Measurements of thermal photons and the dielectron continuum with PHENIX
PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements
description
Transcript of PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements
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Heavy Quark Workshop 2010
PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements
Rachid Nouicer
Brookhaven National Laboratory
For the PHENIX Collaboration
International Workshop on Heavy Quark Production in Heavy-ion Collisions
Purdue University, January 4-6, 2011
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At this workshop, for more recent results and present detector status from PHENIX: Title “PHENIX Open Heavy Flavor Measurements”
Speaker: I. Garishvilli for the PHENIX Collaboration
Title: “PHENIX Heavy Quarkonia Measurements”
Speaker: B. Kim for the PHENIX collaboration
Title: “Status of PHENIX VTX Detector”
Speaker: M. Kurosawa for the PHENIX collaboration
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Outline Heavy Flavor as Probe for the QGP PHENIX Detector Capabilities for Heavy Flavor Heavy Flavor Measurement Results
jet energy loss collective flow comparison to recent pQCD model calculations
PHENIX Detector Upgrade: Motivation and Status present: VTX near future: FVTX future: sPHENIX
Summary
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PHENIX measures open heavy flavor indirectly via semi-leptonic decays
Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in PHENIX
Measure spectrum of all electrons
Subtract photonic electrons using cocktail of known (measured) sources:
conversions, Dalitz decays of 0 and etc.
Additional subtraction of quarkonia contribution
Cross-check of photonic contribution by inserting converter
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Electron Measurement in the PHENIX (up to Run 10)
Central Arms: hadrons, photons, electron 0.35 ≤ ≤ 0.35;
pe > 0.2 GeV/c;
= 2 arms × /2;
charged particle tracking analysis using
DC and PC.Electron identification based on:
Ring Imaging Cerenkov detector (RICH);
Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal).
Forward rapidity arms: muons 1.2 ≤ | | ≤ 2.4
pµ > 1.0 GeV/c
= 2
µ-Magnets and µ-Identifier steel absorb
hadrons, -rejection
µ-Tracker reconstructs trajectories and
determines momentum.
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Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in p + p Collisions
PRL 97, 252002 (2006)Single electrons (|y| < 0.35)
PRD 76, 09002 (2007)Single muons (1.4 < y < 1.9)
Derived charm cross-section from single electrons: 567 ± 57 (stat) ± 224(sys) b Mid-rapidity measurement is in agreement with pQCD calculations Measurement at the forward rapidity agrees for pT > 3 GeV/c, where B/S is better
p + p
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Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in Au + Au Collisions
PRL 98, 172301 (2007)Single electrons (|y| < 0.35)
Strong suppression in high pT
(pT > 3.0 GeV) shows large energy
loss and hence provides strong evidence for the coupling of heavy quarks to the produced medium.
PRL 98, 172301 (2007) Same method as in p + p Heavy flavor electrons from Au + Au Compared to Ncoll scaled p + p (FONLL x 1.71)
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Heavy Flavor Hadron Energy Loss and Flow
Suppression is flat at high pT
Heavy quarks suppressed the same as light quarks, and they flow, but less.
Collective behavior is apparent in heavy-flavor electrons (v2 (HF) > 0); but however, it is lower than v2
of 0 for pT > 2 GeV/c.
The variety and precision of results keep expanding, revealing interesting features
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Simultaneously reproduction of both RAA and v2 for the same set of inputs in pQCD formalism for the highest RHIC energy
Das and Alam, arXiv-1008.2643
Das, Alam and Mohanty ,PRC, 82,014908,2010
Heavy Flavor Hadron Energy Loss and FlowpQCD model calculations: RAA and V2 in Au+Au at 200 GeV
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High statistics measurement of J/ in AuAu in wide rapidity range
- Mid-rapidity J e+e-- Forward rapidity J/
Strong suppression of J/ is observed
- Consistent with the prediction that J/s are destroyed in deconfined matter
Surprisingly, the suppression is stronger at forward rapidity than in mid-rapidity
- J/ formation by recombination of charm pairs in deconfined matter?
PRL 98,172301 (2007)
J/ Suppression in Au+Au
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Dalitz decays of light neutral mesons :
Mostly 0 e+ e-
Also from η, ω, φ, η'.
