Pg. 68. Observed the first cells; dead plant cells (cork) Coined the term “cell”
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Transcript of Pg. 68. Observed the first cells; dead plant cells (cork) Coined the term “cell”
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Pg. 68
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Observed the first cells; dead plant cells (cork)
Coined the term “cell”
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First person to observe living cells
Ground microscope lenses with precision
Called the organisms, animalcules
(We call them protists.)
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Cell-the basic unit of life
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1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
3) Cells come only from other cells.
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M. Schleiden- “All plants are composed of cells”
T. Schwann-”All animals are composed of cells.”
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Cell division
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There is a large variety of cells:
Skin cells
Nerve cell
Bacterial cell
Onion cells
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There are 1000 micrometers in one millimeter!!
WHY ???
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As a cell grows its volume
increases much faster than its surface area.
If the cell’s volume were too large, it’s surface area would not be able to meet the cell’s needs.
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How would you answer this?
As a cell becomes smaller, its surface area-to-volume ratio ___________________.
A. increases B. decreases C. stays the same D. becomes less important
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Cell Diversity“Form follows function” - the shape of a cell is often related to its
function
The long extensions of a nerve cell are specialized for sending and receiving impulses
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Cell SizeMost cells are between 10-50 micrometers The smaller the cell the more efficient it
is at moving materials across its membrane
How many cells would fit on the head of a pin that is 2mm in diameter???
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Two Basic Types of CellsProkaryotes… Eukaryotes…
…include bacteria…include plant and animal cells
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What’s the difference?PROKARYOTES1) no nucleus2) no membrane-bound
organelles3) smaller4) no mitochondria
EUKARYOTES1) have a nucleus2) membrane-bound
organelles3) larger4) have mitochondria
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Colonial OrganismsA collection of
identical cells living in a colony, NOT a multicellular organism
Volvox
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Regulates movement of substances into and out of cells; outer boundary of the cell
Composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
*All important in the functioning of the membrane
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1 ) They serve as attachment sites for molecules in the extracellular fluid
2) Transport materials across the cell membrane
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Helps cells recognize each other
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1) forms vesicles with cell membrane
2) provides a boundary between cell and surroundings
3) transports substances into and out of the cell
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S.A. = 4πr2
2µm cell = 12. 56 20 µm cell= 1256
Increased by 100 times
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-controls cell functions-houses (holds) DNA/ chromosomes
Contains: 1) Nuclear Envelope- contains pores that serve
as passageways for RNA to enter and leave
2) Nucleolus- the site where ribosomes are made