Pharmacology Review

1

DEPARTMENT OF PROFESSIONAL

DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION

ADULT PHARMACOLOGY EXAM B REVIEW STUDY GUIDE

Medication administration is a critical aspect of nursing responsibilities at the New York Hospital Queens. Therefore, every licensed nurse being considered for employment (full-time, part-time, per diem, travel, agency, and private duty) must take and pass a Pharmacology Exam. This packet contains general information about the exam plus practice calculation questions with answers.

About the Pharmacology Exam

Every newly employed nurse must successfully complete a Pharmacology Exam prior to employment. The exam consists of two sections:

Section I: Pharmacology and Abbreviations

Section II: Conversions and Calculations

A grade of 80% or higher on each section of the exam must be achieved. You will be given only ONE opportunity to take and pass the exam.

The study guide on pages 3 – 31 is provided to help you prepare for the exam. Sample conversion, calculation, and abbreviation questions are provided. The expectations for the Pharmacology section are outlined on pages 26-28. PLEASE BE PREPARED.

PHARMACOLOGY BOOKS, AND/OR THE STUDY GUIDE

MAY NOT BE USED DURING THE EXAM.

Taking the Exam

1. The Pharmacology Exam must be taken PRIOR to start date and pre employment physical.

2. You may use a calculator during the exam.

3. EMPLOYMENT IS CONTINGENT UPON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM.

4. Please call Nurse Recruitment at (718) 670-1229 to schedule an exam appointment. The exam is administered Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. in the Department of Nursing Education located at 139-09 58th Avenue, Third Floor, Flushing, Queens.

December 2009 Revised

2

DECIMAL FRACTIONS

1. A decimal fraction is equivalent to a common fraction with 10, 100, 1000 etc., in the denominator:

ExampleDecimal Fraction Common Fraction

0.5 = 5/10 0.05 = 5/100 0.005 = 5/1000

2. The number of decimal places in a decimal fraction corresponds to the number of zeros in the denominator of the equivalent common fraction.

ExampleCommon Fraction Decimal Fraction 8 10 0.8

25 100 0.25

427 1000 0.427

3. If zeros are inserted directly to the right of the decimal point in a decimal fraction, the value of the fraction is decreased; if zeros are inserted to the right of the last digit in a decimal fraction, the value of the fraction is unchanged:

Example

0.325

Decreased Unchanged 0.00325 0.32500

0.325 is equal to 0.325000.325 is not equal to 0.00325

3

MOVING THE DECIMAL POINT IN DIVISION

1. Move the decimal point in the divisor as many places to the right as is necessary to make a whole number.

Example . 0.4 ) 8 0.4 ) 8 .

0.04 ) 8 0.40 ) 8 .

0.004 ) 8 0.004 ) 8

2. Move the decimal point in the dividend as many places to the right as was moved in the divisor.

If the dividend has no decimal point as in the example below, place one after the last figure and then move it, adding as many zeros as necessary. Place the decimal point for the Quotient directly above that in the decimal:

Example

. 0.4 ) 8 0.4 ) 8.0 4 ) 80.

. 0.04 ) 8 0.40 ) 8.00 40 ) 800.

. 0.004 ) 8 0.004 ) 8.000 004 ) 8000.

3. Proceed with Division

Example

20. 20. 20. 4 ) 80 40 ) 800. 400 ) 800.

4

MOVING THE DECIMAL POINT IN MULTIPLICATION

1. Move the decimal point in the answer as many places as there are numerals to the right of the decimal point in the problem.

Example

10 1.0 0.001 10.5 10.15 0.5 0.5 5 0.005 0.005 5.0 0.50 0.005 0.0525 0.05075

1 place 2 places 3 places 4 places 5 places

CONVERTING FROM GRAMS TO MILLIGRAMS AND THE REVERSE

1. To change Grams to Milligrams (or liters to milliliters) move the decimal point 3 places to the RIGHT:

Example

0.5 gm = 500 mg0.001 gm = 1.0 mg1.0 Liter = 1000 ml

2. To change Milligrams to Grams (or milliliters to liters) move the decimal point 3 places to the LEFT:

Example

500 mg = 0.5 gm1.0 mg = 0.001 gm1000 ml = 1.0 Liter

5

CALCULATING DOSAGES

FORMULA I

STEPS:

1. Convert the dosage you desire and the dosage you have available to the same unit of measure.

2. Set-up problem as a proportion.

Example

Dosage Amount

Desired dosage (D) • • Unknown Quantity (X)Available Dosage (A) • • Quantity on Hand (1)

Desired Dosage - is the amount you wish to administer.

