Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the...Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the...

Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project

Prepared for Daniel Bott Principal Planner Orange County Water District 18700 Ward Street Fountain Valley, California 92708

Prepared by Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA BonTerra Psomas 3 Hutton Centre Drive, Suite 200 Santa Ana, California 92707 T: (714) 751-7373 F: (714) 545-8883

December 2016

Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project

R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Cultural\Centennial II Phase I CRA-122116.docx i Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page National Archaeological Database (NADB) Information Sheet ........................................ MS-1

Management Summary ........................................................................................................ MS-2

Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................... MS-2

Dates of Investigation ................................................................................................. MS-2

Findings of the Investigation ...................................................................................... MS-2

Finding of Effect ......................................................................................................... MS-3

Mitigation .................................................................................................................... MS-3

Disposition of Data ..................................................................................................... MS-4

1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Area of Potential Effects ........................................................................................ 1

2.0 Regulatory Setting .......................................................................................................... 1

2.1 Federal .................................................................................................................. 1

2.1.1 National Register of Historic Places .......................................................... 1

2.2 State ...................................................................................................................... 2

2.2.1 California Register of Historical Resources ............................................... 2 2.2.2 Assembly Bill 52 ........................................................................................ 3 2.2.3 Human Remains ........................................................................................ 3

3.0 Cultural Background ....................................................................................................... 3

3.1 Prehistoric Background ......................................................................................... 3

3.2 Ethnographic Background ..................................................................................... 5

3.2.1 Gabrielino/Tongva ..................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 History........................................................................................................ 6

4.0 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Archaeological Resources Records Search .......................................................... 8

4.2 Native American Heritage Commission ................................................................. 9

4.3 Paleontological Resources Records Search ......................................................... 9

4.4 Archaeological Field Survey .................................................................................. 9

5.0 Results ............................................................................................................................. 9

5.1 Cultural Resources Records Search Results ........................................................ 9

5.1.1 Previous Research .................................................................................... 9 5.1.2 Current Research .................................................................................... 10


R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Cultural\Centennial II Phase I CRA-122116.docx ii Table of Contents

5.2 Native American Heritage Commission Scoping Results .................................... 10

5.2.1 General Native American Scoping ........................................................... 10 5.2.2 Assembly Bill 52 Consultation ................................................................. 10

5.3 Paleontological Resources Records Search Results .......................................... 11

5.4 Archaeological Survey Results ............................................................................ 11

5.5 Findings of the Investigation ................................................................................ 11

5.6 Finding of Effect .................................................................................................. 12

6.0 Mitigation ....................................................................................................................... 12

7.0 Certification ................................................................................................................... 13

8.0 References ..................................................................................................................... 14

TABLES

Table Page 1 Cultural Resource Investigations Within One Mile of the Project Area ............................. 9

EXHIBITS

Exhibit Follows Page 1 Project Site ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 Area of Potential Effects .................................................................................................... 1

ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Cultural Resources Records Search B Native American Consultation C Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Paleontological Records Search


R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Cultural\Centennial II Phase I CRA-122116.docx MS-1 Executive/Management Summary

NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE (NADB) INFORMATION SHEET

Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project

By

Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA

December 2016

Submitted by: Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA BonTerra Psomas 3 Hutton Centre Drive, Suite 200 Santa Ana, California 92707 (714) 751-7373 Submitted to: Daniel Bott Principal Planner Orange County Water District 18700 Ward Street Fountain Valley, California 92708 Prepared for: CEQA Documentation USGS 7.5 Minute Orange Quadrangle BonTerra Psomas Project Number: 3OCW000518 Key Words: Centennial Park, Santa Ana River, Heritage Museum, Godinez High School



MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This report will be reviewed for federal compliance by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The project site was also formerly a military communications center managed by the National Park Service. This document has been prepared to satisfy Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and Section 15064.5 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines with respect the identification and preservation of cultural resources. The Orange County Water District (OCWD) will be pursuing funding through a State Revolving Fund Loan administered by the SWRCB. Since the program is partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the project is a federal action subject to the NHPA and other federal regulations in addition to CEQA. Collectively, the SWRCB refers to these requirements as “CEQA-Plus”.

Cultural resources are considered during federal undertakings chiefly under Section 106 of the NHPA of 1966 (as amended) through one of its implementing regulations (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 800, Protection of Historic Properties). Properties of traditional religious and cultural importance to Native Americans are considered under Section 101(d) (6) (A) of the NHPA.

Section 106 of the NHPA (16 United States Code [USC] 470f) requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their undertakings on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and to afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings (36 CFR 800.1). Under Section 106, the significance of any adversely affected cultural resource is assessed and mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts to a less than significant level. Significant cultural resources (i.e., historic properties) are those that are listed in or are eligible for listing in the NRHP in accordance with the criteria stated at 36 CFR 60.4.

The format of this report follows an amended version of the Office of Historic Preservation’s (OHP’s) Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format (Office of Historic Preservation 1990).

DATES OF INVESTIGATION

BonTerra Psomas Senior Archaeologist David M. Smith conducted a cultural resources records search and literature review for the larger Centennial Park Injection Wells project on May 7, 2015, at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton (Attachment A). The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) was notified of the project on May 7, 2015, and requested to review its Sacred Lands Inventory for any sacred sites that might be on or near the project area (Attachment B). Letters were sent to tribes affiliated with the project area inviting additional information on November 23, 2016. The OCWD also sent letters via email offering consultation to tribes on its Assembly Bill (AB) 52 list on November 10, 2016. The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (NHMLAC) was requested on May 7, 2015, to search its paleontological records for the project area. The NHMLAC responded in writing on May 28, 2015 (Attachment C). Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA conducted a pedestrian survey of the subject property on November 10, 2016. This report was completed in December 2016.

FINDINGS OF THE INVESTIGATION

The records on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center indicate that the Heritage Museum and its ancillary structures have undergone cultural resource evaluations (Godinez EIR



n.d.). Neither the museum nor the Maag and Kellogg residences are eligible for listing in the NRHP. The NAHC search of its Sacred Lands Inventory was negative for any cultural resources recorded on or near the project site. Written requests to affiliated tribes regarding cultural resources did not result in any additional information. One tribe requested Native American monitoring of grading through the AB 52 consultation process. The project area is moderately sensitive for paleontology. The pedestrian survey of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) did not identify any cultural resources that merited recordation. No known or recorded cultural resources are located within the APE. However, because of the presence of cultural resources in the vicinity, there is a possibility that currently unknown and unrecorded cultural resources could be present in the subsurface and could be uncovered during construction activities.

FINDING OF EFFECT

No cultural resources have been recorded within the APE and none were discovered as a result of this study. Therefore, there is a finding of “No Historic Properties Affected” as a result of the construction of the Centennial Park Project.

MITIGATION

The following measures provide the procedures necessary during construction to ensure that any unanticipated impacts to unknown cultural resources are reduced to a level of no significance.

1. Section 15064.5(f) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines states that a lead agency “should make provisions for historical or unique archaeological resources accidentally discovered during construction”. Should archaeological resources be found during ground-disturbing activities for the Project, an Archaeologist shall be retained to first determine whether it is a “unique archaeological resource” pursuant to Section 21083.2(g) of the California Public Resources Code (PRC) or a “historical resource” pursuant to Section 15064.5(a) of the State CEQA Guidelines. If the archaeological resource is determined to be a “unique archaeological resource” or a “historical resource”, the Archaeologist shall formulate a mitigation plan in consultation with the OCWD that satisfies the requirements of the above-referenced sections. If the Archaeologist determines that the archaeological resource is not a “unique archaeological resource” or “historical resource”, s/he may record the site and submit the recordation form to the California Historic Resources Information System at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton. Implementation of MM 1 would ensure that impacts to archaeological resources are reduced to a less than significant level.

2. Section 15064.5(f) of the State CEQA Guidelines states that a lead agency “should make provisions for historical or unique archaeological resources accidentally discovered during construction”. In the absence of language specific to paleontological resources, fossils must be evaluated as historical resources under eligibility Criterion 4 (potential to yield important information). Therefore, in the event that paleontological resources are inadvertently unearthed during excavation, the contractor shall immediately cease all earth-disturbing activities a reasonable distance from the area of discovery. OCWD shall retain a qualified paleontologist to evaluate the significance of the discovery and determine an appropriate course of action. After the find has been appropriately mitigated, work in the area may resume. Implementation of MM 2 would ensure that impacts to paleontological resources are reduced to a less than significant level.

3. If human remains are encountered during excavation activities, all work shall halt in the vicinity of the remains and the County Coroner shall be notified (California Public Resources Code, Section 5097.98). The Coroner will determine whether the remains are



of forensic interest. If the Coroner, with the aid of a qualified Archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, s/he will contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC will be responsible for designating the most likely descendant (MLD), who will be responsible for the ultimate disposition of the remains, as required by Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. The MLD shall make his/her recommendation within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. If feasible, the MLD’s recommendation shall be followed and may include scientific removal and non-destructive analysis of the human remains and any items associated with Native American burials (California Health and Safety Code, Section 7050.5). If the landowner rejects the MLD’s recommendations, the landowner shall rebury the remains with appropriate dignity on the property in a location that will not be subject to further subsurface disturbance (California Public Resources Code, Section 5097.98).

DISPOSITION OF DATA

This report will be filed with the OCWD, the SCCIC, and BonTerra Psomas. All field notes and other documentation related to the study are on file at BonTerra Psomas.


R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Cultural\Centennial II Phase I CRA-122116.docx 1 Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment

1.0 INTRODUCTION

BonTerra Psomas was retained by the Orange County Water District (OCWD) to provide cultural resource services for the Centennial Park Injection Wells project. An initial cultural resources study completed by Smith (2016) covered a total of four injection wells and pipeline connections at Centennial Park and the construction of a monitoring well at the Heritage Museum. The Smith (2016) cultural resources assessment for the project was designed to determine if project-related activities would have a significant effect on any cultural resources located on or in proximity to the Project site. The study determined that none of the proposed activities will impact any known cultural resources in Centennial Park or the Heritage Museum.

The current project being described in this report consists of the construction of a second monitoring well at the Heritage Museum. The proposed monitoring well will be located at the southwest corner of the intersection of S. Fairview Road and Centennial Road/St. Andrew Place (Exhibits 1 and 2).

1.1 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS

The Area of Potential Effects (APE) consists of the impact and staging area, as well as the Heritage Museum Monitoring Well site. This area, approximately 0.34 acre in size, includes the access path from the south, the impact and staging areas in the vicinity of the well, and the well location itself.

Exhibit 2 shows the APE in an aerial photograph depicting the APE boundary and project elements.

2.0 REGULATORY SETTING

This section contains a discussion of the applicable laws, ordinances, regulations, and standards that govern cultural resources and must be adhered to both prior to and during project implementation. Because the project is a federal action under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) due to partial funding by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, cultural resources analysis under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 United States Code [USC] 470f) and its implementing regulations (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 800, Protection of Historic Properties) is required.

2.1 FEDERAL

2.1.1 National Register of Historic Places

Cultural resources are considered during federal undertakings chiefly under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) through one of its implementing regulations (36 CFR 800). Properties of traditional religious and cultural importance to Native Americans are considered under Section 101(d)(6)(A) of the NHPA.

