PhD_Presentation_v1

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

FOR SATELLITE GROUND SEGMENT,

WITH APPLICATION TO THE ESEO MISSION

PhD Candidate: Marco Bosco

Supervisor:

Prof. Paolo Tortora

Forlì - 06/05/2016

DOTTORATO DI RICERCA INMECCANICA E SCIENZE AVANZATE DELL’INGEGNERIA

CICLO XXVIII

Coordinator:

Prof. Vincenzo Parenti Castelli

Settore Concorsuale di Afferenza: 09/A1 Ingegneria Aeronautica, Aerospaziale e Navale

Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: ING-IND/05 Impianti e Sistemi Aerospaziali

Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna

Introduction to Satellite Ground Segment

The European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO) Project

Ground Segment

Forlì SDR-based Ground Station

Mission Control System: S/C M&C, TM Analysis, TMTC DB, AutomatedProcedures, Satellite Simulator

EUMETSAT Ground Stations Software Solutions

Ground Station Analysis and Reporting Tool (GSAR)

Satellite Passes and Conflicts Engine (SPACE)

Ground Station Centralised Monitoring and Control Simulator

Conclusions

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Ground Station Network

Antenna pointing RF and BB equipment

Mission Control System

Flight Dynamics System Flight Operations System

Mission PlanningMonitoring & Control (RT &

Offline) Archiving S/C Simulator

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Jan 2013 Nov 2013 Jun 2015

Phase B Phase C Phase D

Kick-off PDR CDR

Microsatellite mission to SS LEO

Sponsored by ESA Education Office

9 universitities involved

About 200 students

Lecture courses and internship

opportunities (18 ECTS)

System prime contractor: ALMASpace

Phase E

Launch

2017

5

Mission objectives:

Taking pictures of Earth

Measuring radiation levels

Testing technologies for future education satellite missions.

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Semi-major axis 6904.82699 km

Eccentricity 0.00134790

Inclination 97.47884º

Ascending Node 137.34203º

Argument of Perigee 67.74183º

True Anomaly 292.25995º

Mass 50 kg

Dimension 33x33x63 cm

ESEO Platform

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ROTOR

USRPN210

Serial

1GB Ethernet

UDP

ESE

O P

latf

orm

GSMMUNICH

Serial

1GB Ethernet

UDP

GSF2

Serial

1GB Ethernet

UDP

GSF1

ROTORSerial

Serial

GSV VIGO

AMSAT COMMUNITY

WORLDWIDE

SatNet

UDP

MCS PC

JSON-RPCOver HTTPS

AMSAT Data

DataBase Server

ODBC

JDBC

TMTC

AMSAT

Web

Services

ProtocolMCS Satnet

Client

HSTX

GS SatNet

Client

LabVIEW

ROTOR

USRPN210

ROTOR

USRPN210

Engineering

Data

Science Data

FORLI

ICOM+TNC

Internet

SYNC

Engineering

Data

Users

LabVIEW Data

Dashboard App

Inte

rne

t

AMSAT-UK

University of Wroclaw

SITAEL

TU Munchen

University of Vigo

University of Bologna

Orbitron

GS SatNet

Client

GS SatNet

Client

GNURadio

Orbitron

Gpredict

LabVIEW

GS SatNet

Client

GNURadio

Orbit

Propagator

ESEO teams

Important collaboration among universities

Ground Station Network

AX.25 radio amateur communication protocol preferred over CCSDS for its simplicity and lower overhead to comply with the low bitrate and bandwidth.

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RSSI (dBm) average interference 6-11/8/2014

A shortened version of Reed-Solomon coding was added to the SDR software.

𝑡=(𝑛−𝑘)/2=8

This protocol has been fully implemented and tested in LabVIEW

First Byte I frame structureFlag Address Control PID Info FCS Flag

01111110 14 Bytes 2 Bytes 1 Byte N Bytes 2 Bytes 01111110

ALMASat-1 (classical GS)

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ESEO (SDR-based GS)

To/From AntennaTo/From Antenna

Wide frequency coverage(400-4400 MHz)

Large bandwidth (40 MHz) Highly flexible (modulation scheme,

communication protocol) Full duplex transceiver Maximum output power 100 mW

Band Range (MHz)

2 m 144.0-146.0

70 cm 430.0-434.0

435.0-438.0

23 cm 1240.0-1245.0

1270.0-1298.0

HPA

USRPN210 + SBX

Coaxial

1 GBEthernet

Coaxial

Coaxial

SC tracking SWLabVIEW SW

Analog radio

Modem

CI-V Level Converter

Serial

Serial

Coaxial Coaxial

S/C tracking SWSDR LabVIEW SW

ICOM 910H frequency coverage

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TX: Digital to Analog Conversion RF Upconversion

RX: RF Downconversion Analog to Digital Conversion

TX: Modulation AX.25 encoding BB transmissionRX: Signal Display (Spectrum, Waterfall, ..) Signal Recording Demodulation AX.25 decoding

1 Gb/sUSRP N210 + SBX

NI-USRP Toolkit(Driver SW)