Available Dosage - is the amount you have on HAND.

Unknown Quantity - is the amount that contains the desired dosage and is usually theunknown (X).

Quantity on Hand - is the amount in which the available dosage is contained.

3. Solve Problem

D • • X ProportionA • • I

D X Cross MultiplicationA I

AX = DI Division

X = Answer

4. Prove Answer

Substitute answer for X and proceed as above:

D • • AnswerA • • 1

Example Dosage ordered: Tetracycline 0.5 gm po DosageAvailable: 250 mg per capsule Give capsules.

6

Step 1 Convert:0.5 gm to 500 mg

Step 2 Proportion: (D) 500 • • (X)(A) 250 • • (1)

Step 3 Solve: 500 X Cross Multiplication250 I

250 X = 500 Division

X = 2 Answer

Step 4 Prove: 500 • • 2 Proportion250 • • 1

500 2 Cross Multiplication250 1

500 = 500

FORMULA II

RATIO AND PROPORTION

A ratio is simply one number compared to another.A ratio of 1:10 is the relationship between the number 1 and 10.

A proportion consists of two ratios that are equal to each other:The ratio 5:1 is equal to the ratio 10:2.

i.e., 5:1 = 10:2

When the term of a ratio is unknown it is expressed as an X.

i.e., 5:1 = 10:X

The two known terms are placed as the first ratio on the left side of the equation.

The unknown and the third term are placed on the right side of the equation.

Known Terms Third Term Unknown Term

i.e., 5 : 1 10 X

ExampleDosage Ordered: Benadryl 0.05 gm IMDosage Available: Benadryl 25 mg per ml

7

Step 1

Convert 0.05 gm to 50 mg

Step 2

ProportionDosage Available Dosage Ordered

| | 25 mg : 1 ml = 50 mg : X

| | Quantity Available Unknown Quantity

Step 3

Solve Extremes . Means Multiply the Means

| | and the Extremes25 : 1 = 50 : X

25 X = 50 Division

X = 2 Answer

Step 4

Prove Extremes . Means Substitute Answer

| | 2 ml for X 25 : 1 = 50 : 2

50 = 50

8

COMPUTING RECONSTITUTED DOSAGES

Step 1

Reconstitute powder with sterile water. Label vial with new dosage.

Note: The reconstituted dosagenow becomes your available dosage.

Example 1

Dosage ordered: Penicillin 1,000,000 Units in 300 ml SolutionDosage available: Penicillin 5,000,000 Units per vial

After adding 2.5 ml of sterile water to the powder, each 1 ml. of solution will contain 2,000,000 Units.*

How many ml will you give?

1,000,000 (D) = X2,000,000 (A) = 1

1,000,000 X2,000,000 1

2,000,000 X = 1,000,000 X = 0.5 ml

* Available Dosage is now 2,000,000 Units per ml

Example 2

Dosage ordered: Methicillin 500 mgDosage available: Methicillin 1 gm per vial (powder)

Reconstitute powder with 1.5 ml Sterile Water*

How many ml will you give?

Step 1 Convert 1 gm to 1000 mg

Step 2 Solve 500 • • X1000 • • 1.5

1000 X = 750

X = 0.75 ml

*Available Dosage is now 1 gm in 1.5 ml Sterile Water

9

OTHER PROBLEMS

Example I

Ordered: Isuprel 0.01 mg per ml 100 ml D5W

Available: Isuprel 2 mg per ml

How many ml of Isuprel should be added to 100 mlD5W to give a concentration of 0.01 mg per ml?

Step 1:

Determine number of mg in total 100 ml of D5W.