Section 106 of the NHPA (16 USC 470f) requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their undertakings on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included in or eligible for inclusion in the NRHP and to afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings (36 CFR 800.1). Under Section 106, the significance of any adversely affected cultural resource is assessed and mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts to a less than significant level. Significant cultural resources are those that are listed in or are eligible for listing in the NRHP in accordance with the criteria stated at 36 CFR 60.4, which are listed below.

Mid-Basin Centennial Park Injection Wells Project Heritage Museum Monitoring Well

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Impact and Staging Area

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(Rev: 11-22-2016 JAZ) R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Graphics\Cultural\ex1_USGS_20161122.pdf

Exhibit 1

Mid-Basin Centennial Park Injection Wells Project, Heritage Museum Monitoring Well

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(Rev: 11-30-2016 JAZ) R:\Projects\OCW_OCWD\3OCW000518\Graphics\Cultural\ex2_APE_20161130.pdf

Exhibit 2



The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association and

(a) that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or

(b) that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or (c) that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of

construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or

(d) that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

2.2 STATE

2.2.1 California Register of Historical Resources

CEQA requires a lead agency to determine whether a project would have a significant effect on one or more historical resources. A “historical resource” is defined as a resource listed in or determined to be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (California Public Resources Code [PRC], Section 21084.1); a resource included in a local register of historical resources (14 California Code of Regulations [CCR], Section 15064.5[a][2]); or any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript that a lead agency determines to be historically significant (14 CCR 15064.5[a][3]).

Section 5024.1 of PRC, Section 15064.5 of the State CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR), and Sections 21083.2 and 21084.1 of the CEQA Statutes were used as the basic guidelines for the cultural resources study. PRC 5024.1 requires evaluation of historical resources to determine their eligibility for listing on the CRHR. The purposes of the CRHR are to maintain listings of the State’s historical resources and to indicate which properties are to be protected from substantial adverse change. The criteria for listing resources in the CRHR were expressly developed to be in accordance with criteria developed for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (per the criteria listed in the Code of Federal Regulations [CFR], Title 36, Section 60.4) and include those listed below.

A resource may be listed as an historical resource in the California Register if it meets any of the following National Register of Historic Places criteria:

(1) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage.

(2) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. (3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method

of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values or

(4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.



According to Section 15064.5(a)(3)(A–D) of the State CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR), a resource is considered historically significant if it meets the criteria for listing in the NRHP (per the criteria listed at 36 CFR 60.4, previously discussed). Impacts that affect those characteristics of the resource that qualify it for the NRHP or that would adversely alter the significance of a resource listed in or eligible for listing in the CRHR are considered to have a significant effect on the environment. Impacts to cultural resources from the proposed project are thus considered significant if the project (1) physically destroys or damages all or part of a resource; (2) changes the character of the use of the resource or physical feature within the setting of the resource that contributes to its significance; or (3) introduces visual, atmospheric, or audible elements that diminish the integrity of significant features of the resource.

The purpose of a cultural resources investigation is to evaluate whether any built environment cultural resources are present in or near the project area or can reasonably be expected to exist in the subsurface. If resources are discovered, management recommendations would be included that require evaluation of the resources for NRHP or CRHR eligibility.

2.2.2 Assembly Bill 52

This project is subject to Assembly Bill (AB) 52. AB52 is applicable to projects that have filed a Notice of Preparation (NOP) of an Environmental Impact Report (EIR), or notice of a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) or Negative Declaration (ND) on or after July 1, 2015. AB 52 requires lead agencies to initiate consultation with California Native American Tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the project and have requested such consultation prior to determining the type of CEQA documentation is applicable to the project (i.e, EIR, MND, ND). Significant impacts to Tribal cultural resources are considered significant impacts to the environment. AB52 allows Tribes 30 days after receiving notification to request consultation.

2.2.3 Human Remains

Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code provides for the disposition of accidentally discovered human remains. Section 7050.5 states that, if human remains are found, no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent remains shall occur until the County Coroner has determined the appropriate treatment and disposition of the human remains.

Section 5097.98 of the PRC states that, if remains are determined by the Coroner to be of Native American origin, the Coroner must notify the Native American Heritage Commission within 24 hours which, in turn, must identify the person or persons it believes to be the most likely descended from the deceased Native American. The descendants shall complete their inspection within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. The designated Native American representative would then determine, in consultation with the property owner, the disposition of the human remains.

3.0 CULTURAL BACKGROUND

3.1 PREHISTORIC BACKGROUND

Several chronologies are generally used to describe the sequence of the later prehistoric periods of Southern California. William Wallace (1955) developed the first comprehensive California chronologies and defines four periods for the southern coastal region. Wallace’s synthesis is largely “descriptive and classificatory, emphasizing the content of archaeological cultures and the relationships among them” (Moratto 1984:159). Wallace relies upon the concept of “cultural horizons”, which are generally defined by the temporal and spatial distribution of a set of normative cultural traits, such as the distribution of a group of commonly associated artifact types. As a



result, his model does not allow for much cultural variation within the same time period, nor does it provide precise chronological dates for each temporal division. Nonetheless, although now more than 60 years old, the Wallace chronology has provided a general framework for Southern California prehistory that remains valid today.

Horizon I: Early Man or Paleo-Indian Period (11,000 BCE to 7,500 BCE1). While initially termed Early Man Horizon (I) by Wallace (1955), this early stage of human occupation is commonly referred to as the Paleo-Indian Period today (Chartkoff and Chartkoff 1984:24). As discussed above, the precise start of this period is still a topic of considerable debate. At inland archaeological sites, the surviving material culture of this period is primarily lithic, consisting of large, extremely well made stone projectile points and tools (e.g., scrapers and choppers). Encampments were probably temporary, located near major kills or important resource areas. The San Dieguito Tradition, defined by Warren at the stratified C.W. Harris site in San Diego County, is encompassed by this period of time (Moratto 1984:97).

Horizon II: Milling Stone Assemblages (7,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE). Encompassing a broad expanse of time, the Milling Stone Period was named for the abundant millingstone tools associated with sites of this period. These tools, the mano and metate, were used to process small, hard seeds from plants associated with shrub-scrub vegetation communities. An annual round of seasonal migrations was likely practiced, with movements coinciding with ripening vegetal resources and the periods of maximal availability of various animal resources. Along the coast, shell midden sites are common site types. Some formal burials, occasionally with associated grave goods, are also evident. This period of time is roughly equivalent to Warren’s (1968) Encinitas Tradition. Warren (1968) suggests that, as millingstones are common and projectile points are comparatively rare during this period of time, hunting was less important than the gathering of vegetable resources.

More recent studies (Koerper 1981; Koerper and Drover 1983) suggest that a diversity of subsistence activities, including hunting of various game animals, were practiced during this period. At present, little is known about cultural change during this time period in Southern California. While this lack of noticeable change gives the appearance of cultural stasis, almost certainly, many regional and temporal cultural shifts did occur. Future research that is focused on temporal change in the Milling Stone Period would greatly benefit the current understanding of Southern California prehistory.

Horizon III: Intermediate Cultures (1,000 BCE to 750 CE). The Intermediate Period is identified by a mixed strategy of plant exploitation, terrestrial hunting, and maritime subsistence. Chipped stone tools, such as projectile points, generally decrease in size, but increase in number. Abundant bone and shell remains have been recovered from sites dating to these time periods. In coastal areas, the introduction of the circular shell fishhook and the growing abundance of fish remains in sites over the course of the period suggest a substantial increase in fishing activity during the Intermediate Horizon. It is also during this time period that mortar and pestle use intensified dramatically. The mano and metate continued to be in use on a reduced scale, but the greatly intensified use of the mortar and pestle signaled a shift away from a subsistence strategy based on seed resources to that of the acorn. It is probably during this time period that the acorn became the food staple of the majority of the indigenous tribes in Southern California. This subsistence strategy continued until European contact. Material culture became more diverse and elaborate and included steatite containers, perforated stones, bone tools, ornamental items, and asphalt adhesive.

1 BCE stands for “Before Common Era” and CE stands for “Common Era”. These alternative forms of “BC” and

“AD”, respectively, are used throughout this document.



While Warren (1968) recognized the start of the Campbell Tradition in the Santa Barbara region at roughly the beginning of Intermediate Period, he did not see clear evidence of cultural change farther south. As a result, the Encinitas Tradition in Southern California encompasses both the Milling Stone and Intermediate Periods in Warren’s chronology (1968:2, 4). However, the more recent chronology posited by Koerper and Drover clearly recognizes an Intermediate Period within Southern California. They suggest that Warren’s inability to recognize an intermediate cultural stage was likely due to “the lack of conclusive data in 1968” (Koerper and Drover 1983:26).

Horizon IV: Late Prehistoric Cultures (750 CE to 1769 CE). During the Late Prehistoric Period, exploitation of many food resources, particularly marine resources among coastal groups, continued to intensify. The material culture in the Late Prehistoric Horizon increased in complexity in terms of the abundance and diversity of artifacts being produced. The recovery and identification of a number of small projectile points during this period likely suggests a greater utilization of the bow and arrow, which was likely introduced near the end of the Intermediate Period. Shell beads, ornaments, and other elements of material culture continue to be ornate, varied, and widely distributed; the latter evidence suggests elaborate trade networks. Warren’s (1968) scheme divides the late prehistoric period into several regional traditions. Western Riverside County, Orange County, and the Los Angeles Basin area are considered part of the “Shoshonean” tradition, which may be related to a possible incursion of Takic speakers into these areas during this period. The Late Prehistoric Period includes the first few centuries of early European contact (1542–1769 CE); it is also known as the Protohistoric Period as there was a low level of interaction between native Californians and Europeans prior to Portolá’s overland expedition in 1769.

In the few centuries prior to European contact, the archaeological record reveals substantial increases in the indigenous population (Wallace 1955:223). Some village sites may have contained as many as 1,500 individuals. Apparently, many of these village sites were occupied throughout the year rather than seasonally. This shift in settlement strategy was likely influenced by improved food procurement and storage technology, which enabled population growth and may have helped stimulate changes in sociopolitical organization.

3.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND

3.2.1 Gabrielino/Tongva

At the time of Spanish contact, the project area is believed to have been inhabited by the Gabrielino near the eastern extent of their ethnographic territory (see Kroeber 1925; Harrington 1933; Johnston 1962; Blackburn 1963; Heizer 1968; Bean and Smith 1978; McCawley 1996). The name “Gabrielino” identifies those people who came under the control of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and included the inhabitants of most of current-day Los Angeles and Orange Counties and portions of Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. Today, many Gabrielino prefer to be known as Tongva. According to ethnographic evidence, the Gabrielino territory included the coastal plain of Los Angeles and Orange Counties extending from Topanga Canyon in the north to Aliso Creek in the south, and eastward of Mount Rubidoux in Western Riverside County. Their territory also included Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and San Nicolas Islands.

Unfortunately, the Gabrielino are one of the least documented of the native peoples of California because they were one of the first groups to suffer the effects of foreign diseases brought by the Spanish and the subsequent migration of foreigners who arrived in the region (Bean and Smith 1978). Fortunately, ethnographic studies conducted by J.P. Harrington (1933), Alfred Kroeber (1925), and others in the early 20th Century provide some insight into the culture of the Gabrielino.

Linguists have determined that the Gabrielino language derived from one of the Cupan languages in the Takic family, a part of the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock (Bean and Smith 1978). Linguistic



evidence indicates that the Gabrielino or their ancestors migrated from the Great Basin area. Linguistic analysis suggests that, at one time, the entire Southern California coastal region was populated by Hokan speakers who were gradually separated and displaced by Takic-speaking immigrants from the Great Basin area (Bean and Smith 1978; Cameron 1999). The timing and extent of the migrations and their impact on indigenous peoples is not well understood, and any data related to it represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of local prehistory.

