/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Mangrove
Ecosystem- located in the brackish
waters (salty and muddy)with woody tree species
- forest ecosystem locatedwithin the coastal area
![Page 31: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 31/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Mangroves
- provides food and shelter tovarious marine life
![Page 32: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 32/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Mangroves
- provides aesthetic,
education, and scientificvalues to humans
![Page 33: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 33/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Mangroves
- provides physical barrier to
storms, soil erosion, andpollutants
![Page 34: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 34/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Sea grass
- source of food plant-eatinganimals such as sea cow or“Dugong”, sea urchins,
turtles, other fishes
-
![Page 35: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 35/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Sea grass
- shading effect; as
sediment trap; reduceswater movement
![Page 36: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 36/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Sea grass
- stabilizes the
bottom
S
![Page 37: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 37/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Sea grass
- attachment for algae
![Page 38: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 38/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
Coral Reef
Ecosystem- biologically productivenatural communities
- provides area for recreation
and tourism
![Page 39: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 39/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Corals
- protects coastal villages( shoreline; acts as self-
repairing breakwater
![Page 40: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 40/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Coral reef situation:
5-6% excellent condition
![Page 41: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 41/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Soft-bottom
ecosystem
- as open sea beyond lightpenetration from a depth of 50m up to more than
10,000m deep
![Page 42: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 42/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Soft-bottom
ecosystem
- dependent on floatingplanktons and decomposers
![Page 43: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 43/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Island Ecosystem
Advantages
- clear boundaries- developed balancebetween size and
species number
- independent ecological
unit
I l d
![Page 44: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 44/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Islands
![Page 45: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 45/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/15/12
T
Islands
disadvantages
![Page 46: Phil Ecosys](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022021220/577d1e3d1a28ab4e1e8e0a8c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
7/31/2019 Phil Ecosys
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phil-ecosys 46/46
Click to edit Master subtitle style
T
disadvantages
- shows a fast species turnover
- exotic species introductionmay/can be disastrous to the
island’s plants and animals
- cannot contain and protect
anything like a wide range of species found in the mainlandin the same area