Phase 3 of Peloponnesian Phase 3 of Peloponnesian WarWar

412BC - 404BC412BC - 404BC

Review of Phase 2Review of Phase 2

Who was the Athenian leader that became Who was the Athenian leader that became a traitor to the Athenians?a traitor to the Athenians?

Where were the Athenians hoping to Where were the Athenians hoping to capture in 412BC?capture in 412BC?

What happened to the Athenian fleet off What happened to the Athenian fleet off the coast of Sicily?the coast of Sicily?

Phase 3Phase 3During the last 8 years the Athenian Empire was During the last 8 years the Athenian Empire was crumblingcrumbling– they were losing allies they were losing allies – Their navy was basically destroyed.Their navy was basically destroyed.

The Spartans were becoming the power house The Spartans were becoming the power house in Greece once again.in Greece once again.– They rebuilt their navy with gold supplied from the They rebuilt their navy with gold supplied from the

Persians.Persians.

In 406BC the Athenians had their last victory off In 406BC the Athenians had their last victory off the Arginusae Islands, the Arginusae Islands,

Because of this the trade routes to the Black sea Because of this the trade routes to the Black sea opened up.opened up.

The Cost of VictoryThe Cost of VictoryThe battle was very costly to the navy. The battle was very costly to the navy. (Lost many ships and sailors.)(Lost many ships and sailors.)

Athenians were upset with cost and thus Athenians were upset with cost and thus executed the 6 generals who were executed the 6 generals who were involved with the battle.involved with the battle.

Sparta offered Athens an armistice. Sparta offered Athens an armistice. – An armistice is a deal to end a war. Both An armistice is a deal to end a war. Both

sides stop fighting.sides stop fighting.(Armistice Day - the anniversary of the official end (Armistice Day - the anniversary of the official end of World War I, November 11, 1918)of World War I, November 11, 1918)

Athens refused. Why?Athens refused. Why?

The Fight ContinuesThe Fight ContinuesIn 405 BC the last Athenian ships were In 405 BC the last Athenian ships were destroyed in the Battle of Aegospotami.destroyed in the Battle of Aegospotami.

The Spartans then Attacked and blocked The Spartans then Attacked and blocked off Piraeus. (What could this mean?)off Piraeus. (What could this mean?)

The Icing on the CakeThe Icing on the CakeThen in 404 BC the Spartans starved the Then in 404 BC the Spartans starved the Athenians into unconditional surrender.Athenians into unconditional surrender.

Sparta now controls Athens.Sparta now controls Athens.– What do you think this would mean for Athens?What do you think this would mean for Athens?

The Spartan allies wanted to totally destroy The Spartan allies wanted to totally destroy Athens and sell the citizens into slavery.Athens and sell the citizens into slavery.

They broke down the democracy and set up an They broke down the democracy and set up an oligarchy of 30 men who controlled everything.oligarchy of 30 men who controlled everything.

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

It became a group of 30 tyrants. This It became a group of 30 tyrants. This became a Reign of Terror. (What does it became a Reign of Terror. (What does it sound like conditions were like?)sound like conditions were like?)– There was violence, mistreatment and There was violence, mistreatment and

bloodshed toward the Athenians.bloodshed toward the Athenians.– You could not speak out against the system You could not speak out against the system

or you would be murdered (knife in the neck)or you would be murdered (knife in the neck)

The Persians, being tight with the Spartans, got The Persians, being tight with the Spartans, got the territories back that were taken by Athens.the territories back that were taken by Athens.

What about the Delian League?What about the Delian League?– All city-states were now under Spartan control.All city-states were now under Spartan control.

Athens was out of control because of the Athens was out of control because of the discontent.discontent.

The Athenian economy was completely The Athenian economy was completely destroyed.destroyed.

Greece was weak. Outsiders saw this.Greece was weak. Outsiders saw this.

After the Peloponnesian WarAfter the Peloponnesian WarGreeks in Asia Minor were now back under Greeks in Asia Minor were now back under Persian control.Persian control.There was continual fighting among the There was continual fighting among the city-states.city-states.Southern Greece was in disunity.Southern Greece was in disunity.In the north (Macedonia) Philip II was king.In the north (Macedonia) Philip II was king.– He became king in 359 BC at age 23.He became king in 359 BC at age 23.

He was an able ruler.He was an able ruler.Could control the people.Could control the people.Was a soldierWas a soldierGreat Athlete Great Athlete

Philip of MacedoniaPhilip of Macedonia

Philip had the best trained military of the time.Philip had the best trained military of the time.He took all the unruly tribes in the area and put He took all the unruly tribes in the area and put them under his control. He forced them to build them under his control. He forced them to build roads and fortresses.roads and fortresses.He promoted soldiers who performed well.He promoted soldiers who performed well.

Made it worthwhile fighting for him.Made it worthwhile fighting for him.

He knew Athens was weak, no longer a threat. He knew Athens was weak, no longer a threat. He took over the small weak city-states.He took over the small weak city-states.He kept moving south to capture everything.He kept moving south to capture everything.Athens and Thebes joined to fight Philip but he Athens and Thebes joined to fight Philip but he had no trouble defeating.had no trouble defeating.He took Attica and then moved to the He took Attica and then moved to the Peloponnesus and took it over.Peloponnesus and took it over.

Hellenic LeagueHellenic LeaguePhilip set up a congress in Corinth where Philip set up a congress in Corinth where all the city-states were represented. all the city-states were represented.

The Hellenic League was formed to The Hellenic League was formed to expand the Greek Empire under one ruler.expand the Greek Empire under one ruler.

Once again Greece was united.Once again Greece was united.

In 336 BC Philip was assassinated by one In 336 BC Philip was assassinated by one of his own men.of his own men.

His son Alexander (the Great) took over.His son Alexander (the Great) took over.