Gabrielino territory occupied one of the richest environmental habitats in all of California. The territory included four macro-environments: the Interior Mountains/Adjacent Foothills, the Prairie, the Exposed Coast, and the Sheltered Coast (Bean and Smith 1978). These diverse microenvironments, and the resources contained within each, enabled the Gabrielino to develop one of the most complex cultures of any of the native California groups. The abundance of resources provided many opportunities for the Gabrielino to exploit native plants and animals. This, in turn, allowed the population to settle in small villages throughout the territory.

Permanent villages evolved in resource-rich areas near rivers, streams, and along the coast. Secondary, or satellite, villages were also established nearby. The Gabrielino traditionally constructed two types of dwellings: the subterranean pit house and the thatched lean-to (wickiup). The pit house was constructed by excavating approximately two feet below the surface and constructing the walls and roof with wooden beams and earth around the excavation pit. The lean-to, or wickiup, was constructed of thatched walls and thatched roof, surrounded by large converging poles. A hearth located inside the structure provided warmth. Hearths used for cooking were located outside. Sweathouses, or temescals, were used as a meeting place for the men (Kroeber 1925; Bean and Smith 1978).

The material culture of the Gabrielino reflected an elaborately developed artistic style and an adaptation to the various environments within their territory. This artistic style was often manifested in elaborate shell bead and asphaltum ornamentation on many utilitarian items (e.g., bone awl handles, bowl, or mortar rims). Spear and bow and arrow were used for hunting, while manos and metates, as well as mortars and pestles, were used for processing plant and animal material into food items. The Gabrielino were also known for their high quality of basketry made from rush stems (Juncus sp.), native grass (Muhlenbergia rigens), and squawbush (Rhus trilobata) (Bean and Smith 1978:542).

3.2.2 History

The major historic periods, as defined below, for the greater Southern California area are defined by key events documented by participants, witnesses, historians, and cartographers. Paramount among these was the transfer of political control over Alta California, including the APE and surrounding lands specifically.

• Spanish Period (1769–1822)

• Mexican Period (1822–1848)

• American Period (1848–Present)

Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo made a temporary landfall at the Chumash village of Sisolop (present-day Ventura) on October 12, 1542 (Grant 1978:518). He was the first of several early explorers, representing several nations, to explore the Alta California coast. However, the end of the prehistoric era in Southern California is marked by the arrival of the Gaspar de Portolá overland expedition from New Spain (Mexico) and the founding of the first Spanish settlement at San Diego on July 16, 1769 (Johnston 1962). With the onset of the Spanish Period, the Gabrielino first came into direct contact with Europeans when the Portolá expedition passed through the San



Gabriel Valley where the expedition camped briefly as they continued west toward Ventura (Bean and Smith 1978: 541).

Two of the 21 Franciscan missions established by the Spanish in Alta California impacted Gabrielino people profoundly: Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España, both in Los Angeles County, which were founded in September 1771 and in 1797, respectively. The Gabrielino were persuaded to settle in the vicinity of the two missions

The missions were charged with administering to the natives within their areas. Mission life did give the Native Americans skills needed to survive in their rapidly changing world, but the population was decimated by the introduction of European diseases, such as measles and small pox, for which they had no immunity. After 1810, mission populations declined faster than they could be replenished.

The Mexican Revolution, beginning in 1821, overthrew Spanish control and the new government of Mexico had a very different outlook on mission activities. Mexico’s independence from Spain in 1822 brought the Mexican Period to California. Mexico secularized the missions in 1833 and expanded on the Spanish practice of granting large tracts of ranch land to soldiers, civil servants, and pioneers (Cleland 1966). Secularization of the missions, planned under the Spanish, was greatly accelerated by the Mexican government. Plans to provide land, training, and living quarters for the Native American population never developed and the mission lands were soon under the control of a relatively few influential Mexican families. The rancho lifestyle was relatively short lived, but remains an influential period in California history.

During the 1840s, an increasing influx of Anglo-Americans from the eastern United States spurred an American challenge for the California territory. The American Period began with Mexico’s defeat at the end of the Mexican-American War, resulting in the concession of California to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848 (Rolle 1998:91, 104). Only a few days before, the discovery of gold on the American River had stimulated the Gold Rush of 1848–1849. After more than two years of legislative process and debate, California became the 31st state of the Union on September 9, 1850 (Rolle 1998:106).

The Spanish land grant that lay entirely in what is now Orange County, the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, became the location of the city of Santa Ana. The rancho was the home of two of the oldest families in California, the Yorbas and the Peraltas. Consisting of 62,516 acres, the rancho extended along the east bank of the Santa Ana River from the mountains to the sea. Settled early enough to provide homes for the third and fourth generations of the Yorbas and the Peraltas, it was eventually the location of at least 33 historic adobes.

The name is derived from two camp sites of the famed Portola expedition, which passed through Orange County in July 1769 on its way toward Monterey. Santiago stands for Saint James the Greater who was an apostle and the brother of St. John. July 29th is Saint James’ Day. Santa Ana was named for Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary. Saint Anne’s Day is on July 26. The rancho was known by various names before the American Commission decided on its official name in 1868. The petition of Yorba was for the “Paraje de Santiago”, which meant Santiago Place. Sometimes the rancho was called just “Santiago” or Santa Ana de Santiago.

The Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana stretched northerly for 25 miles, from the ocean to the mountains. Its western boundary followed the southeast bank of the Santa Ana River. The property was bow-shaped, being 2.5 miles wide at the ocean end and 6.5 miles wide in the middle. The land comes to a rounded point on the north end. Located midway along the southern border of the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Red Hill is the point where three famous ranchos come together. From the top of Red Hill you can see lands that once belonged to the Rancho Santiago



de Santa Ana, the Rancho San Joaquin, and the Rancho Lomas De Santiago (Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society 2008).

The OCWD had its beginning in 1933. The newly formed OCWD, covering more than 163,000 acres, was authorized to represent the water users and landowners of the Coastal Plain in litigation. It had the authority to protect the water supply and the rights of those who depended upon it: 60,000 people, whose water use was 86 percent agricultural.

Fortune smiled on the District in its early years: above-average rainfall from 1937 to 1944 yielded bountiful runoff for natural recharge. In fact, some of the heaviest rain ever recorded occurred in 1938. A storm hit February 27 and did not subside until five days later. Ten inches fell on the fourth day alone, at times measuring two inches an hour. Sadly, roads and bridges washed out and 19 people perished.

By 1941, two highly significant public works projects were completed: Prado Dam and the Colorado River Aqueduct. The dam became a high priority after the 1938 flood, but the aqueduct addressed a different problem: population growth in a perennially arid region. In 1942, at a time America was fully engaged in World War II, the U.S. District Court issued a judgment limiting the amount of water that upstream agencies could divert from the Santa Ana River.

As OCWD entered its second decade, groundwater was plentiful throughout the basin. Then disaster struck. A drought that began in 1945 was relieved by only two wet years until the floods came in 1969. An annual overdraft of 100,000 acre-feet brought the average groundwater level to 15 feet below sea level, and ocean water moved into the aquifers. Some wells along the coast began producing brackish water and had to be abandoned. Another world war had ended at last, but the battle of the Orange County groundwater basin was just beginning.

The OCWD has grown far more extensively and rapidly than its founders could possibly have anticipated in 1933. Land has been annexed periodically through the years, as local water agencies have expanded their service areas. The District now covers well over 200,000 acres and serves a population of more than 2.4 million. Also, whereas 86 percent of groundwater in 1933 was pumped for agricultural irrigation, today less than 4 percent is used on the county’s disappearing farmland (OCWD 2013).

Current Conditions

The proposed Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project would be implemented at the northeast corner of the Heritage Museum Site. The Heritage Museum is a cultural and natural history center located at 3101 West Harvard Street, Orange County California. The Heritage Museum contains a historic plaza featuring several buildings from the 1890-s, extensive flora gardens, citrus groves, agriculture demonstration garden area and a restored wetland area.

4.0 METHODS

4.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH

A records search and literature review of documents on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) at California State University, Fullerton was conducted on May 7, 2015 (Attachment A). It was reviewed by BonTerra Psomas prior to the fieldwork. The SCCIC is a designated branch of the California Historical Resources Information System and houses records regarding archaeological and historic resources in Orange, Los Angeles, Ventura and San Bernardino Counties. The review consisted of an examination of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) 7.5-minute Newport Beach Quadrangle to determine if any sites are recorded on or if any



cultural resources studies have been conducted on or within a ½-mile radius of the project site. Data sources consulted at the SCCIC included archaeological records, Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility (DOE), historic maps, and the Historic Property Data File (HPDF) maintained by the Office of Historic Preservation (OHP). The HPDF contains listings for the CRHR and/or the NRHP, California Historical Landmarks (CHL), and California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI).

4.2 NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) was notified of the proposed project on May 7, 2015, and requested to review its Sacred Lands Files for the presence of any cultural resources on or near the project site. General Tribal scoping letters were mailed on November 23, 2016. AB 52 consultation letters were mailed to tribes on November 10, 2016 (Attachment B).

4.3 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH

The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (NHMLAC) was contacted and requested to review their topographical maps for the project area to determine the geology underlying the Project site, the sensitivity of the site for the presence of fossils, and if any fossil-bearing localities had been recorded (Attachment C).

4.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY

On November 10, 2016, BonTerra Psomas Director of Cultural Resources, Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA conducted a pedestrian survey of the project site and APE. The entire APE was examined on foot.

5.0 RESULTS

5.1 CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS

5.1.1 Previous Research

The record search at the SCCIC showed that seven cultural resource studies have been conducted within a one-mile radius of the project site. Those studies consisted of pedestrian field surveys and cultural resource evaluations, or were research oriented and did not involve field work. Three of those involved the Santa Ana River Channel immediately west of Centennial Park. Table 1 lists the studies that were conducted near the Project site.

TABLE 1 CULTURAL RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS WITHIN ONE MILE OF THE

PROJECT AREA

Report No. Author/Year Study Description OR-00801* Langenwalter and Brock 1985 Phase II for Prado Basin and Lower Santa Ana River OR-01770 Bonner 1998 Cell Site Records Search and Literature Review OR-01836* Padon 1998 Cultural Resource Review for Groundwater Replenishment OR-03620 Wlodarski 2002 Phase I Archaeological Study for Valley High School OR-03621 Dice 2002 Archaeological Resources Assessment of Fairview Street OR-04259* Becker et al. 2007 Monitoring Report for Groundwater Replenishment OR-04388 Brunzell 2014 Cultural Resources Assessment for the First Harbor Project * Study area immediately adjacent to western side of Project site.



5.1.2 Current Research

The three studies near the project site were reviewed to determine if they contained any cultural resource information relevant to the Centennial Park area in general and the APE specifically. Other than the Santa Ana River Channel, none of the three reports mention any cultural resources that are located within one mile of the project site. The river itself has not been recorded as a historic resource.

The records search indicates that no cultural resources have been recorded within a one-mile radius of the project site.

Additional data sources consulted at the SCCIC include listings of Archaeological DOE, historic maps, and the HPDF maintained by the California OHP. The HPDF contains listings for the CRHR and/or the NRHP, and the CHL. No cultural resources within the records search area were identified from any of these additional research materials.