Conversion of photons from the light vector mesons in the material
Direct photons from the hard scattering process
Dielectron decays of light vector mesons: ρ, ω, φ e+e-
J/ψ e+e- and e+e-
Weak Kaon decays : K± 0 e± νe
Heavy Flavor Decays
Source of Electrons
Background sources needs to be subtracted
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Charm Cross-section in p+p collisions
STAR agrees with PHENIX (referring to STAR’s recent work)
Latest result from STAR agrees with PHENIX for pT > 2.5 GeV/c . This is good news
But
What about measurements at low pT (500 MeV/c < pT < 2.5 GeV/c)?
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Within error bars, Nbin scaled is observed! Large systematic uncertainties Theory under predict
charm X-section: still an issue : STAR ~ 2 PHENIX
Detector upgrades should measure low pT region
Charm Cross-section in p+p collisions
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Upgrades Are Needed!
When physics motivation exist (separation of charm and beauty should allow for
unambiguous modeling of quark energy loss) and systematic errors dominates the
data, new experiment (detector upgrade) are called for.
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The time is just shifted for PHENIX experiment: 1) the near future just becomes the present: PHENIX-VTX 2) the future just becomes the near future: PHENIX-FVTX 3) and the far future moved to the future: sPHENIX
PHENIX Detector Present and Future
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Heavy Ions:• Precision heavy flavor production measurement and separation of
charm and beauty should allow for unambiguous modeling of quark energy loss
• Precision charm measurement along with improved vector meson measurements allows vector meson production and suppression to be understood
• Charm and beauty flow measurements• Expanded vector meson measurements,
Cold Nuclear Matter:• Same measurements; needed to separate cold and hot nuclear
matter effects• Drell-Yan measurements help understand CNM energy loss
Spin Physics:• Precision heavy flavor measurements help understand gluon
contribution to spin• Drell-Yan can give anti-quark spin measurements• Improved W measurements
Physics Motivation for VTX and FVTX
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No shape change implies
VTX Motivation
Present
mcharm= 1.5 GeV, mbottom= 5 GeV
PHENIX: PRL 98:172301 (2007)
• VTX can separately measure VTX can separately measure v v22 and R and RAAAA of b of be and ce and cee
Assumption here: Full 8 weeks used for data taking in RUN11
Au+Au at √s = 200 GeVExpected with VTX
• D+Be
• Be• D e
• Be• D e
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FVTX Motivation• Tag displaced vertices to allow precision heavy flavor measurements
• Separate Charm and Beauty
• Drell Yan measurement for mass btw. J/ and Upsilon
• J/ and ' mass separation
• Better Upsilon mass resolution
• Significantly enhances every aspect of forward rapidity program
• Complements Barrel Tracker which will cover central rapidity
mcharm= 1.5 GeV, mbottom= 5 GeV
Real Data
from D and B
Simulation with FVTX
Each and every physics measurement from the muon arm will be improved with the addition of the FVTX and new measurements will become available
Simulation with FVTX
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Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX +FVTX
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Present and Near Future: VTX + FVTXThe detector sensitive area is made 100% of silicon sensor technologyThe target is b, c physics probing the heart of the QCD medium at RHIC
VTX: 4 barrels (|y| <1.2):
2 silicon Pixel (ALICE) 2 silicon stripixel (unique to PHENIX)
FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):
Standard silicon strip technology
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Present and Near Future: VTX + FVTXThe detector sensitive area is made 100% of silicon sensor technologyThe target is b, c physics probing the heart of the QCD medium at RHIC
VTX: 4 barrels (|y| <1.2):
2 silicon Pixel (ALICE) 2 silicon stripixel (unique to PHENIX)
FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):
Standard silicon strip technology
Life time (c) D0 : 125 mm B0 : 464 mmDCA
ppD
B
e
e
e+e- are identified in PHENIX central arms
VTX
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Present and Near Future: VTX + FVTXThe detector sensitive area is made 100% of silicon sensor technologyThe target is b, c physics probing the heart of the QCD medium at RHIC
VTX: 4 barrels (|y| <1.2):
2 silicon Pixel (ALICE) 2 silicon stripixel (unique to PHENIX)
FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):
Standard silicon strip technology
+- are identified in forward muons PHENIX arms
promptFVTX
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Pixel
Stripixel
Expected DCA resolution Expected DCA resolution
~ 40 m
Au+Au 200 GeV
pions in 3 <pT<4 GeV/c• Specifications:
• Large acceptance ( and < 1.2)• Displaced vertex measurement < 40 m• Charged particle tracking p/p ~ 5% p at high pT• Detector must work for both of heavy ion and pp collisions.