100 ml X 0.01 1.00 mg in 100 ml D5W

Step 2:

Proceed as other dosage problems

1 mg • • X 2 mg • • 1 ml

2 X = 1

X = 0.5 ml Isuprel to be added to 100 ml D5W to give a concentration of 0.01 mg per ml

10

INSULIN

The dosage of insulin is expressed in units. Insulin is supplied in 10 ml vials with a concentration of 100 units per ml. At New York Hospital Queens, insulin is administered via a U-100 syringe. The amount of insulin ordered by a doctor is the amount to be measured into the U-100 syringe.

Example

Ordered: Regular Insulin 10 units and N.P.H. Insulin 4 units before meals every morning.

Available: Regular Insulin 100 units per ml. and N.P.H. Insulin 100 units per ml.

What is the total amount of units to be drawn up using a U-100 syringe?

* Since the amount of insulin ordered by the doctor is the same amount drawn up in the U-100

syringe: 10 Units + 4 Units = 14 Unitsanswer: 14 Units to be drawn up.

11

COMPUTING INTRAVENOUS PROBLEMS

FORMULA I

(1) Check administration set to be used:

Microdrip administers 60 drops per 1 ml.Macrodrip administers 10 drops per 1 ml.Y-Type Blood Set administers 10 drops per 1 ml.

(2) For an IV administration set that delivers 60 drops/ml (microdrip), the flow rate per hour (ml per hour) equals the drip rate per minute. There is a 1:1 ratio of the 60 minutes in an hour to the 60 drops/min. delivered by the infusion set. Therefore, calculate the drip rate per minute by calculating the flow rate per hour.

(3) Proceed using the following formula:

drops/min (X) = Solution ordered (ml)(Microdrip) Number of hours

Example

Administer 1000 ml D5W over 10 hours using a microdrip:

drops/min (X) = 1000 10

X = 100Answer: 100 drops/min

(4) To calculate the drip rate for a set that delivers 10 drops/ml (Macrodrip), calculate the flow rate per hour - which gives you the number of drops for a 60 drop/ml set, and divide that number by 6.

drops/min (X) = Solution ordered (ml) 6(Macrodrip) Number of hours

Example

Administer 1000 ml over 10 hours using a macrodrip:

drops/min (X) = 1000 6 10

X = 100 6

X = 16.6Answer: 17 drops/min

12

FORMULA II



(2) Change hours to minutes by multiplying the number of hours by 60.


Solution ordered (ml) = Number of drops to be administered per min (X)Number of hours Number of drops/ml set yields (10 or 60)(converted to minutes)

Example


1000 ml = X10 X 60 60

1000 = X 600 60

600X = 60,000

X = 100

Answer: 100 drops/min

Administer 1000 ml D5W over 10 hours using a macrodrip:

1000 ml = X 10 X 60 10

1000 = X 600 10

600X = 10,000

X = 16.6


13

FORMULA III



(2) Change hours to minutes by multiplying number of hours by 60.

(3) Proceed using ratio and proportion formula for calculating medication problems.

Number of hours : number of drops/ml. : : solution : unknown (X)(change to minutes) set yields ordered (ml) quantity

Example


(10 X 60) : 60 : : 1000 : X

600 : 60 : : 1000 : X

Multiply the Means and Extremes

600 : 60 : : 1000 : X | | Means

Extremes

600 X = 60,000

X = 100


Administer 1000 c.c. D5W over 10 hours using macrodrip:

(10 X 60) : 10 : : 1000 : X

600 : 10 : : 1000 : X

600 X = 10,000

X = 16.6


14

FORMULA IV

BLOOD ADMINISTRATION

(1) Check administration set to be used: Y-Type Blood Set administers 10 drops per ml.

(2) Change hours to minutes multiplying the number of hours by 60.


Solution ordered (ml) = Number of drops to be administered per min (X) Number of hours Number of drops/ml. set yields (10)(Converted to minutes)

Example

Administer 1 Unit of Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) totaling 312 ml to run over 4 hours.