Two historical homes are located within the boundary of the Heritage Museum: the Maag House and the Kellogg House.

The John A. Maag House is located at 3101 West Harvard Street. The house was moved from its original location on Fairhaven Avenue to the museum property in 1980. The house was constructed in 1899; it is listed on the HPDF, although it was determined ineligible for the NRHP. It was not evaluated for the CRHR (CSOHP Bulletin #8: 2004). The house was not examined during the current study and its condition is unknown. It will not suffer direct impacts as a result of the proposed project.

The Kellogg House was also moved to the museum property in 1980 from its original location on Orange Avenue. The house has not been evaluated.

None of these resources will be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project.

5.2 NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION SCOPING RESULTS

5.2.1 General Native American Scoping

The NAHC review of the Sacred Lands Files was completed on June 4, 2015. The review failed to indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources on or near the project site (Attachment B). The NAHC acknowledged that its records might not contain all information relevant to Native American sites in the project area and advised BonTerra Psomas to contact various local tribes. The NAHC provided a list of tribes affiliated with the project site. Each tribe on the list was notified in writing of the proposed project on November 23, 2016, and invited to provide any information they may have regarding cultural resources on or near the Project site (Attachment B). No responses have been received to date.

5.2.2 Assembly Bill 52 Consultation

On November 10, 2016, Daniel Bott, Principal Planner at OCWD, contacted the two tribes that have requested to be informed of OCWD projects under AB 52: Joyce Stanfield Perry, Tribal Manager, Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation and Andrew Salas, Chairman, Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians, Kizh Nation. Ms. Perry responded on November 10, 2016, and stated that the tribe has no concerns at this time, but would like to be kept updated if any changes occur. Chairman Salas responded on November 28, 2016. He expressed concern regarding the nearby presence of ancestral territories and the high sensitivity of the area for



containing significant resources. He recommends Native American monitoring during all ground-disturbing activities (Attachment B).

5.3 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS

The NHMLAC reviewed geological maps of the project site to determine the relative paleontological sensitivity of the project site and if known fossil localities were recorded in the area. The results the review were received on May 28, 2015 (Attachment C). According to NHLMAC, the entire project site has surface deposits of younger Quaternary alluvium, derived as fluvial deposits from the Santa Ana River that flows through the western portion of the proposed project area. There are no fossil vertebrate localities anywhere nearby from these deposits, and they are unlikely to contain significant vertebrate fossils, at least in the uppermost layers. Older Quaternary deposits may occur in the proposed project area at unknown depth, however, and contain significant fossil vertebrate remains.

The closest vertebrate fossil locality from these older Quaternary deposits is LACM 1339, southwest of the proposed project area, east of the Santa Ana River near the top of the mesa bluffs along Adams Avenue. This produced fossil specimens of mammoth (Mammuthus) and camel (Camelidae) bones from sands approximately 15 feet below the top of the mesa, which is overlain by shell-bearing silts and sands. Further south and east, locality LACM 4219, along the Newport Freeway near Santa Isabel Avenue, produced fossil specimens of turtle (Testudinanta) and camel (Camelidae). A little further due south of the proposed project area, locality LACM 3267, near the intersection of 19th Street and Anaheim Avenue, produced a specimen of a fossil elephant (Proboscidea).

Surface grading or shallow excavations in the proposed project area probably will not uncover significant vertebrate fossil remains. Excavations that extend down into the older Quaternary deposits, however, may well encounter significant fossil vertebrate specimens. Any substantial excavations below the uppermost layers in the proposed project area, therefore, should be monitored closely to quickly and professionally recover any fossil remains discovered while not impeding development. Sediment samples should also be collected and processed to determine the small fossil potential in these deposits. Any fossils recovered during mitigation should be deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution for the benefit of current and future generations.

5.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESULTS

A pedestrian archaeological survey of the Project site and APE was conducted on November 10, 2016, by BonTerra Psomas Director of Cultural Resources, Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA. Parts of the northern portion of the APE are overgrown by weeds and bushes and the extreme northern end exhibits several piles of concrete and rock, dumped there at some time in the past. The southern half of the APE is developed with student gardens. The entire APE was examined on foot. No archaeological materials were observed during the pedestrian survey.

5.5 FINDINGS OF THE INVESTIGATION

The records on file at the SCCIC indicate that the Heritage Museum and its ancillary structures have undergone cultural resource evaluations (Godinez EIR n.d.). Neither the museum nor the Maag and Kellogg residences are eligible for listing in the NRHP. The NAHC search of their Sacred Lands Inventory was negative for any cultural resources recorded on or near the project site. Written requests to affiliated tribes regarding cultural resources did not result in any additional information. One tribe requested Native American monitoring of grading through the AB 52 consultation process. The project area is moderately sensitive for paleontology. The pedestrian survey of the APE did not identify any cultural resources that merited recordation. No known or



recorded cultural resources are located within the APE. However, because of the presence of cultural resources in the vicinity, there is a possibility that currently unknown and unrecorded cultural resources could be present in the subsurface and could be uncovered during construction activities.

5.6 FINDING OF EFFECT

No cultural resources have been recorded within the APE and none were discovered as a result of this study. Therefore, there is a finding of “No Historic Properties Affected” as a result of the construction of the Heritage Museum Monitoring Wells No. 2 Project.

6.0 MITIGATION

1. Section 15064.5(f) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines states that a lead agency “should make provisions for historical or unique archaeological resources accidentally discovered during construction”. Should archaeological resources be found during ground-disturbing activities for the Project, an Archaeologist shall be retained to first determine whether it is a “unique archaeological resource” pursuant to Section 21083.2(g) of the California Public Resources Code (PRC) or a “historical resource” pursuant to Section 15064.5(a) of the State CEQA Guidelines. If the archaeological resource is determined to be a “unique archaeological resource” or a “historical resource”, the Archaeologist shall formulate a mitigation plan in consultation with the OCWD that satisfies the requirements of the above-referenced sections. If the Archaeologist determines that the archaeological resource is not a “unique archaeological resource” or “historical resource”, s/he may record the site and submit the recordation form to the California Historic Resources Information System at the South Central Coastal Information Center at California State University, Fullerton. Implementation of MM 1 would ensure that impacts to archaeological resources are reduced to a less than significant level.

2. Section 15064.5(f) of the State CEQA Guidelines states that a lead agency “should make provisions for historical or unique archaeological resources accidentally discovered during construction”. In the absence of language specific to paleontological resources, fossils must be evaluated as historical resources under eligibility Criterion 4 (potential to yield important information). Therefore, in the event that paleontological resources are inadvertently unearthed during excavation, the contractor shall immediately cease all earth-disturbing activities a reasonable distance from the area of discovery. OCWD shall retain a qualified paleontologist to evaluate the significance of the discovery and determine an appropriate course of action. After the find has been appropriately mitigated, work in the area may resume. Implementation of MM 2 would ensure that impacts to paleontological resources are reduced to a less than significant level.

3. If human remains are encountered during excavation activities, all work shall halt in the vicinity of the remains and the County Coroner shall be notified (California Public Resources Code, Section 5097.98). The Coroner will determine whether the remains are of forensic interest. If the Coroner, with the aid of a qualified Archaeologist, determines that the remains are prehistoric, s/he will contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC will be responsible for designating the most likely descendant (MLD), who will be responsible for the ultimate disposition of the remains, as required by Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code. The MLD shall make his/her recommendation within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. If feasible, the MLD’s recommendation should be followed and may include scientific removal and non-destructive analysis of the human remains and any items associated with Native



American burials (California Health and Safety Code, Section 7050.5). If the landowner rejects the MLD’s recommendations, the landowner shall rebury the remains with appropriate dignity on the property in a location that will not be subject to further subsurface disturbance (California Public Resources Code, Section 5097.98).

7.0 CERTIFICATION

I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

DATE: December 21, 2016 SIGNED: Patrick Maxon, M.A., RPA

Director, Cultural Resources



8.0 REFERENCES

Bean, Lowell John and Charles R. Smith 1978 Gabrielino. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, California, pp. 538-549.

Robert F. Heizer, volume editor. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.

Blackburn, Thomas 1963 Ethnohistoric Descriptions of Gabrielino Material Culture. University of California

Archaeological Survey Annual Report 1962-1963:1–50. Los Angeles.

Brown, James T. 1985 Harvest of the Sun: An Illustrated History of Riverside County. Windsor

Publications, Northridge.

Cameron, Constance 1999 Determining Tribal Boundaries through Potsherds: An Archaeological Perspective.

Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, Vol. 35, Numbers 2 and 3, Spring/Summer.

Chartkoff, J. L. & K. K. Chartkoff 1984 The Archaeology of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

Cleland, Robert Glass 1966 The Irvine Ranch. Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

n.d. Godinez Fundamental High School EIR

Grant, Campbell 1978 Interior Chumash. In: Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, California,

Robert F. Heizer (Ed.), pp. 530–534. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C.

Harrington, John P. 1933 Annotations. In: Chinigchinich: A Revised and Annotated Version of Alfred

Robinson’s Translation of Father Geronimo Boscana’s Historical Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of this Mission of San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemem Tribe, edited by Phil Townsend Hanna, pp. 91–228. Fine Arts Press, Santa Ana.

Heizer, Robert F. (Ed.) 1968 The Indians of Los Angeles County: Hugo Reid’s Letters of 1852. Southwest

Museum Papers 21. Los Angeles.

Johnston, B. E. 1962 California’s Gabrielino Indians. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles

Koerper, H. C. 1981 Prehistoric Subsistence and Settlement in the Newport Bay Area and Environs,

Orange County, California. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Riverside.

Koerper, H. C. and C. Drover 1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County, The Case from CA-ORA-119-A.

Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 19(2):1–34.



Kroeber, Alfred 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78.

Washington, D.C.

McCawley, W. 1996 The First Angelenos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum

Press/Ballena Press Cooperative Publication, Banning and Novato, California.

Moratto, M. J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Orange County Water District (OCWD) 2013 Historical Information. Electronic Document,

http://www.ocwd.com/About/HistoricalInformation.aspx.

Office of Historic Preservation 1990 Office of Historic Preservation’s (OHP’s) Archaeological Resource Management

Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format. Sacramento, California.

Rolle, Andrew 1998 California: A History. Fifth Edition. Harlan Davidson, Inc., Wheeling, Illinois.

Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society 2008 Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana: The Grijalva, Yorba, Peralta, and Sepulveda Families

(an excerpt from Diann Marsh’s Santa Ana, An Illustrated History, 1994, Heritage Publishing). Electronic document. http://www.santaanahistory.com/articles/ranchos.html.

Smith, David 2015 Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Mid-Basin Centennial Park Injection Well

Project. On file, OCWD and BonTerra Psomas.

Wallace, W. 1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern

Journal of Anthropology 11: 214–230.

Warren, C. N. 1968 Cultural Traditions and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In

Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States. Eastern New Mexico Contributions in Anthropology 1(3): 1–14.

ATTACHMENT A

CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH

SANTA ANA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL PROPERTIES

NO. CATEGORY ADDRESS HISTORIC NAME COMMENTS 1 Landmark 211 West Santa Ana Boulevard Old Orange County Courthouse 2 Landmark 120 West Civic Center Drive Dr. Howe-Waffle House

3 Key 110-122 North Sycamore Streeet & 109-117 North Broadway Grand Central Market

4 Landmark 207 West Second Street Southern Counties Gas Company 5 Landmark 501-505 North Sycamore Street Masonic Temple 6 Landmark 203-205 West Civic Center Drive Y.M.C.A.

