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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
PHANTOM LOAD
MODEL PA-2505 & PA-2505K
It is essential that this instruction book be read thoroughly before putting the equipment in service
4271 Bronze Way Dallas Texas 75237-1088 USA Phone (214) 330 3201
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Revision History
Revision ECN Number Date
0 Initial Release1 28917 2-7-012 30834 1-30-08
IMPORTANT
The information and data contained within this instruction manual are the proprietary with Megger. The equipment described herein maybe protected by one or more US letters patent. Megger specifically reserves to itself all rights to such proprietary information as well as all
rights under any such patent, none of which is waved by submission of this instruction manual to anyone.
The recipient, if a Government agency acknowledges that this instruction book and the equipment described were procured with LimitedRights to technical data as described to ASPR 0-203 (b).
Copyright Megger , 2008.
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ContentsINTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS....................................................................... I
INTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS II ...............................................................IICHARTS / TABLES .................................................................................................................................. 1SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................................... 6THEORY OF OPERATION....................................................................................................................... 7INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................................... 9OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................................. 10SERVICE AND REPAIR DATA............................................................................................................. 13SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................................... 15
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CHARTS/TABLESCONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS
WITHBASIC Kh OF 6/10
Constant For Potential Coil Of:
Current CoilAmperes
120 Volts 240 Volts 480 Volts
1 0.12 0.24 0.48
1.5 0.18 0.36 0.95 0.6 1.2 2.4
12.5 1.5 3.0 6.0
15 1.8 3.6 7.250 6.0 12.0 24.0
CONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS
WITHBASIC Kh OF 1/3
Constant For Potential Coil Of:
Current Coil
Amperes
120 Volts 240 Volts 480 Volts
1 1/15 2/15 4/15
1.5 1/10 1/5 2/5
5 1/3 2/3 1-1/3
12.5 5/6 1-2/3 3-1/315 1 2 4
50 3-1/3 6-2/3 13-1/3
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Reference Standard
Reference Standard Kh = 0.6 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils
Meter Under Test Full Load (100%) Light Load (10%)
KhRated
or
TestAmps
Number
of
Stators120V 240V
Std.
current
Coil
Rev.
Mtr.
Rev.
Std.
Std.
Current
Coil
Rev.
Mtr.
Rev.
Std.
2.5 1 0.3 0.6 5.0 20 10.00 1 1 2.50
5.0 1 0.6 1.2 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.0015.0 1 1.8
3.0
3.6
6.0
12.515.0
12.5
15.0
2020
10
10
24.0020.00
20.00
16.67
1
1
1
1
15.00
25.00
30.0
(or
50)
1 ---
6.0
7.2
12.0
14.4
50.0
50.0
50.0
20
20
20
12.00
20.0024.00
5
55
1
11
6.00
10.0012.00
2.5 2 1.2 2.4 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.00
5.0 2 2.4 4.8 5.0 10 20.00 1 1 10.00
15.0 2 7.2 14.4 12.515.0
1010
24.0020.00 1 1 30.00
30.0 2 14.4 28.8 50.0 10 12.00
2.5 3 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.00
5.0 3 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 20.00 1 1 10.00
15.0 3 10.8 21.6 12.515.0
1010
24.0020.00 1 1 30.00
30.0 3 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 12.00 5 1 12.00
2.5 4 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 15.00 1 1 3.75
5.0 4 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 15.00 1 1 7.50
15.0 4 10.8 21.6 12.515.0
1010
18.0015.00 1 1 22.50
30.0 4 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 9.00 5 1 9.00
The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.
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Reference Standard Kh = 1/3 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils
Meter Under Test Full Load (100%) Light Load (10%)
KhRatedor
Test
Amps
Numberof
Stators120V 240V
Std.current
Coil
Rev.Mtr.
Rev.Std.
Std.Current
Coil
Rev.Mtr.
Rev.Std.
2.5 1 0.3 0.6 5.0 20 18.00 1 1 4.50
5.0 1 0.6 1.2 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00
15.0 1 1.8
3.0
3.6
6.0
12.515.012.5
15.0
202010
10
43.2036.0036.00
30.00
1
1
1
1
27.00
45.00
30.0
(or
50)
1 ---
6.0
7.2
12.0
14.4
50.0
50.0
50.0
20
20
20
21.60
36.00
43.20
5
5
5
1
1
1
10.80
18.00
21.60
2.5 2 1.2 2.4 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00
5.0 2 2.4 4.8 5.0 10 36.00 1 1 18.0015.0 2 7.2 14.4 12.5
15.01010
43.2036.00 1 1 54.00
30.0 2 14.4 28.8 50.0 10 21.60
2.5 3 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00
5.0 3 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 36.00 1 1 18.00
15.0 3 10.8 21.6 12.5
15.0
10
10
43.20
36.00 1 1 54.00
30.0 3 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 21.60 5 1 21.60
2.5 4 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 27.00 1 1 6.75
5.0 4 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 27.00 1 1 13.50
15.0 4 10.8 21.6 12.5
15.0
10
10
32.40
27.00 1 1 40.50
30.0 4 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 16.20 5 1 16.20
The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.