312 ml = X 4 X 60 10

312 = X 240 10

240 X = 3120

X = 13 drops per min

Answer: 13 drops per min

Administer 1 Unit of Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) totaling 312 ml to run over 4 hours using a Y-Type Blood Administration Set that yields 10 drops/ml.

(4 X 60) : 10 : : 312 : X

240 : 10 : : 312 : X

Multiply the Means and Extremes

Means | |

240 : 10 : : 312 : X .

Extremes

240 X = 3120

X = 13 drops/min


15

CALCULATING REPLACEMENTS

Example 1 NG Replacements

Order reads: "Replace NG drainage with ½ c.c. IV solution per 1 ml NG drainage q 4 hours with D5½NS with 20 mEq Potassium Chloride/Liter."

From the hours of 10 AM to 2 PM, the NG tube drained 600 ml. You must calculate the: 1) amount of IV fluid to be replaced 2) rate at which that fluid is to infuse

**Remember the basic principle that IV fluid is infused equally over the total time allotted. As the order states that replacement is to be done every four hours, you will infuse the IV replacement fluid evenly over that four hour time span.

Step 1Determine the amount of IV fluid to be received as replacement.

Set-up your proportion: 0.5 ml IV replacement : X ml total replacement1 ml NG drainage 600 ml NG drainage

Cross multiply 0.5 ml X 600 = 1X

Solve for X 300 ml = X

Answer: Total IV replacement fluid = 300 ml

Step 2 Determine the IV rate (drops/min.) at which the replacement fluid is to be infused. You may

use any of the formulas discussed previously.

For our example we will use Formula I only.

Total IV replacement fluid = 300 ml to be infused over 4 hours.

Formula I

A. Using microdrip administration set B. Using macrodrip administration setdrops/min = solution ordered drops/min = solution ordered 6

number of hours number of hours

X = 300 X = 300 6 4 4

X = 75 X = 75 6

Answer: 75 drops/min X = 12.5


16

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Divide the following:

. 1) 2) 6

. 2) 20) 60

.3) 200) 600

.4) 5) 2

.5) 0.50) 2

. 6) 0.500) 2

.7) 0.4) 32.4

.8) 0.40) 32.4

.9) 0.400) 32.4

. 10) 0.2) 6

. 11) 0.20) 6

. 12) 0.200) 6

. 13) 0.5) 40

. 14) 0.50) 40

. 15) 0.500) 40

. 16) 8) 0.32

. 17) 0.8) 5.6

. 18) 0.004) 0.2

.19) 0.016) 0.008

. 20) 0.2) 62

. 21) 0.20) 62

. 22) 0.200) 62

. 23) 4) 32.4

. 24) 40) 32.4

. 25) 400) 32.4

. 26) 0.05) 12.25

.27) 0.006) 0.042

.28) 0.15) 7.5

Multiply the following:

29) 1.5 2

30) 0.001 2.5

31) 0.6 3

32) 0.0345 4.5

33) 0.20.5

34) 0.251.25

35) 1000 0.5

36) 0.005 0.3

17

Express the following Metric Quantities in the Metric equivalents

1. 0.7 gm mg

2. 0.05 gm mg

3. 15 mg gm

4. 100 mg gm

5. 0.016 gm mg

6. 1 mg gm

7. 0.0003 gm mg

8. 0.002 gm mg

9. 4 gm mg

10. 0.5 mg gm

11. 550 ml Liter

12. 1.6 gm mg

13. 15.2 gm mg

14. 0.018 gm mg

15. 750 ml Liter

16. 130 Liter ml

17. 0.8 mg gm

18. 25 mg gm

19. 0.15 mg gm

20. 2.25 gm mg

21. 6 mg gm

22. 30 mg gm

23. 12 mg gm

24. 0.04 gm mg

25. 4.1 Liter ml

26. 3 mg gm

27. 60 mg gm

28. 0.03 gm mg

29. 0.006 gm mg

30. 0.01 mg gm

31. 40 ml ml

32. 3 Liter cc

33. 0.32 Liter ml

34. 25 gm mg

35. 4 mg gm

36. 0.9 gm mg

37. 0.0275 gm mg

38. 1.4 gm mg

39. 0.01 gm mg

40. 1 Liter cc

18

PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

1. Ordered: Phenobarbital Elixir 60 mg poAvailable: Phenobarbital Elixir 20 mg per 5 ml

Give ml

2. Ordered: Librium 10 mgAvailable: Librium 100 mg in 2 ml

Draw up ml

3. Ordered: Sulfisoxazole 1 gm IVAvailable: Sulfisoxazole 4 gm in 10 ml

Draw up ml

4. Ordered: Atropine Sulfate 0.2 mg IVAvailable: Atropine Sulfate 0.4 mg per ml

Draw up ml

5. Ordered: Compazine syrup 10 mg poAvailable: Compazine 5 mg per ml

Give ml

6. Ordered: Penicillin 400,000 UnitsAvailable: Penicillin 200,000 Units per tablet

Give tablet(s)

7. Ordered: Penicillin 3,000,000 Units IVAvailable: Penicillin 5,000,000 Units (powder) per vial

After adding 18 ml of sterile water to the powder, each 1 ml of solution will contain 250,000 Units

Draw up ml

8. Ordered: Aminophylline 500 mg via IVAvailable: Aminophylline 250 mg per 10 ml ampule

Draw up ml.

Using ampules

19

9. Ordered: Ampicillin 0.5 gm poAvailable: Ampicillin 250 mg per capsule

Give capsules

10. Ordered: Colace syrup 100 mg poAvailable: Colace syrup 20 mg per 5 ml

Give ml

11. Ordered: Pentobarbital Sodium 25 mg IMAvailable: Pentobarbital Sodium 100 mg per 2 ml Tubex

Draw up ml.

12. Ordered: Digoxin 0.05 mgAvailable Digoxin 0.1 mg per tablet

Give tablet(s)

13. Ordered: Gentamycin (Garamycin) 60 mg per IV SolusetAvailable Gentamycin 40 mg per ml

Draw up ml

14. Ordered: Ampicillin 500 mg per IV Available: Ampicillin 1 gm per vial (powder)

After adding 3.4 ml of Sterile Water to the Powder, each 1 ml of solution will contain 250 mg.

Draw up ml

15. Ordered: Morphine 8 mg SCAvailable Morphine 10 mg in 1 ml

Draw up ml

16. Ordered: 1000 ml D5W over an 8 hour periodAvailable Microdrip (60 drops per ml)

Administer drops per min

17. Ordered: 1000 ml D5W over a 5 hour periodAvailable: Macrodrip (10 drops per ml)

Administer drops per min

20

18. Ordered: 150 ml of NS to run over 3 hoursAvailable Microdrip (60 drops per ml)

Administer drops per minute

19. Ordered: Coumadin 7.5 mg poAvailable: Coumadin 5 mg per scored tablet

Give tablet(s)

20. Ordered: 1 Unit of Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) totaling 264 ml to run over 4 hoursAvailable: Y-Type Blood Administration Set that yields 10 drops per ml


21. Ordered: IV of 1000 ml of D5W with 15 mEq of Potassium Chloride to run over 10 hoursAvailable: Macrodrip (10 drops per ml)


22. Ordered: Cimetidine Elixir 600 mg po qhsAvailable: Cimetidine Elixir 300 mg per 5 ml

Give ml

23. Ordered: Dilantin Suspension 100 mg poAvailable: Dilantin Suspension 125 mg per 5 ml

Give ml

24. Ordered: Penicillin G 2,000,000 Units IVAvailable: Penicillin G 5,000,000 Units (powder) per vial

After adding 18 ml of sterile water to the powder, each 1 ml of solutionwill contain 250,000 units.

Give ml

25. Ordered: Heparin 8,000 Units IV SolusetAvailable: a) Heparin 10,000 units in 1 ml

b) Heparin 1,000 in 1 ml

How much of each will you give?

a) Draw up ml

b) Draw up ml

21

26. Ordered: Gentamycin 60 mg IMAvailable: Gentamycin 80 mg per 2 ml vial

Draw up ml

27. Ordered: Regular Insulin 6 Units andNPH Insulin 8 Units Subcutaneous q am

Available: Regular Insulin 100 Units per ml andNPH Insulin 100 Units per ml

What is the total amount of Units to be drawn up using a U-100 syringe?