7 n/a 308 North Main Street Fox West Coast Theater

Administratively removed from the Register on 4/8/02 at the property owner's request as a

religious organization.

8 n/a 1814-1818 North Main Street Seimsen Building Demolished in 1998 for St. Josephs Ballet

9 Contributive 100-110 South Main Street United Automotive Building

10 Landmark 201-211 North Broadway and 209-217 West Second Street Santora Building

11 Contributive 301-309 West Fourth Street Phillips Block Building

12 n/a 211 North Bush Street Herbert Miller Building Demolished in 2001 by the Olson Company

13 n/a 206-208 North Spurgeon Street Barrows Const. Co. Building Demolished in 2001 by the Olson Company

14 Landmark 113-115 East Santa Ana Boulevard United Presbyterian Church 15 Key 625 South Cypress Avenue Cypress Fire Station

16 n/a 628 East Chestnut Avenue Halladay House Removed by City Council November 3, 1997

17 Landmark 206 West Eighteenth Street Frederick Eley House 18 Landmark 620 South Orange Avenue Collins House 19 Landmark 1210 & 1210 1/2 North Ross Street Z.B. West House

20 Landmark 202-212 West Fourth Street and 318-320 North Sycamore Spurgeon Building

21 Landmark 217 North Main Street Old Santa Ana City Hall 22 Key 1106 North Spurgeon Street Claycomb House 23 Key 210 West Twentieth Street Harding House 24 Landmark 1322 North Sycamore Street Fire Station Headquarters No. 1 25 Landmark 1401 North Durant Street Granville Spurgeon House 26 Key 621 North Spurgeon Street Thomas House 27 Key 712 North Bush Street Winslow-Lawurence House 28 Landmark 802 North French Street Miles Crookshank House 29 Key 501 East Fifth Street Whitson-Powelson House 30 Contributive 400-412 East Fourth Street Hotel Finley 31 Key 1711 North Bush Street Andres House 32 Key 1714 North Bush Street Wagner House 33 Key 1717 North Bush Street Hoefer House 34 Key 1721 North Bush Street Drips House 35 Key 1727 North Bush Street Remsberg House 36 Key 1801 North Bush Street Koepsel House

37 Key 1820 North Bush Street Shriver House 38 Landmark 324 East Pine Street Horton House 39 Landmark 819 North Spurgeon Street Dr. Wehrly House 40 Key 1410 North Bush Street Killey House 41 Key 1602 North Bush Street Fitton House 42 Landmark 625 North French Street Ebell Club 43 Key 1502 North Flower Street G.W. Ross House 44 Key 1516 North Flower Street D.E. Ross House 45 Key 1522 North Flower Street Ross-Wilson House 46 Key 519 East Washington Avenue Glines-Waters House 47 Landmark 718 South Broadway Pomeroy House 48 Landmark 930 South Broadway Hewitt House 49 Key 804 North Baker Street Duhart House

50 Key 1502 North Ross Street Ford House-Pepito and Joanne's Dance Studio

51 n/a 920 North Main Street First Church Christian Scientist Removed by City Council November 3, 1997

52 Landmark 1103 North Broadway McNeill-Basler House 53 Landmark 1015 North Broadway Twist-Basler House/Basler Home 54 Landmark 1315 North Broadway Dr. Raymond Smith House 55 Key 1008 North Broadway Armstrong House 56 Key 1611 North Broadway Clark House 57 Key 1301-1307 North Broadway New Washington Apartments 58 Key 1302-1308 North Broadway La Casa del Rey Apartments 59 Key 1228 North Broadway El Patio Real Apartments 60 Contributive 1010 North Broadway Lockett-Cleland House 61 Key 1320 North Broadway Weissman-Flagg House 62 Contributive 1408 North Broadway Magnolia Apartments 63 Landmark 1411 North Broadway Santa Ana-Tustin Y.W.C.A. 64 Key 1420 North Broadway La Hacienda Apartments 65 Key 1527 North Broadway Smiley A. House

66 Contributive 1601, 1601 ½, 1603, & 1603 ½ North Broadway Head Apartments

67 Contributive 1615 North Broadway Davis House 68 Key 1109 North Broadway Koenig House 69 Key 1205 North Broadway Walter Moore House 70 Contributive 1524-1530 North Sycamore Street De Soto-Sycamore Apartments 71 Landmark 2035 North Broadway Haddon Court/Las Casitas Court

72 Key 2201-2205 1/2 North Broadway and 211-219 1/2 West Buffalo Street Patricia Apartments

73 Landmark 1002 North Broadway Mosbaugh-Loerch House

74 Contributive 717-719 North Main Street Automobile Club of Southern California

75 Key 1919 North Broadway Dr. C. D. Ball House 76 Key 2003 North Broadway Tedford House 77 Contributive 2002 North Broadway Waters House 78 Contributive 2009 North Broadway Farrar House 79 Key 2015 North Broadway Heil House 80 Contributive 2025 North Broadway Weissman-Lyon House 81 Contributive 1541 East Fourth Street Safley House 82 Contributive 119 West Buffalo Avenue Trythall House 83 Key 107 West Buffalo Avenue Woodward House 84 Contributive 207 West Buffalo Avenue Silvey House 85 Key 909 North Main Street Buffum's Department Store

86 Landmark 1108-1108 1/2 West Fifth Street Shelton-Garnsey House 87 Key 1002 West Third Street Busy Bee Market 88 Landmark 1016 North Logan Street McKern House 89 Contributive 1023 North Custer Street Eckman House 90 Contributive 903 East Stafford Street Perry House 91 Contributive 904 East Stafford Street Franke House

92 Key 914-916 East Stafford Street and 926 North Logan Anderson House

93 Contributive 912 East Stafford Street Cummings House 94 Key 1035 West Third Street Martin House 95 Key 1078 West Second Street Dessery House 96 Landmark 602 South Birch Street Heninger House 97 Key 428-432 South Birch Street Sturgeon House 98 Landmark 530 South Birch Street Wilson-Wagner House 99 Landmark 210 West Cubbon Street Franklin Elementary School

100 * 3501 South Greenville Street Greenville Church 101 Contributive 1007-1009 North Broadway Yale Apartments 102 Contributive 1115-1117 North Broadway MacIntosh Apartments 103 Key 1206 North Broadway William Young House 104 Key 1211 North Broadway Kelley House

105 Key 1314 North Broadway The Seventh Day Adventist Church

106 Key 1501 North Broadway Segerstrom House 107 Contributive 1402 North Bush Street Banks/Fuller House 108 Contributive 1406 North Bush Street Tubbs House 109 Contributive 1502 North Bush Street Pickering House

110 n/a 1504 North Bush Street Episcopal Parsonage Removed by City Council November 3, 1997

111 Contributive 1516 North Bush Street Liggitt-Hayes House 112 Contributive 1033 North Custer Street Oscar Smith House 113 Key 202 West Eighteenth Street Ben Warner House 114 Key 1414 East Fairhaven Avenue Nunn House

115 * 202 West Fifteenth Street 2nd Seventh Day Adventist Church

116 Landmark 2139 North Grand Avenue Hasenyager House 117 Contributive 1107-1115 North Main Street Washington Cleaners 118 Contributive 1411 North Main Street Gibson House 119 Contributive 1415 North Main Street Eden-Jacobs House 120 Contributive 1417 North Main Street Nelson Warner House 121 Contributive 1421 North Main Street Galloway House 122 Contributive 2115-2117 North Main Street MacFarlane House 123 Key 2212 North Main Street Elmer Whitney House 124 * 2514 West Warner Avenue Mandersheid House 125 Landmark 315 West Tenth Street Deluxe Apartments

126 n/a 1101 West Third Street United Brethren Church

Administratively removed from the Register on

7/30/01 at the applicants request as a religious

organization. 127 Landmark 1116 North French Street Alexander Home

128 Landmark 313 North Birch Street Armory Hall/American Legion Hall

129 n/a 311 East Washington Avenue Bailey Home Demolished in 1985 after a fire

130 Landmark 1119 North Bush Street Ball House

131 n/a 1402 North Bush Street Banks House Removed by HRC due to duplicate entry 9/7/00

132 Landmark 910 North French Street Beatty House 133 Key 922 North Lacy Street Roth House 134 Landmark 1108 North French Street Bishop House 135 Landmark 2002-2004 North Main Street Bowers Museum 136 Landmark 200 North Main Street Builders Exchange Building

137 Contributive 501 North Main Street Main Investment Company Building Removed by HRC 4/6/06

138 Key 419 East Wellington Avenue Titchenel-Catland House 139 Landmark 321 East Eighth Street Chilton House 140 Key 410 West Fourth Street Clausen Block 141 Key 204 East Washington Avenue Cleaver Home 142 Key 419 East Civic Center Drive Cooper-Johnson Bungalow

143 Key 820 North French Street 320 East Ninth Street Cowles Home

2 addresses, 1 parcel, 1 structure, same parcel as

#229 144 Contributive 219 West Fourth Street Crabtree Saloon 145 Landmark 518 North Broadway Smith-Tuthill Funeral Parlor 146 Landmark 810 North French Street Crookshank Home 147 Contributive 518 South Birch Street Dale House 148 Contributive 831 North French Street Gowdy House

149 Contributive 505 North Main Street Sears-Roebuck & Co. - Hills, Inc. Building Removed by HRC 1/8/04

150 n/a 1106 North Spurgeon Street Diers Home Removed by HRC due to duplicate entry 9/7/00

151 Key 932 North French Street Rutan House 152 Contributive 214-218 West Fourth Street The Elwood 153 Contributive 221-223 West Fourth Street Fashion Saloon

154 n/a 311-315 West Fourth Street Freeman Block Demolished in 1986 for Federal Courthouse

155 Contributive 110 West Fourth Street Gilbert Dry Goods 156 Landmark 125 North Broadway Grand Central Building 157 n/a 1131 West Civic Center Drive Hamaker House Removed by HRC 9/7/00 158 Landmark 817 North Lacy Street Harmon McNeil House 159 Contributive 710 South Ross Street Harmon's Castle 160 Contributive 213-217 West Fourth Street Hawley's Sporting Goods 161 Contributive 1209 North Spurgeon Street Hervey House 162 Contributive 1009 North French Street Hickox Home (1st) 163 Key 1218 North French Street Hickox Home (2nd) 164 Contributive 112-114 West Fourth Street Hill and Cardin Company 165 Key 1101 North French Street Hill-Hawley House 166 Key 517-519 North Main Street Horton's Furniture Building 167 n/a 113-115 West Fourth Street Huff Clothiers See #236-Duplicate 168 Contributive 1201 North Bush Street Isaacson House 169 Landmark 936 West Eighteenth Street Juhlin Victorian Cottage 170 Contributive 710 North Spurgeon Street Bullard House

171 n/a 528 East Walnut Street Kelly Victorian Cottage Demolished in 1982 for a new apartment bldg.