NI-Modulation Toolkit

(Application SW)

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Orbitron DDE connection for Doppler correction

The application is based on five parallel loops and queue operationsfunctions:

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Signal acquisition and display

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Signal IQ data recording in binary files

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Signal demodulation, AX.25 decoding and UDP connection

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UDP connection, AX.25 encoding, signal modulation and transmission

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Five configuration parameters for SDR: Device name: IP address of USRP device Antenna port Carrier frequency: in the range 400-4400 MHz. Gain: is the amplification of signal Fetch size: samples N acquired at each iteration

𝐹𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝐹𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝐼𝑄 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

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Frequency (437 MHz downlink, 435.2 MHz uplink)

Modulation (non-coherent 2-GFSK)

Bit rate (9600 and 4800 bps)

Communication Protocol (Packet detecting, Bit stuffing, G3RUH Scrambling, NRZ to NRZI, CRC-16-CCITT-1021)

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StepAttenuator

SMA cable SMA cableUSRPN210

+SBX

LabVIEW

1 GBEthernet

SDR CHANNEL

CC1020TXRX

IAR EmbeddedWorkbench

AVRJTAGICE

Flat cable USB

TMTC

Connected to the S/C DB

TC selection

TC stack

TC Ack

TTC timestamp

UDP connection

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TM packets and data display

On-board schedule display

Automatic e-mail warnings

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HKTM parameters display:

Engineering values

• Numbers• Strings

Global parameters• On/off• Errors

SET TC parameters

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Raw and EU TM data retrieval from DB by datetime range.

Trend Analysis

Statistical Analysis

Data can be saved to spreadsheet files.

Event structure

About 500 TM parameters and 500 TC for equipment and payloads

Developed in MySQL to store:

TC list

TC history

TM parameters

TM history

Acknowledgment messages

Users privileges definition

Backup strategy

Flat (Spreadsheet-like) tables

for TM values

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NI LabVIEW Database Connectivity Toolkit

Field prefix address type descriptionType char(3) varbinary(2) binary(1) varchar(100)

prefix hex(address) hex(type) descriptionACS 0106 10 ACS ITEMS ONHPC 02 01 PMU MAIN OFF

Param1 Param2 … Param N-1 Param N Timestamp

Param Name (Key) Value Timestamp

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437 MHz GFSK

QueueEthernet

Queue

SDR PC

TM dataExtraction

ODBC

TM storing

MCS PC

HKTM post-processing

TM packetshistory

ODBC

ODBC

Queue

DemodSignal.bin

Demod

Signal Record

Signal Acquistion

AX.25decoding

UDP

AX.25decoding

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435,2 MHz GFSK

Ethernet

SDR PC

MODSignalTransm

MCS PC

TC packetAssembling

TC storing

ODBC

TC ListODBC

TC history

ODBC

AX.25encoding

UDP

Script.m FOP.xls

TC packetAssembling

ODBC

Automated Procedures: Spreadsheet file: Step, Operations, TC, Data,

Description, TM, TM data, Display Actions:

• Telecommanding (Send&Verify, Optional Send, Send TTC, Send HPC)

• Telemetry Monitoring (Check, Monitor)• Control Structures (Wait for, Goto, If, etc..)• Select Display

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S/C M&C

SDR Software

S/C AOCS and EPS simulator

TMTC Interface

TXRX, OBDH simulator

TC packet TM packet

IQ data

S/C variables (SET)

TC packetTM packet

IQ data

435.2 MHz GFSK signal

437 MHz GFSK signal

MC

S P

CSD

R P

C

S/C

Sim

ula

tor P

C

1 GBEthernet

RF signal

UDP

Simulink

S/C variables (GET)

Tools for testing:

LabVIEW VI Analyzer

LabVIEW Unit Test Framework

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Items to examine: Correctness of implementation

Interaction with other components

Robustness and error handling

Conformance to coding standards/practices

Readability

Maintenability

Reusability

Completness

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2 Command and Data Acquisition GS Svalbard (78° N) Metop-A/B, LEO satellites (817 km) L, S, X-Band

Primary Ground Station (PGS) antennae 13 m dish in Usingen (near Frankfurt) L, S-band for uplink/dowlink Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) programme

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TM Propagator client CDA mimic display

For real-time monitoringFor post processingand trend analysis

GSARAlmost 2000 TM parameters for eachGS at higher rate during a S/C pass

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Periodic reports are available ashtml pages on a web page through a calendar widget.

Reports can be configured through an XML template file.

