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Ointment

-semi-solid preparation for external application to the skin and mucous membrane

-calve/unguente/unguentum/charisma

Types

Medicated

-SO, ZnO

Non-medicated/Ointment Bases

-Effect: lubricating, emollient, protective and vehicle

Characteristics

-Free from grittiness (sandy)

-Rancidity w/ time ( unpleasant smell – foul odor)

-Easily spread

Containers:

-Jars (greater surface area (increase: bacterial growth and rancidity)

-Tube (collapsible; less exposure at contact)

2 Methods of Preparing Ointment

1.  Levigation

-mortar and pestle

-mineral oil/ propylene glycol/ glycerin 

2.  Fusion

-heat

-melt w/ high melting point

-wax, spermaceti

Bases1.  Hydrocarbon/ Oleaginous Bases

-  Insoluble in H2O

-  Not washable w/ H2O

-  Anhydrous

-  Will not absorb H2O

-  Emollient. Greasy and occlusive

-  White petrolatum, white ointment, Vaseline, vegetable shortening

2.  Absorption Base

-  Insoluble in H2O 

-  Not washable w/ H2O

-  Anhydrous

-  Emollient. Greasy and occlusive

-  Hydrophilic petrolatum, lanolin, aquabase, aquaphor, polysorb

3.  Emulsion bases

a)  Water in Oil

-  Insoluble in H2O

-  Not washable w/ H2O

-  Can absorb H2O (limited)

-  Emollient. Greasy and occlusive

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-  Hydrous lanolin, cold cream, bucerin hydrocream

b) Oil in Water

-  Insoluble in H2O

-  Washable w/ H2O

-  Can absorb H2O

-  Non-greasy and non-occlusive

-  Contains H2O

-  Hydrophilic ointment, vanishing cream, dermabase veluochal

4.  Water Soluble Base

-  Soluble in H2O

-  Washable w/ H2O

-  Can absorb H2O

-  Non-greasy and non-occlusive

-  May contain H2O (limited)

-  Lipid free

-  Polyethylene glycol ointment

PROCEDURES

1.  Weigh ingredients

2.  Melt white wax and petrolatum (water bath/hot plate)

3.  Pour into the container

4.  Allow to congeal (solidity)

5.  Place glassine paper on top of ointment

White Wax: 50 g -> 0.5g

“ Petrolatum: 950 g -> 9.5 g

ZnO Ointment-  White semi-solid preparation

-  Medicated ointment

-  Dry skin, skin disorders (eczema, pruritis & psoriasis)

-  Antiseptic, protective, mild astringent

-  Unguentum ZInci Oxide / Zinc Ointment

Formula

ZnO: 200g -> 2 g

Mineral Oil: 150g -> 1.5g (1.71 ml; sp. gr. 0.8498)

White Ointment: 650g -> 6.5g

PROCEDURE

1.  Triturate the ZnO

2.  Levigate ZnO w/ mineral oil forming

3.  Add White ointment (pbyp)

4.  Place in container

SULFUR OINTMENT

-  unguentum sulfures

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-  Medicated ointment

-  Parasiticides, scabies, skin diseases

FORMULA

Ppted Sulfur: 100g -> 1g

Mineral Oil: 100g -> 1g (1.18 ml)

White Ointment: 800g -> 8g