172 Landmark 2526 North Santiago Street Kleidosty House

173 Key 420-424 North Broadway and 300-322 West Fifth Street Knights of Pythias Hall

174 Key 402-408 West Fourth Street Lawrence Building

175 Key 407; 409-411 North Broadway J.J. Wilson's Shoeshine Parlor; Beem Building

176 Landmark 3101 West Harvard Street, Buildings B, C & D Maag Ranch House

177 Key 925 North Lacy Street Marylin Apartments 178 Contributive 515 North Main Street McFadden Public Market

179 Contributive 400 West Fourth Street Old Company L Armory/Mills & Edwards Feed Store

180 Landmark 322 West Third Street Minter House

181 n/a 317 West Fourth Street Montague Building Demolished in 1986 for Federal Courthouse

182 Key 323-325 North Broadway and 222 West Fourth Street Moore Building

183 Contributive 206 East Washington Avenue Morrow Bungalow

184 n/a 309-311 North Main Street Odd Fellows Hall

Administratively removed from the Register on 4/8/02 at the property owner's request as a


185 Contributive 105-109 West Fourth Street Old Woolworth's Building

186 Contributive 116-120 West Fourth Street Orange Co. Savings & Trust Bldg.

187 Key 101 West Fourth Street Otis Building

188 Key 225-227 North Broadway and 214, 216 & 220 West Third Street Pacific Building

189 Contributive 414-418 West Fourth Street Parson Apartments 190 Contributive 412 West Fourth Street Parson Apartments Annex 191 Key 118-120 West Fifth Street Ramona Building 192 Landmark 117 West Fourth Street Rankin Department Store

193 Key 219 East Washington Avenue Robinson Home & Carriage House

194 Contributive 415 North Sycamore Street Rohrs Building 195 Landmark 1020 North Baker Street Ross-McNeal House 196 Contributive 1107 North French Street Russell Home 197 Contributive 108 West Fourth Street SA Hardware Co. Building 198 Contributive 209-211 West Fourth Street Semi-Tropic #2

199 n/a 1114-1116 West Fifth Street Shelton House Removed by HRC due to duplicate entry 9/7/00

200 n/a 1108-1108 1/2 West Fifth Street Shelton-Townsend House Removed by HRC due to duplicate entry 9/7/00

201 Key 209 East Washington Avenue Schildmeyer Home 202 Contributive 520-522 East Wellington Avenue Singer-Turner Duplex 203 Landmark 2900 North Flower Street Smiley House 204 Landmark 801 North French Street Smith A. Home 205 Contributive 1235 North French Street Smith H. Home 206 Key 1230 North French Street Smith W. Home 207 Contributive 820 North Lacy Street Hamaker-Spencer House 208 Key 1224 North French Street Sprague Home

209 n/a 729-727 North Minter Street St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church

Administratively removed from the Register on

9/21/01 at the property owner's request as a


210 n/a 305 West Fourth Street Sam Stein Store See #11-Duplicate 211 Landmark 1216 North French Street Thee Home 212 Key 1207 North Spurgeon Street Tubbs Home

213 Contributive 1109 & 1109 1/2 North French Street Van Wyk Home

214 Contributive 118-122 West Fourth Street Vandermast's 215 Contributive 220 West Fourth Street Waite's Saloon 216 Key 2422 North Fairmont Avenue Wallace House 217 Contributive 904 North Garfield Street Wanzlaff Home 218 Landmark 322-326 West Fourth Street West End Theatre

219 Key 506 East Washington Ave. Unit A & B Whitney Home

220 Key 301 East Eighth Street Whitson Home 221 Key 1502 North Main Street Williams House 222 Contributive 714 North Spurgeon Street Wood House 223 Landmark 831-835 North Minter Street Wright House 224 Key 502-512 East Wellington Avenue Yost Apartments 225 Key 815 North French Street Young Home 226 Contributive 201 West First Street Zerman Building

227 Contributive 115 North Sycamore Street Central Auto Body Works Property demolished on 4/03/03

228 Contributive 822 South Van Ness Avenue Haven House 229 Contributive 312 East Ninth Street Moore-Engler House Same parcel as #143 230 Landmark 921 North Sycamore Street First Church of Christ Scientist 231 Landmark 201 East Washington Keech-Klatt House 232 Landmark 30 Civic Center Plaza Orange County Courthouse 233 Key 2351 N. North Park Boulevard Spencer House 234 Landmark 102-106 West Fourth Street First National Bank Building 235 Contributive 309 West Third Street Commercial Building 236 Contributive 113 West Fourth Street Tinkers Jewelry 237 Contributive 310 West Fourth Street Bon Ton Bakery 238 Contributive 104 East Fourth Street Dragon Confectionery 239 Contributive 116 East Fourth Street Brunner Building/Old City Jail 240 Contributive 217-221 North Broadway Gilmaker Auto Agency Building 241 Contributive 312 North Broadway Gerwig's Bicycle Shop 242 Key 315 West Third Street Dr. Horton Building 243 Key 312-316 West Fourth Street Semi-Tropic Hotel

244 Key 302-308 1/2 West Fourth Street and 324 North Broadway Gilmaker Block

245 Key 102 East Fourth Street Dibble Building

246 Key 108, 110, 110 1/2, 112, & 112 1/2 East Fourth Street Shaffer-Wakeham Building

247 Key 118 East Fourth Street Kryhl Building 248 Key 202-208 North Broadway Empire Market 249 Key 302-310 North Broadway Gilmaker Broadway Block 250 Key 315 North Main Street Carey Smith Building 251 Landmark 614 North Bush Street Episcopal Church of the Messiah

252 Landmark 3101 West Harvard Street, Building A Kellogg House

253 Landmark 517 East Fourteenth Street Santa Ana Water Tower 254 Contributive 312-316 East Fourth Street Semi-Tropic #1 255 Key 318-320 East Fourth Street Musselman Block

256 Landmark 200-210 East Fourth Street and 313 North Bush Street Hervey-Finley Block

257 Landmark 1102-1102 1/2 North French Street Kittle-Perkins House

258 Landmark 918 North French Street Gleason-Carden House

259 Landmark 916 North French Street George Smith House Smith-Frank House

260 Landmark 719 North Spurgeon Street Brown-Baker House

261 Landmark 801 North Minter Street, Unit A & B Cooper House

262 Key 1120 North Spurgeon Street Axelson House 263 Key 720 North French Street Cochems House 264 Key 1006 North French Street Morris House 265 Key 1112 North French Street James Alexander House 266 Key 802 North Minter Street Kinley House 267 Contributive 1019 North Spurgeon Street Sutton House 268 Contributive 1016 North French Street Beals House 269 Contributive 805 North Minter Street Eimers House 270 Landmark 825 North Lacy Street Duggan House 271 Key 818-820 North Minter Street Davies Duplex 272 Key 802 North Lacy Street Langley House 273 Key 901-903 North Lacy Street El Solano Apartments 274 Key 926-928 North Lacy Street Terry Stephenson House 275 Contributive 806 North Minter Street Hutchings House 276 Contributive 813 North Minter Street Kittle House 277 Contributive 814 North Minter Street Davies House 278 Contributive 815 North Minter Street Grim House 279 Contributive 824 North Minter Street Haynes House 280 Contributive 812 North Lacy Street Warne House 281 Key 902-904 North Lacy Street Sanborn Apartments No. 1 282 Contributive 914-914 1/2 North Lacy Street Dierker Houses 283 Contributive 919 North Lacy Street Straub House 284 Contributive 806 North Lacy Street Harvey House 285 Key 930 North Lacy Street Robbins House 286 Key 906-908 North Lacy Street Sanborn Apartments No. 2 287 Contributive 803 North Garfield Street Childs House 288 Contributive 813 North Garfield Street Stearns House 289 Contributive 819 North Garfield Street Albert Beals House 290 Contributive 820 North Garfield Street Etchison House (1) 291 Contributive 908 North Garfield Street Turner House 292 Contributive 912 North Garfield Street Goodwin House 293 Key 713 North Spurgeon Street Fox House 294 Key 808-810 1/2 North Spurgeon Street Dawes Perkins House 295 Key 1003 North Spurgeon Street Hansler House 296 Contributive 821 North Garfield Street Nathan Beals House 297 Contributive 824 North Garfield Street Ayers House 298 Contributive 826 North Garfield Street Etchinson House 299 Contributive 916 North Garfield Street Adkinson House 300 Landmark 1110 North Spurgeon Street Pease House

301 Key 220 East Washingon Street 1206 North Spurgeon Street Cameron House

302 Key 305 East Washington Street Wilson House 303 Key 323 East Washington Street Op-Huff House 304 Key 327 East Washington Street Haley House 305 Contributive 1105 North Spurgeon Street Williams House 306 Contributive 420 East Washington Street Hulber/Toole House 307 Landmark 212 East Chestnut Avenue C.W. West House 308 Key 505 & 505 1/2 East Washington Thompson House

Ave. 309 Key 222 South Cypress Avenue Dinsmore House 310 Contributive 501 East Washington Avenue Liggett-Wallace House 311 Contributive 1225 North French Street Davis-Hoy House 312 Contributive 215 South Cypress Avenue Sylvester House 313 Landmark 701 South Halladay Street Clinard House 314 Key 301 South Cypress Avenue Crose House 315 Key 311 South Cypress Avenue Kendall House 316 Key 316 South Cypress Avenue Huff-Sleeper House 317 Key 902-904 South Cypress Avenue Clothier House 318 Key 1116 South Cypress Avenue Duarte House 319 Key 324 East Myrtle Street Richter House 320 Key 306 South Orange Avenue Turner-Potter-Lyon House 321 Key 617-619 South Orange Avenue McWilliams House 322 Landmark 702 South Orange Avenue George R. Smith House 323 Landmark 818 South Orange Avenue Inman House 324 Landmark 402 East Pine Street Gray House 325 Contributive 501 East Walnut Street Carnahan House 326 Landmark 1602-1604 East Fourth Street Quick-Watts House 327 Key 610 East Fourth Street Foster House 328 Landmark 1617 East Fourth Street Borchard House 329 Landmark 706 East Walnut Hawkins House Register/Placement 330 Landmark 1810 North Greenleaf Street Greenwald Casazza House 331 Landmark 1816 North Heliotrope Drive Hillis House Register/Placement 332 Landmark 1904 North Heliotrope Drive Elliott House Register/Placement 333 Landmark 2321 North Park Boulevard Ranney House 334 Landmark 1913 North Victoria Drive Storey House 335 Landmark 2335 North Park Boulevard Emison-Georgieff House 336 Landmark 2409 North Park Boulevard Zlaket House 337 Landmark 1914 North Victoria Drive Anton Segerstrom House 338 Landmark 1920 North Victoria Drive E.B. Sprague/Schauwecker House 339 Key 541 West Santa Clara Avenue Petz House 340 Contributive 1917 North Victoria Drive Hoiles House 341 Landmark 2002 North Victoria Drive Parke/St. Jacques House 342 Landmark 2003 North Victoria Drive Cotant House 343 Landmark 2006 North Victoria Drive Carden House 344 Landmark 2009 North Victoria Drive Russell House 345 Landmark 2010 North Victoria Drive Reid House 346 Landmark 2019 North Victoria Drive Was House 347 Landmark 2020 North Victoria Drive Wells House 348 Landmark 2024 North Victoria Drive Hammond-Haan House 349 Landmark 2028 North Victoria Drive George House