Widgets to be inserted are coded in python

Reports are generated periodically by automated tasks

Schedule Activity Template Widgets TM data

FD data

Parameter

definition

Ground Station TM data + Flight Dynamics data

Antenna azimuth and elevation

𝐸𝑏/𝑁0 and Tracking RX level for L,S,X-band

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Back to search events

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M01 Orbit 15907 Eb/N0 (dB) Track RX Level (dBm) BTSE

BTSE vs AzEl

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Pass Duration (s) Max Elevation (deg)

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Conflict-free schedule for a satellite fleet over a GSN

NOAA-19 blind orbits support from Svalbard GS

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S/C G/S No. of orbitsTCA Error [s] Max El Error [deg]

Mean Max Mean Max

NOAA19

Svalbard 197 5.2 12.9 0.3 3

Fairbanks 155 5.6 16.1 0.2 2

Wallops 83 4.3 13.4 0.2 3

METOP-A

Svalbard 171 7.6 11.8 0.2 3

Fairbanks 135 4.7 13.4 0.1 4

Wallops 71 3.5 10.8 0.1 2

METOP-B

Svalbard 199 4.5 11.5 0.2 3

Fairbanks 156 5.1 12.5 0.1 2

Wallops 82 3.9 12.6 0.3 3

Comparing pyorbital (top) and pyephem (bottom) results accuracy

S/C G/S No. of orbitsTCA Error [s] Max El Error [deg]

Mean Max Mean Max

NOAA19

Svalbard 197 0.4 1.0 0.0 1

Fairbanks 155 0.3 1.0 0.0 0

Wallops 83 0.3 1.0 0.0 0

METOP-A

Svalbard 171 0.3 1.0 0.0 1

Fairbanks 135 0.3 0.8 0.0 0

Wallops 71 0.4 1.0 0.0 0

METOP-B

Svalbard 199 0.4 1.1 0.0 1

Fairbanks 156 0.4 1.0 0.1 2

Wallops 82 0.4 1.0 0.3 3

3 TCP ports: Monitoring, Control, Info

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Ground

station

Low

Level

M&C

Telemetry Request

Ground

station

High

Level

M&C

Telemetry Response

Telemetry Points

Authentication

Authentication

Event Message

Schedule Info

RefreshSchedule Info

Message

Event Response

Event Request

Command

Command Acks

OPS site GS site

A Simulator is required for the procurement of a GS M&C system.

Device Simulator by Finland Space SystemsCommunication protocol from ICD

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Interface Module

Ground Station

M&C System

Command Ack

ModuleCommand Module

Monitoring Packet

Request Module

Monitoring Packet

Module

ReqTCAck TM

Ack TM ReqTC

Send Mon PktSend Ack Pkt Set Parameter

Macros coded in Java, triggered by: Message reception or transmission Time

System configuration based on XML parsing operations (DOM) Code implementation based on XSD files

Clear and simple GUI for testing Successfully tested Delivered for MTG ground station

M&C system procurement

Telemetry points

messages

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Acknowledgment

messages history

Events

messages history

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These software solutions will be used for ESEO operations and can be easily adapted to future educational satellite missions:

SDR for ESEO TMTC ground station

ESEO Monitoring and Control systemHKTM Data AnalyserTMTC interface for a MATLAB/Simulink-based Satellite Simulator

These software solutions, designed, implemented and tested, are currently used by ground stations engineers at EUMETSAT:

Ground Station Analysis and Reporting Tool (GSAR)

Satellite Passes and Conflicts Engine (SPACE) Ground Station Centralised Monitoring and Control Simulator

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Courses and Seminars: Applicazioni e Tecniche di Telecomunicazioni, Prof. Vanelli-Coralli, 6 CFU, 2012-2013. Laboratorio di Telecomunicazioni, Prof. Vanelli-Coralli, 3 CFU, A.A. 2012-2013. Uncertainty analysis for engineers, Prof. Alfredsson, Dr. Segalini, Prof. Talamelli, Dec.

2013.

Conferences and Workshops: European Ground System Architecture Workshop (ESAW 2013) in ESA/ESOC,

Darmstadt 18-19 Jun 2013. IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace in Benevento (29-30 May

2014). ITU Symposium and Workshop on small satellite regulation and communication

system in Prague, 2-4 Mar 2015. European Ground System Architecture Workshop (ESAW 2015) in ESA/ESOC,

Darmstadt 16-17 Jun 2015. 3rd IAA Conference on University Satellite Missions and CubeSat Workshop &

International Workshop on Lean Satellite Standardization in Rome, 30 Nov – 4 Dic2015.

M. Bosco, D. Cinarelli, P. Tortora: ‘Alma Mater Ground Station transceiver: A software defined radio for satellite communications’ MetroAeroSpaceProceedings, May 2014.

P. Tortora, M. Bosco, D. Cinarelli, D. Bruzzi, N. Melega: ‘Soluzioni Innovative per il Ground Segment di Small Satellites’ Le Tecnologie Nazionali per Mini e Micro Satelliti: Idee, Progetti e Prospettive 1° Workshop Nazionale, Capua, 20-22 July 2015.

M. Bosco, P. Tortora: ‘ESEO Ground Segment Software Solutions: Design, Implementation and Testing’, 3rd IAA Conference on University Satellite Missions and CubeSat Workshop & International Workshop on Lean Satellite Standardization in Rome, 30 Nov – 4 Dec 2015.

D. Modenini, M. Bosco, A. Locarini, P. Tortora: ‘Space Engineering and Small Satellites Educational Activities at University of Bologna’, 1st Symposium on Space Educational Activities Padua, 9-12 Dec 2015.

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Thank you for your attention

PhD_Presentation_v1

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