____________________________

28. Ordered: Dopamine 1.6 mg per ml in 250 ml of D5W IVAvailable: Dopamine 400 mg per 10 ml syringe

How many ml of Dopamine should be added to 250 ml of D5W to give a concentration of 1.6 mg per ml?

Draw up ml

22

PHARMACOLOGY ABBREVIATION PRACTICE EXERCISE

The Pharmacology Exam contains questions identifying commonly known abbreviations that are used when medications are ordered. The following is a list of abbreviations that can be completed as a practice exercise. These abbreviations are only examples of some of the abbreviations that may appear on the exam. It is not an exhaustive list, therefore, you will need to study all common abbreviations that may appear in a medication order.

Write the word(s) represented by the following abbreviations:

1. L

2. NKA ____________________________________________________________

3. gm ____________________________________________________________

4. KVO ____________________________________________________________

5. qh_____________________________________________________________

6. ac _____________________________________________________________

7. bid_____________________________________________________________

8. po _____________________________________________________________

9. qam____________________________________________________________

10. h ____________________________________________________________

11. q4h___________________________________________________________

12. stat___________________________________________________________

13. qhs __________________________________________________________

14. mg___________________________________________________________

15. Kg___________________________________________________________

16. NPO__________________________________________________________

17. pr____________________________________________________________

18. ml____________________________________________________________

19. SQ___________________________________________________________

20. prn___________________________________________________________

21. IM____________________________________________________________

22. q2h___________________________________________________________

23. min___________________________________________________________

23

CALCULATION AND CONVERSION STUDY GUIDE

ANSWER KEY

Practice Exercise: Page 16

1) 3

2) 3

3) 3

4) 0.4

5) 4

6) 4

7) 81

8) 81

9) 81

10) 30

11) 30

12) 30

13) 80

14) 80

15) 80

16) 0.04

17) 7

18) 50

19) 0.5

20) 310

21) 310

22) 310

23) 8.1

24) 0.81

25) 0.081

26) 245

27) 7

28) 50

29) 3.0

30) 0.0025

31) 1.8

32) 0.15525

33) 0.10

34) 0.3125

35) 500

36) 0.0015

Practice Exercises: Page 17

1) 700 mg

2) 50 mg

3) 0.015 gm

4) 0.1 gm

5) 16 mg

6) 0.001 gm

7) 0.3 mg

8) 2 mg.