350 Landmark 2035 North Victoria Drive Tuthill House Removed by HRC from Register on 8/7/03

351 Landmark 2117 North Victoria Drive L.A. West House 352 Key 2025 North Victoria Drive Ducket House 353 Landmark 2473 North Heliotrope Drive Robertson House 354 Landmark 2221 North Heliotrope Drive Maharajah House 355 Landmark 475 North Lacy Street Pacific Electric Substation #1 356 Key 403 East Santa Clara F.S. Bishop House 357 Contributive 920 North Towner Street Towner-Rogers House 358 Landmark 1815 North Flower Street Hershiser House 359 Key 1002 West Washington Avenue Files House 360 Key 1524 North Baker Street Chamberlin House

361 Key 1006 North Freeman Street Hagan House 362 Contributive 1110 West Washington Avenue Hendrie House 363 Contributive 1308 North Baker Street Axworthy House 364 Contributive 827 North Freeman Street Rabe House

365 Contributive 1310 North Louise Street Miller House Denied placement/categorization on 3/5/04 HRC meeting.

366 Contributive 1103 North Lowell Street Crocker House 367 Contributive 926 North Olive Street Veatch House 368 Contributive 1308 North Olive Street Matzen House 369 Contributive 1407 North Towner Street Sanborn House 370 Key 1106 South Parton Street Whitten House 371 Key 1102 South Birch Street O'Brien House 372 Contributive 1226 South Birch Street Sandstrom House (1) 373 Contributive 1310 South Birch Street Masin House 374 Contributive 1101 South Birch Street Pimental House 375 Contributive 1205 South Birch Street Levengood House 376 Contributive 1218 South Broadway Bowman House 377 Contributive 1229 South Broadway Irish House 378 Contributive 1320 South Broadway Gordon House 379 Contributive 1330 South Broadway Wahl House 380 Contributive 1205 South Garnsey McKee House 381 Contributive 1301 South Garnsey Lambros-O'Day House 382 Contributive 1110 South Parton Friend House 383 Contributive 1102 South Ross Cheney House 384 Contributive 1141 South Ross Klasell House

385 Key 924 North Lowell Street Joe Lowell House will appeal 6/3/04 HRC approval

386 Landmark 2510 North Valencia Street Taylor-Oglesby House 387 Landmark 1720 North Poinsettia Street Enderle House 388 Key 2401 North Santiago Street Goodwin House 389 Key 2315 North Santiago Street Baker House 390 Contributive 1230 South Birch Sandstrom House (2) 391 Key 2421 North Oakmont Avenue R.R. Ross House 392 Contributive 2335 North Oakmont Avenue Anderson House

393 Contributive 2428 North Oakmont Avenue Forgy House Denied

placement/categorization on 6/3/04 HRC meeting.

394 Contributive 2104 North Santiago Street Tidball House 395 Contributive 2420 North Santiago Street Hays-Crumbaker House 396 blank blank blank blank 397 Contributive 1920 North Poinsettia Street Esau House 398 Contributive 521 East Santa Clara Avenue Schmidt House 399 Contributive 2306 North Spurgeon Street Kennedy House 400 Landmark 121 South Birch, Units 1-8 Kaiser Apartments 401 Landmark 426, 426-A & 426-B South Birch Mooney House 402 Landmark 516 South Birch Crasher House 403 Landmark 730 South Birch Bushard House 404 Landmark 711 South Broadway Harding House 405 Key 202 & 202 1/2 South Birch Beisel House 406 Key 204-206 South Birch Nau House 407 Key 829 South Sycamore Swoffer House 408 Key 506 South Birch Crane House 409 Key 214 South Birch McMath House 410 Key 410 South Broadway Spencer House (2)

411 Key 424 South Broadway Coselman House 412 Key 314-318 South Broadway Cook House 413 Key 624 South Birch A. Armstrong House 414 Landmark 2520 North Valencia Street Taylor-Gustlin House 415 Landmark 214 East Santa Clara Avenue McCowan House

416 Key 1905 North Valencia Street F.B. Elliot House pending appeal to City Council 1/18/05

417 Landmark 222 South Birch Street Stein House 418 Key 731 South Birch Street Welbon House 419 Key 306 South Birch Street Harlan House 420 Key 406 South Birch Street Sturgeon-Campbell House 421 Contributive 426-426 1/2 South Broadway Gillespie House 422 Contributive 2014 North Bush Street McClain House 423 Key 2310 North North Park Boulevard Winckler House 424 Contributive 707 South Birch Street Judd-Wiseman House 425 Key 210 South Birch Street Covington House 426 Key 317 East Santa Clara Wettlin House 427 Contributive 419 West 19th Stree Yeary House 428 Contributive 1928 North Greenleaf Zimmerman House

429 Landmark 2046 North Flower Street E. Wagner House Administratively added the initial E to historic

name 1/7/08 430 Key 1911 North Westwood Street A.T. Bates Ranch House 431 Key 2009 North Baker Price-Preston House 432 Key 2402 North Flower Street Millman House 433 Landmark 1904 North Flower Street Van Horne-Amsler House 434 Contributive 2040 North Flower Street Anderson-Edgerton House 435 Landmark 2112 North Flower Street Wright-Tiernan House 436 Landmark 1719 North Heliotrope Drive Bulpitt House 437 Landmark 2033 North Greenleaf Gustlin House 438 Contributive 2008 North Greenleaf Mosher House 439 Contributive 1112 North Olive Street Nall House 440 Landmark 2348 North Northpark Boulevard Spicer House 441 Key 1504-1506 West Fifth Street Mercereau House 442 Key 615 North Daisy Street Gonsales House 443 Contributive 1906 West Second Street Ramirez House 444 Contributive 1410 West Third Street Joplin House 445 Contributive 1721 West Sixth Street Harrison-Pena House 446 Key 1402 West Seventh Street Edgar House 447 Key 2419 North Bonnie Brae D.R. Ball House 448 Contributive 4921 West Progresso Street Perez House 449 Contributive 5214 West Fifth Street Flores House 450 Contributive 1916 North Flower Street Lewis House 451 Key 2315 North Riverside Drive Webster House 452 Contributive 2424 North Valencia Charles Waffle House 453 Key 1220 West Second Street Thorp-Navarro House 454 Contributive 1014 West Third Street Fairbanks House 455 Contributive 1123 West Third Street Stuessy House 456 Contributive 1236 West Third Street Watry House 457 Contributive 1237 West Third Street Guillen House 458 Contributive 1111 West Fifth Street Litten House 459 Contributive 1132 West Fifth Street Rumsey House 460 Contributive 1215 West Sixth Street Lancaster House 461 Contributive 2010 North Bush Street Wilkes House

462 Contributive 1909 North Bush Street Hill House 463 Contributive 2056 North Bush Street Melton House 464 Contributive 1724 North Spurgeon Street Winslow House 465 Contributive 2102 North Ross Street Smedley House 466 Contributive 2042 North Ross Street Besser House 467 Contributive 1101 West Sixth Street Ward House 468 Contributive 2612 North Flower Street Roehm House 469 Contributive 2606 North Flower Street M.W. Peterson House 470 Contributive 2602 North Flower Street W.F. Peterson House 471 Key 2909 North Fallbrook Drive Burns House 472 Key 2620 North Flower Street Miller-Taylor House 473 Contributive 2126 North Ross Street MacKay House 474 Contributive 2309 North Flower Street Clyde A. Martin House 475 Contributive 2415 North Poinsettia Street Dixon House 476 Contributive 919 West Camile Street Brooks House 477 Contributive 1015 West Camile Street Evans House 478 Contributive 1923 North Greenleaf Street Barck House 479 Contributive 2371 North Riverside Drive Watters House 480 Contributive 818 South Main Street Leak House 481 Contributive 2357 North Riverside Drive Warner House 482 Contributive 1121 South Van Ness Woodfill House 483 Contributive 211 South Franklin Street Reyes House 484 Contributive 405 South Franklin Street Mendoza House 485 Key 219 South Franklin Street De La Riva House 486 Contributive 2414 North Bonnie Brae R.G. Hewitt House 487 Key 2450 North Riveside Drive Mathews House 488 Contributive 2140 North Ross Street Utt House 489 Contributive 2429 North Heliotrope Drive Kelly House 490 Key 1907 North Flower Street Bower House 491 Contributive 1932 North Heliotrope Drive Oelschlager House 492 Key 2410 North Bonnie Brae Taylor House 493 Contributive 2128 North Greenleaf Street Markel House 494 Contributive 2144 North Greenleaf Street Rogers-Morrison House 495 Contributive 1819 North Ross Street Wells-Robbins House 496 Contributive 2412 North Heliotrope Drive Heninger-Anderson House 497 Contributive 2127 North Ross Street Morris-Menton House 498 Contributive 1824 North Ross Street W.H. Dixon House 499 Key 1920 North Heliotrope Drive John S. Fluor Jr. House 500 Contributive 1816 North Flower Street B. Warner House 501 Contributive 2110 North Ross Street Schenk House 502 Key 212 East Berkeley Street Mitchell House 503 Contributive 1205 South Cypress Street Johnson House 504 Contributive 1232 South Cypress Street Loy House 505 Contributive 1324 South Cypress Street Eudaly House 506 Contributive 1325 South Cypress Street Gardner House 507 Contributive 1449 South Cypress Street Gardiner House 508 Contributive 1418 South Orange Avenue Styring House 509 Contributive 1426 South Orange Avenue Gobbs House 510 Contributive 1441 South Orange Avenue Maynard House 511 Contributive 216 East Pomona Street Barr House 512 Contributive 316 East Pomona Street Affleck House 513 Key 2018 North Greenleaf Street Wahlberg House 514 Contributive 1110 South Birch Street R. Lewis House 515 Contributive 2345 North Heliotrope Drive Waddell House

516 Contributive 2022 North Heliotrope Drive Hester-Vandermas House 517 Key 1201 South Halladay Witmer House 518 Contributive 121 East St. Andrew Van Meter House 519 Contributive 904 North Olive Street Grant House 520 Contributive 2468 North Riverside Drive Hanson House 521 Key 2402 North Bonnie Brae Van Dien House 522 Contributive 2207 North Flower Street Ranney House 523 Contributive 2412 North Valencia E. Johnson House 524 Key 1138 West Sharon Road Peterson House 525 Contributive 2403 North Riverside Drive McBride House 526 Contributive 2336 North Riverside Drive Gerken House 527 Contributive 2415 North Riverside Drive Alymore-Stephenson House 528 Key 2341 North Bonnie Brae Swanner House 529 Key 2437 North North Park Boulevard Coffing House 530 Contributive 2475 North Heliotrope Drive Rohrbacher House 531 Contributive 2481 North Riverside Drive Brown-McDonald House 532 Contributive 2103 North Ross Street Rowell House 533 Contributive 2434 North Heliotrope Drive Meyer House 534 Contributive 2417 North Valencia Drive Granger House 535 Contributive 2366 North Riverside Drive Henninger-Greever House 536 Contributive 2408 North Riverside Drive Watkins-Cooke House 537 Landmark 301-307 North Spurgeon Street Yost Theater 538 Landmark 600 East Washington Street Santa Ana Community Hospital 539 Contributive 1809 North Heliotrope Drive Miller House 540 Landmark 601 North Bush Street U.S. Post Office, Spurgeon Office 541 Contributive 201 West Fourth Street Fallas-Paredes/Woolworth's 542 Contributive 202 South Broadway Jackman House 543 Contributive 2420 North Valencia Avenue Sorenson-Spielman House 544 Key 2360 North North Park Boulevard J.C. Horton House 545 Contributive 1812 North Heliotrope Drive Bryte House 546 Contributive 2460 North North Park Boulevard H. Baldwin House 547 Contributive 2323 North Bonnie Brae Liggett House 548 Contributive 2033 North Flower Street Meyers-Tubbs House 549 Contributive 602 South Broadway Fipps-Fink House 550 Contributive 2204 North Greenleaf Street Alice Peterson House 551 Contributive 2454 North Heliotrope Drive J.C. Smith House 552 Contributive 2003 North Ross Street Frandson House 553 Contributive 2345 North North Park Boulevard Gear House 554 Contributive 2134 North Ross Street Conklin House 555 Contributive 2022 North Ross Street Cotton Mather House 556 Contributive 917 North Louise Street W.P. Heninger House 557 Contributive 2127 North Greenleaf Street E.B. Smith House 558 Contributive 413 West Santa Clara Avenue Neff House 559 Key 2346 North North Park Boulevard C. Swanner House 560 Key 2109 North Heliotrope Drive Stauffer House 561 Key 1901 North Heliotrope Drive Hall-Knickerbocker House 562 Contributive 2002 North Heliotrope Drive Lasby House 563 Key 2453 North Riverside Drive Walker House 564 Contributive 2418 North Poinsettia Drive Stanley House 565 Contributive 2450 North Bonnie Brae Berck-Gilbert House 566 Key 1584 East Santa Clara Avenue Sexlinger Farmhouse and Orchard 567 Contributive 2214 North Greenleaf Jacobs House

* To be categorized Red marks are administrative modifications to be made.

