Pharmaceutics (I) Prelab III Presented by Abdurrahman Fahmy.
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Transcript of Pharmaceutics (I) Prelab III Presented by Abdurrahman Fahmy.
Pharmaceutics (I)
Prelab III
Presented byAbdurrahman Fahmy
Cough syrupRxCodeine phosphate 0.3 gCpd Tartarazine solution 1 mlBenzoic acid solution 2 mlWater 2 mlLemon syrup 20 mlSyrup to 100 mlSend 50 mlFiat: Cough SyrupSig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
Calculation:
Vehicle = 50 – (10+1+1+0.5) =37.5 ml
¾ vehicle = ¾ X 37.5 = 28.125 ml = 28 mlFactor = 50/100 = 0.5
X 0.50.15 g
1 ml1 ml10 ml50ml
0.5 mlCough SuppressantColoring agentPreservative
Solvent for drug
Vehicle Sweetening and flavoring agent
Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough
Cu
p m
easu
re
Glass-rod
0.000 g
0.15 g codeine
phosphate
1 ml water
Cu
p m
easu
re
1 ml benzoic acid solution
0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solution
Cu
p m
easu
re
10 ml lemon syrup
Cu
p m
easu
re
Adjust volume to
50 ml with syrup
Label
The Cough Syrup One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily after meals.
Fiat: Cough SyrupSig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
Aspirin solution for pediatricsCan not swallow
tabletsNeed small doses
UnstableExpires within days
(ester hydrolysis).
Aspirin
℞ Acetyl salicylic a gr.x Potassium citrate gr. xxx water a d j ℥Fiat : Mist Mitte : iij ℥Sig. : ʒi Ter in die sumenda.
Uses: analgesic, antirheumatic and antipyretic
Factor = 90 / 30 = 3
X 3
10x0.065 = 0.65 g
30x0.065 = 1.95 g
30ml
1.95 g
5.85 g
90 ml
Role of Potassium Citrate:
• Acetyl Salicylic acid is sparingly soluble in water, its solubility will increase in solutions of acetate or citrate of sodium or potassium. ( Salting In through buffer action ) • Potassium citrate is strongly ionized & citrate ions yielded combine with hydrogen ions of the acid forming citric acid
Procedure:
Add aspirin & finely powder with pestle
Add 30 ml water & triturate till saturation (5mins)
Add potassium citrate and stir with pestle until complete solution of acetyl salicylic acid (5mins)
Transfer to cup measure & adjust to final volume with water. (Hazy solution)
Label:
The Mixture
One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.
Camphor Water
℞
Camphor 0.1 gmAlcohol 1.5 mlPurified water to 100 ml
Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic & anaesthetic in eye lotion Also it is usually used as a Medicated vehicle
Caution !
N.B.
• Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very soluble in alcohol.
• The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finely-divided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.
Procedure:
Dissolve the camphor in alcohol (1.5 ml)
Water (98.5 ml)
Add alcoholic solution of camphor in small portions to water each addition followed by vigrous shaking
Label:
The Camphor Water[ E.P.]
Common System
Avoir du pois
“measure of weight*”
Pound “Ib.”
Ounce “oz.”
Grain “gr.”
1 16 70001 437.5
“commercial uses”
Gallon“gal.”
Quart “qt.”
Pint “pt.”
Fluidounce“f ” ℥
Fluidrachm“f ʒ”
Minim“m.”
1 4 8 128 1024 61440
1 2 32 256 15360
1 16 128 7680
1 8 480
1 60
Apothecaries
“Fluid measure”
“ compounding prescriptions”
Apothecaries“measure of weight.”
Pound “Ib.” Ounce “ ”℥ Drachm “ʒ” Scruple “э” Grain “gr.”
1 12 96 288 5760
1 8 24 480
1 3 60
1 20
Set of Apothecaries weight:
℥ ii ℥ i ℥ ss ʒ ii
ʒ i ʒ ss
℈ ii ℈ i
℈ ss
5 gr. 4 gr. 3 gr. 2 gr. 1 gr. 1/2 gr.
960
480
240
120
60 30 40 20
10
Simple quantity:181 cm
Compound quantity:1 m,81 cm
Before a compound quantity can be used in a calculation, it must be simplified to be expressed in terms of a single denomination.
Q. Reduce ss ℥ ʒii i to grains℈ .
℥ss = 1/2 x 480 gr. = 240 gr. ℨii = 2 x 60 gr. = 120 gr. ℈i = 1 x 20 gr. = 20 gr.
380 gr.,
Q. Change 165 grains to weighable Apothecaries unit.
ʒii, ʒss, эss, 5 gr.120
30 10 5
N.B. “The only common denomination Between both systems is the Grain , the others, even if have the same name but have quite different values.
Therefore, To convert between the 2 systems, we’ve to convert it first to the grain, & then back to the other system .
Convert ℥ ii, ʒii into avoir du pois denomination:
℥ ii = 2*480=960 gr. ʒii = 2*60=120 gr.Total= 960+120=1080gr.
1 oz.= 437.5 gr 1080/437.5= 2.4685 oz
(2*437.5 = 875)1080-875 = 205 gr.
Therefore, 2 oz.,205 gr.
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