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WATTHOUR METER ACCURACY CALCULATOR
When using a rotating standard, the accuracy of the meter under test can be evaluated using the formula
100R
R1A
=
R1 = calculated number of revolutions of rotating standard for 100% accuracy
R = actual number of revolutions of rotating standard during the test
The following scales give the percent accuracy (A, lower level) for various actual number of revolutions
(R, upper scale). Calculated numbers of revolutions (R1) are listed to the left of each scale.
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THEORYOFOPERATIONDISCRIPTION OF CONTROLS
3A FUSE Provides overload and short circuit protection for the test set.
3/4A FUSE Located internally, this fuse provides additional overload and short
circuit protection to the 480 volt input circuit of the phantom load.
TEST CURRENT SWITCH Selects the desired range of full load or light load test current that
will be applied to the meter under test and to the current coils of
the reference standard. Selections are arranged so that full loadsand corresponding light load values (10% of full load) are side by
side to minimize switching.
OUTPUT ON/OFF SWITCH Allows the output current to be switched off without disturbing anysettings.
CURRENT CONTROL Adjusts the output current of the Phantom Load from Zero to the
maximum value as selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH.
BURDEN SWITCH Used to compensate for variations of load impedance in the testing
circuit. Normally used in the low position, this switch would be
changed to high whenever the desired test current could not beobtained with the CURRENT CONTROL in the full clockwise
position.
POWER FACTOR SWITCH Determines whether the full load tests current is at either unity
(1.0) or 50% (0.5) power factor.
AMMETER Measures the value of output current. Appropriate full scale range
is simultaneously selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH.
The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0'' so that
the actual measured current is equal to the reading of the meter
times the setting of the 'TEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example:
If the TEST CURRENT. SWITCH is in the 50 amp position andthe meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 30 amperes (50 X
0.6 = 30).
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CURRENT TERMINALS Five output CURRENT TERMINALS (, 50, 15, 5 and 2.5 amp)eliminate lead changing when used in conjunction with a reference
standard having multiple current coil terminals (such as the
General Electric type IB-10, Sangamo type J-44 or States typeSSS-50 solid-state standard).
POTENTIAL TERMINALS The test set can operate from any of the five rated input and the
common () POTENTIAL TERMINALS. Connect the input tothe common () terminal and the line voltage being used to the
properly rated terminal.
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INSTALLATIONINSTRUCTIONSREFERENCE STANDARD AND PHANTOM LOAD
Set a reference standard near the phantom load. Connect the current and potential leads to the referencestandard as illustrated in the CONNECTION DIAGRAMS and as outlined below:
CURRENT CIRCUIT
1. Connect the long, red, heavy lead to the terminal on the phantom load and the long, black,heavy kid to the or 0 terminal of the standard.
2. Connect the short, heavy lead from the 50 ampere terminal of the phantom load to theappropriate current coil of the reference standard.
3. Connect the short, light leads from the remaining CURRENT TERMINALS of the phantom loadto the matching current terminals of the reference standard.
POTENTIAL CIRCUIT
Connect the combination input power / potential click switch leads to the potential terminals of the
reference standard and the POTENTIAL TERMINALS located along the left edge of the phantom load.Be sure to observe polarity and to use the properly rated terminal of the phantom load for the line
voltage being utilized.
If the reference standard being used is the solid state type, connect the auxiliary power leads as shownon the connection diagram.
During testing it will be necessary to set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to theappropriate test potential being used.
LINE CIRCUIT
Connect the potential (input) leads from the phantom load to the line as illustrated on the connectiondiagram. Be certain the potential select switch of the reference standard matches the line voltage.
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OPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS1. INITIAL SETUP
CONTROL POSITION
TEST CURRENT SWITCH OFF
OUTPUT SWITCH ONCURRENT CONTROL 0 (FULL CCW)
POWER FACTOR SWITCH 1.0
BURDEN SWITCH LOW
2. Connect the meter to be tested and the reference standard as shown on the appropriateconnection diagram and as described under INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS in this manual.