Updated 4/14/14

ATTACHMENT B

NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION

3 Hutton Centre Drive, Suite 200 Santa Ana, CA 92707-8794 • T: 714.751.7373 • F: 714.545.8883

TRANSMITTAL DATE: May 12, 2015 TO: Ms. Katy Sanchez Associate Government Program

Analyst Native American Heritage Comm. 1550 Harbor Boulevard, Ste. 100 West Sacramento, CA 95691

FAX NUMBER: (916) 657-5390 TEL NUMBER: (916) 653-6251 PROJECT: 3OCW000508 FROM: Patrick O. Maxon

Fax / Pages E-Mail Fed Ex / Overnite Express Delivery / Courier

REGARDING: Sacred Lands File Search and Contact List Request

Dear Ms. Sanchez:

BonTerra Psomas has been retained to complete a cultural resources study written to the standards of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the proposed Centennial Park Mid-Basin Injection Well Project located in the City of Santa Ana, Orange County, California. This project does not require a General or Specific Plan amendment or adoption; therefore, the project is not subject to the statutory requirements of Senate Bill 18. At your earliest convenience, please conduct a search of the Sacred Lands File for the proposed project, located within Section 22 (Township 5 South; Range 10 West) of the USGS Newport Beach, CA 7.5 Minute Quadrangle. Refer to attached exhibit. The Orange County Water District (OCWD) is proposing to construct four injection wells at Centennial Park and a single monitoring well at the Heritage Museum. The proposed injection wells will inject recycled water from the OCWD Groundwater Replenishment System (GWR System) into the principal aquifer. The GWR System is a joint water reclamation project with OCWD and the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD). The GWR System takes secondary treated wastewater and through advancement treatment treats the water to exceed drinking water standards. By injecting GWR System into the principal aquifer, OCWD will be able to provide additional sources of water to replenish the Orange County Groundwater Basin. Please fax the results to me at (714) 545-8883, or e-mail to [email protected], referencing your letter to the “Centennial Park Mid-Basin Injection Well Project”. If you have any questions or require any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at (714) 751-7373 or via email. Sincerely, BonTerra Psomas

Patrick O. Maxon, M.A., RPA Director, Cultural Resources

Notification for Consultation

Purpose

The purpose of this notification is to coordinate with your tribe on the need to consult on the Orange County Water District Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project. The intent of this notification is to satisfy the tribal consultation requirements provided in Assembly Bill AB 52.

Background

The Orange County Water District (OCWD) was formed by a special act of California in 1933 to manage the Orange County Groundwater Basin. The groundwater basin extends over portions of central and northern Orange County and provides underground water supplies to 23 cities and over 2.3 million persons. One of the roles of OCWD is to monitor the water quality of the groundwater basin. At this time OCWD is conducting an initial environmental study, in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to determine the type of environmental document to prepare for the Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project. OCWD would be the Lead Agency for the CEQA environmental document.

Proposed Project

A description of the proposed project and the project site setting is provided in Attachment A.

Coordination Requirements

Section 21080.3.1 of the Public Resources Code requires a Lead Agency to consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation for potential impacts to tribal cultural resources. In accordance with the Public Resources Code, if a tribe wishes to engage in consultation, the tribe must respond to the Lead Agency within 30 days of receipt of this notification. Your tribe has requested to be informed on activities conducted by OCWD that could affect tribal cultural resources. At this time we are formally requesting if you have any knowledge of tribal scared lands or other tribal cultural resources on or near the study area and if you are requesting to consult on the Heritage Museum Monitoring Well No. 2 Project. The consultation review period for the project will extend from November 10, 2016 to December 10, 2016.

If you have any questions regarding this Notification for Consultation please contact Daniel Bott at (714) 378-3256 or at [email protected].

Andrew Salas, Chairman Nadine Salas, Vice-Chairman Christina Swindall Martinez, secretary

Albert Perez, treasurer I Martha Gonzalez Lemos, treasurer II Richard Gradias, Chairman of the council of Elders

PO Box 393 Covina, CA 91723 [email protected] [email protected]

GABRIELENO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS – KIZH NATION Historically known as The San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians

recognized by the State of California as the aboriginal tribe of the Los Angeles basin Patrick O. Maxon, M.A., RPA Cultural Resources Director RE: AB52 consultation response for the USGS Newport Beach, CA 7.5 Minute Quadrangle in Section 22; Township 5 South; Range 10 West Dear Patrick, Nov 28, 2016 Please find this letter in response to your request for consultation dated Nov 23, 2016. I have reviewed the project site and do have concerns for cultural resources. Your project lies in an area where the Ancestral territories of the Kizh (Kitc) Gabrieleño’s villages adjoined and overlapped with each other, at least during the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Periods. The homeland of the Kizh Gabrieleño was probably the most influential Native American group in aboriginal southern California (Bean and Smith 1978a:538), was centered in the Los Angeles Basin, and reached as far east as the San Bernardino-Riverside area. The homeland of our neighbors the Serranos was primarily the San Bernardino Mountains, including the slopes and lowlands on the north and south flanks. Whatever the linguistic affiliation, Native Americans in and around the project area exhibited similar organization and resource procurement strategies. Villages were based on clan or lineage groups. Their home/ base sites are marked by midden deposits often with bedrock mortars. During their seasonal rounds to exploit plant resources, small groups would migrate within their traditional territory in search of specific plants and animals. Their gathering strategies of ten left behind signs of special use sites, usually grinding slicks on bedrock boulders, at the locations of the resources. Due to the project location and the high sensitivity of the area location, we would like to request one of our certified Native American Monitor to be on site during any and all ground disturbances (including but not limited to pavement removal, post holing, auguring, boring, grading, excavation and trenching) to protect any cultural resources which may be effected during construction or development. In all cases, when the Native American Heritage Commission states there are “no records of sacred sites in the project area” the NAHC will always refer lead agencies to the respective Native American Tribe because the NAHC is only aware of general information and are not the experts on each California Tribe. Our Elder Committee & Tribal Historians are the experts for our Tribe and are able to provide a more complete history (both written and oral) regarding the location of historic villages, trade routes, cemeteries and sacred/religious sites in the project area. While the property may be located in an area that has been previously developed, numerous examples can be shared to show that there still is a possibility that unknown, yet significant, cultural resources will be encountered during ground disturbance activities. Please note, if they haven’t been listed with the NAHC, it doesn’t mean that they aren’t there. Not everyone reports what they know.

The recent implementation of AB52 dictates that lead agencies consult with Native American Tribes who can prove and document traditional and cultural affiliation with the area of said project in order to protect cultural resources. However, our tribe is connected Ancestrally to this project location area, what does Ancestrally or Ancestral mean? The people who were in your family in past times, Of, belonging to, inherited from, or denoting an ancestor or ancestors http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ancestral. Our priorities are to avoid and protect without delay or conflicts – to consult with you to avoid unnecessary destruction of cultural and biological resources, but also to protect what resources still exist at the project site for the benefit and education of future generations. At your convenience we can Consultation either by Phone or Face to face. Thank you

CC: NAHC

With respect,

Andrew Salas, Chairman cell (626)926-4131

ATTACHMENT C

NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORDS SEARCH

Vertebrate Paleontology SectionTelephone: (213) 763-3325

Fax: (213) 746-7431e-mail: [email protected]

28 May 2015

BonTerra Psomas3 Hutton Centre Drive, Suite 200Santa Ana, CA 92707

Attn: David M. Smith, Senior Archaeologist

re: Paleontological Resources for the proposed Centennial Park Project, in the City of Santa Ana,Orange County, project area

Dear David:

I have conducted a thorough search of our Vertebrate Paleontology records for theproposed Centennial Park Project, in the City of Santa Ana, Orange County, project area asoutlined on the portion of the Newport Beach USGS topographic quadrangle map that you sent tome via e-mail on 7 May 2015. We do not have any vertebrate fossil localities that lie within theproposed project area boundaries, but we do have localities nearby from the same sedimentaryunits that may occur subsurface in the proposed project area.

The entire proposed project has surface deposits of younger Quaternary Alluvium,derived as fluvial deposits from the Santa Ana River that flows through the western portion ofthe proposed project area. We have no fossil vertebrate localities anywhere nearby from thesedeposits and they are unlikely to contain significant vertebrate fossils, at least in the uppermostlayers. Older Quaternary deposits may occur in the proposed project area at unknown depth,however, and contain significant fossil vertebrate remains.

Our closest vertebrate fossil locality from these older Quaternary deposits is LACM 1339,just west of south of the proposed project area east of the Santa Ana River near the top of themesa bluffs along Adams Avenue, that produced fossil specimens of mammoth, Mammuthus,and camel, Camelidae, bones from sands approximately 15 feet below the top of the mesa that is

overlain by shell bearing silts and sands. Further south and east, our locality LACM 4219, alongthe Newport Freeway near Santa Isabel Avenue, produced fossil specimens of turtle,Testudinanta, and camel, Camelidae. A little further due south of the proposed project area ourlocality LACM 3267, near the intersection of 19 Street and Anaheim Avenue, produced ath

specimen of a fossil elephant, Proboscidea.

Surface grading or shallow excavations in the proposed project area probably will notuncover significant vertebrate fossil remains. Excavations that extend down into the olderQuaternary deposits, however, may well encounter significant fossil vertebrate specimens. Anysubstantial excavations below the uppermost layers in the proposed project area, therefore,should be monitored closely to quickly and professionally recover any fossil remains discoveredwhile not impeding development. Sediment samples should also be collected and processed todetermine the small fossil potential in these deposits. Any fossils recovered during mitigationshould be deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution for the benefit of currentand future generations.

This records search covers only the vertebrate paleontology records of the Natural HistoryMuseum of Los Angeles County. It is not intended to be a thorough paleontological survey ofthe proposed project area covering other institutional records, a literature survey, or any potentialon-site survey.

Sincerely,

Samuel A. McLeod, Ph.D.Vertebrate Paleontology

enclosure: invoice

Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the...Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the...

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