9) 4000 mg

10) 0.0005 gm

11) 0.55 Liters

12) 1600 mg

13) 15,200 mg

14) 18 mg

15) .75 L

16) 130,000 ml

17) 0.0008 gm

18) 0.025 gm

19) 0.00015 gm

20) 2250 mg

21) 0.006 gm

22) 0.03 gm

23) 0.012 gm

24) 40 mg

25) 4100 ml

26) 0.003 gm

27) 0.06 gm

28) 30 mg

29) 6 mg

30) 0.00001 gm

31) 40 ml

32) 3000 ml

33) 320 ml

34) 25,000 mg

35) 0.004 gm

36) 900 mg

37) 27.5 mg

38) 1400 mg

39) 10 mg

40) 1000 ml

24

CALCULATION AND CONVERSION STUDY GUIDE

ANSWER KEY

Practice Problems pp. 18-21

1) 15 ml

2) 0.2 ml

3) 2.5 ml

4) 0.5 ml

5) 2 ml

6) 2 tablets

7) 12 ml

8) 20 ml. using 2 ampules

9) 2 capsules

10) 25 ml

11) 0.5 ml

12) 0.5 tablet or ½ tablet

13) 1.5 ml

14) 2.0 ml

15) 0.8 ml

16) 125 drops per min



19) 1.5 or 1½ tablets



22) 10 ml

23) 4.0 ml

24) 8.0 ml

25) a. 0.8 ml

b. 8.0 ml

26) 1.5 ml

27) 14 Units

28) 10 ml

25

PHARMACOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS EXERCISE

ANSWER KEY

1) Liter

2) No Known Allergies

3) Gram

4) Keep Vein Open

5) Every Hour

6) Before Meals

7) Two Times a Day

8) By Mouth

9) Every Morning

10) Hour

11) Every Four Hours

12) Immediately

13) Every Night

14) Milligram

15) Kilogram

16) Nothing By Mouth

17) Per Rectum

18) Milliliter

19) Subcutaneous

20) As Often as Necessary/Whenever Necessary

21) Intramuscular

22) Every Two Hours

23) Minute

26

DRUG REVIEW LIST

This list of medications represents some of the most frequently administered drugs at New York Hospital Queens and is provided as a guide to help you prepare for the pharmacology test.

Minimally, your knowledge of these drugs should include:

1. Drug category/classification2. Therapeutic actions3. Side effects/toxic effects4. Contraindications for administration5. Common nursing implications/considerations for administration

1. Antiarrhythmics

Adenosine (Adenocard) Amiodarone (Cordarone)Digoxin (Lanoxin)Lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine)Propranolol HCl (Inderal)Verapamil (Isoptin)

2. Cardioactive Glycosides

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

3. Anticoagulants

HeparinWarfarin Sodium (Coumadin)

4. Antimicrobials/Aminoglycosides

Amphotericin BAmpicillin (Omnipen)Gentamicin (Garamycin)Meropenem (Merrem)Metronidazole (Flagyl)Penicillin GVancomycin (Vancocin)

5. Analgesics

Codeine Sulfate

27

Meperidine HCL (Demerol)Morphine Sulfate

6. Analgesics

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)Aspirin

7. Antipsychotics

Haloperidol (Haldol)

8. Antidepressants

Amitriptyline HCL (Elavil)Fluoxetine HCL (Prozac)

9. Diuretics

Furosemide (Lasix)Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

10. Antihypertensives

Apresoline (Hydralazine)Metoprolol (Toprol XL)Propanolol HCL (Inderal)Ramipril (Altace)

11. Antidiabetics

InsulinMetformin (Glucophage)

12. Steroids

Dexamethasone (Decadron)Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)Prednisone (Deltasone)

13. Hormones

Levathyroxine Sodium (Synthroid)

28

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

14. Gastrointestinal Agents

Docusate Sodium (Colace)Famotidine (Pepcid)Metoclopramide HCL (Reglan)Pantoprazole (Protonix)

15. Bronchodilators

Albuterol (Proventil)Fluticasone Salmeterol (Advair)Ipratropium (Atrovent)Ipratropium & Albuterol (Duoneb)Levalbuterol (Xopenex)Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent)Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine)Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)

16. Anticonvulsants

Phenytoin Sodium (Dilantin)

17. Emergency Medications (according to Advance Cardiac Life Support Standards)

Adenosine (Adenocard)Atropine SulfateBretylium Tosylate (Bretylol)Dopamine HCL (Intropin)Epinephrine HCL (Adrenalin)Isoproterenol HCL (Isuprel)Lidocaine HCL (Xylocaine)NitroglycerinSodium BicarbonateVerapamil HCL (Isoptin)

18. Electrolyte Replacement/Vitamins

Calcium ChlorideCalcium Gluconate Magnesium SulfatePotassium (K-DUR, Potassium Chloride-IV and PO)Potassium PhosphateVitamin B12

29

DEPARTMENT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION

PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCES

Karch, A.M. (2008). Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Morris, D. G. (2005). Calculate with Confidence. St. Louis: Mosby and Company.

PDR Nurse’s Drug Handbook. (2009). Montvale, New Jersey: Thomson Reuters.

Skidmore-Roth, L. (2009). Mosby’s Nursing Drug Reference. 22nd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.

Turkoski, B.B., Lance, B.R., & Bonfiglio, M.F. (2008). 9 th ed. Drug Information Handbook for Nursing. Valley Stream, New York: Lexi-Comp.

Pharmacology Review

Documents

Transcript of Pharmacology Review