Note: Be sure to use the proper primary terminal of the phantom load for the line voltage beingused.
3. Set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to the appropriate value for the testpotential being used.
FULL LOAD TEST
4. Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the appropriate range to obtain the desired full load testcurrent.Note: Always use the lowest range capable of providing the desired test current.
5. Rotate the CURRENT CONTROL clockwise until the desired test current is reached.NOTES:
a. The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0" so that the actualmeasured current is equal to the reading of the meter times the setting of theTEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example: If the TEST CURRENT SWITCH is
in the 5 ampere position and the meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 3
amperes (5 X 0.6 = 3).
b. If the desired test current is not reached at full clockwise rotation of theCURRENT CONTROL, return the CURRENT CONTROL to "0" (full
counterclockwise position), move the BURDEN SWITCH to the high position
and repeat Step 5.
6. Reset the reference standard to zero.
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7. Initiate the FULL LOAD TEST by turning the potential click switch on when the black mark onthe edge of the meter disk passes a stationary reference point. This starts the reference standard
by energizing its potential coil.
If the meter under test or the reference standard runs backwards, reverse either thepotential or current connections to the backwards unit. Note that a solid state standard
will not count if the polarity to one of its coils is reversed.
8. Count the number of disk rotations by watching the black mark pass the reference point.9. Stop the test when, the desired number of revolutions have been made by turning the potential
click switch off. This stops the reference standard by de-energizing its potential coil.
10.Using the WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS in this manual calculate % accuracy of themeter.
POWER FACTOR TEST
11.Same as steps 1 - 10, except, set the POWER FACTOR SWITCH to "0.5".
LIGHT LOAD TEST
12.Same as steps 1 - 10, except:Step 4: Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the required appropriate range to obtain
the desired light load current.
WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS
The following formula should be used to calculate the reference standard revolutions (R).
( )
( )
=
elementsmeter5
coilcurrentstd.120
coilpot.std.0.6
Khmeterunder testmeterofsRevolutionR
To find the accuracy of any meter, the following formula is used:
100
standardofsrevolutionactual
standardofsrevolutioncalculatedmetertheofaccuracy%
=
DEMAND METER TEST
When testing mechanical demand registers the following formula is used. The reference standard KW isused to compare against the register's KW in order to determine register accuracy.
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=
1000
srevolutionstandardelementsmeter5
coilcurrentstd.
120
coilpot.std.0.6TI
KW
The following formula will give the demand register's KW when counting the disk revolution of the
meter under test. This method uses the watt-hour meter revolutions to control the test duration and the
demand register KW will be as calculated,
= 1000
srevolutionmeterTIKhmeterKW
=
intervalimeregister t
minutes60)Increments(TimeTI
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Warranty
Megger warrants to the original purchaser that the product is free from defects in material andworkmanship for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment. This warranty is limited and shall not
apply to equipment which has damage, or cause of defect, due to accident, negligence, improper
operation, faulty installation by purchaser, or improper service or repair by any person, company orcorporation not authorized by the Megger.
Megger will, at its option, either repairs or replaces those parts and/or materials that it deems to bedefective. Any costs incurred by the purchaser for the repair or replacement of such parts and / or
materials shall be the sole responsibility of the original purchaser.
THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED ON THE PART OF THE MEGGER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL
MEGGER BE LIABLE FOR THE CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES DUE TO THE BREACH
THEREOF.
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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INDEX
Ammeter 7
Burden Switch ... 7, 10
CHARTS 1
Controls 7
Ammeter 7
Burden Switch .. 7
Cuurent Control .. 7
Current Terminals .. 8Fuse .. 7
ON/OFF Switch ... 7
Potential Terminals . 8
Power Factor Switch 7
Test Current Switch 7
Current Control 7, 10
Current Terminals 8, 9
DEMAND METER TEST 11
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS 7
FULL LOAD TEST .. 10
Fuse .. 7
Introduction to Testing Watt-hour Meters .. I, II
LIGHT LOAD TEST .. 11
ON/OFF Switch 7,10
Operating .. 10
Burden Switch .. 10
Current Control ... 10
ON/OFF Switch 10
Power Factor Switch . 10,11
Test Current Switch .. 10,11
Potential Terminals ... 8,9
Power Factor Switch . 7,10,11
POWER FACTOR TEST . 11Reference Standard 7,11
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 15
Service and Repair Order Instructions 13
Servicing .. 13
TABLES .. 1
Test Current Switch 7,10,11
Warranty Statement ... 14
WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS 11
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