• Technology Choice• Hybrid pixel detectors developed at CERN for ALICE • Stripixel detectors, sensors developed at BNL with FNAL’s SVX4 readout chip
Central Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX
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ALICE1LHCb readout chip:Pixel: 50 µm () x 425 µm (Z). Channels: 256 x 32.Output: binary, read-out in [email protected] Hardness: ~ 30Mrad
Sensor module:
4 ALICE1LHCb readout chips.Bump-bonded (VTT) to silicon sensor.Thickness: 200 mThickness: r/o chips 150 µm
Half-ladder (2 sensor modules+bus)
1.36 cm x 10.9 cm.Thickness bus: < 240 µm.
SPIRO module Control/read-out a half ladderSend the data to FEM
FEM (interface to PHENIX DAQ)Read/control two SPIROsInterface to PHENIX DAQ
active arear
1.28 cm = 50mm x 256z
1.36 cm = 425mm x 32
Solder bump
~20m
VTX: PIXEL Concept (Barrels 1 & 2)
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• Innovative design by BNL Instr. Div. : Z. Li et al., NIM A518, 738 (2004); • R. Nouicer et al., NIM B261, 1067 (2007);• R. Nouicer et al., Journal of Instrumentation, 4, P04011 (2009)
• DC-Coupled silicon sensor
• Sensor single-sided
• 2-dimensional position
sensitivity by charge sharing
VTX: Silicon Stripixel Concept (Barrels 3 &4)“New technology: unique to PHENIX”
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• Top view • Bottom view
Silicon sensor
SVX4 chips
ROC (readout card)
VTX: Silicon Stripixel Concept (Barrels 3 &4)Silicon Module
Ladder
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Layer 1 (PIXEL)
5x2 ladders
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Layer 2 (PIXEL)10x2 ladders
Layer 3 (Stripixel)8x2 ladders
Layer 4 (Stripixel)12x2 ladders
Central Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX
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Full VTX installed at IR on Dec 1st, 2010
VTX group and PHENIX technicians
Side View Front View
Central Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX
VTX ready for Run 11 VTX will explore b,c physics
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• 4 disks / side • 48 wedges/disk• 75 m strips,• 2.8-11.2 mm long• 1664 strips/column• 1.1M channels total• Readout with FPHX chip 7.5°
HDIDetector
FPHX Chips
Backplane
Rigid, thermally conductive epoxy
Rigid epoxy
~10 cm
Forward Silicon Vertex Detector: FVTX
40 cm
2.8mm
11.2mm
Four tracking stations with full azimuthal coverage
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Assembly station Chip placement Wire-bonding
Encapsulation
Final Wedge
Half disk assembly
FVTX will be installed summer 2011
Forward Silicon Vertex Detector: FVTX
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Future: sPHENIX
Study of interaction between parton and sQGP medium
Direct measurement of Jets and their modification
Study of mass dependence of medium-parton interaction High statistic measurement of charm and
bottom in Au+Au Measurement of c and b jets
Study of color screening in the medium High-pT J/ ( >10 GeV/c) Upsilon
Probe of initial condition Direct photon v2
High density QCD at small x Forward Physics
ePHENIX eA and ep when eRHIC beam come to
PHENIX-IR
Physics menu for 2015+
The document also contains the complementarity of RHIC and LHC
Documents 250+ pages released and can be found at: www.bnl.gov/npp.
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Heavy quark physics with VTX is the main thrust of PHENIX Heavy Ion physics plan in 2011 - 2015 • Heavy quark energy loss• Heavy quark flow
CNM on Heavy Quark
Plus
Spin Physics with VTX in p+p collisions• Charm AN, ALL
• Bottom AN ALL • photon jet AN, ALL
• di-jet AN, ALL
PHENIX Decadal Plan
PHENIX RUN PLAN (2011-2015)
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PHENIX RUN PLAN (2011-2015)
Longitudinal spin@ 500 GeV• W program•G at small x
Transverse spin@200 GeV•AN of various processes• Exploratory of Drell Yan AN : Sivers sign change
Spin @ 62 GeV•G at high x• Transverse spin
PHENIX Decadal Plan
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Future: sPHENIX
Observables Requirements
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PHENIX Detector Today (2011)
sPHENIX Upgrade Concept
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Future “sPHENIX” : Compact, Uniform Detector
sPHENIX Upgrade Concept
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2T mid-y magnet, I.d.~ 60 cm (could be up to ~ 1m) Compact EMCal E/E ~ 20%/√E (Si/W & Scint/W?) Intermediate tracker ~ 80 m resolution (Si or GEM) Compact HCAL for jet reco (first HCAL at RHIC!) Forward spectrometer optimized for electrons, , hadrons Hadron ID: forward yes, mid-y ?
sPHENIX Upgrade Concept
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50B events of Au+Au at 200 GeV
sPHENIX Upgrade Concept
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p/p = 0.007 + 0.0015p
- Good momentum resolution and e/ separation
- Can separate the upsilon States spectroscopy
+ p = 5 GeV
Performance sPHENIXMomentum resolution: VTX + two new Silicon strip barrels (strip size 80 m)
Charged pionsEMCAL Response
Electron p = 5 GeV
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Hadronic Calorimetry tightens correlation between measured and true jet energy
- Reduce high pT background
- Catch neutral energy
Performance sPHENIX
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50B events of Au+Au at 200 GeV 1010 central event
Jets, photons and 0 rates in || <1
W. Vogelsang, private comm.
Significant rates for heavy flavor tagged jets
M. Cacciari, private comm.
Performance sPHENIX
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Future: sPHENIXWhere we stand with sPHENIX?
Mike Leitch (upgrade manager) organized PHENIX Decadal R&D Workshops,14-16 December, 2010
Speakers from over the world: PHENIX, STAR, LHC, ILC…
Next PHENIX Collaboration meeting, January 2011 PHENIX people will highlight ideas of the workshops and
discuss R&D steps
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Summary Large heavy flavor suppression in heavy ion collisions – why?
Significant heavy flavor elliptic flow
Large J suppression, but surprising rapidity dependence
Improve background rejection in semi-leptonic decay measurements
would allow systematic errors to be reduced
Separation of Charm/Beauty allows quark mass dependence to be
mapped out
PHENIX opens new era to study the properties of the medium:
c, b physics:
installed Central Silicon Vertex Tracker in 2010 (ready for run #11)
will install Forward Silicon Vertex Tracker in 2011 (run #12)
Future “sPHENIX” : compact, uniform detector
Jets, quarkonia, -jet correlations, tagged jets
forward physics, spin, “0th order for EIC detector
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Complementarity of RHIC and LHC“What is the point to measure jets and heavy quark at RHIC in LHC era?"
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- Measure Upsilon suppression (1S,2S,3S) at RHIC energy (Tinit ~ 350 MeV). LHC initial energy is ~ 500-600 MeV and so the screening length can be different.
- Light quark v2 seems to be similar at LHC. This lead some to conclude that /s of the QGP at LHC is only slightly different than that at RHIC. However, the picture can be different if probed by heavy flavor. (Light quark v2 is influenced in the later stage of space/time development. Heavy quark is more sensitive in the earlier stage)
- Very high statistics measurement of charm/bottom at low pT where medium effect can be most interesting. sPHENIX will have ~ 50B events per year, much higher statistics.
“What is the point to measure jets and heavy quark at RHIC in LHC era?"
Complementarity of RHIC and LHC
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Production of heavy quark-antiquark pairs: cc (bb) dominated by gluon-gluon hard scattering
- sensitive to initial gluon density additional thermal production enhancement?
- sensitive to initial temperature
Propagation through dense medium energy loss or thermalization softening of spectra?
- sensitive to properties of the produced nuclear medium does charm flow?
- sensitive to collectivity on parton level
Quarkonia (J in dense medium suppression via color screening? enhancement via coalescence?
heavy quarks is a rich probe of the nuclear medium created in the hard initial collisions experience the whole collision history
study of yields & spectra in pp, dAu, and AuAu
Why is Heavy Flavor Interesting?