PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
Transcript of PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
1/16
PF0102Learning & Development 1Lecturer: Siti Norhedayah Abdul Latif
Presenter:
Hairul Azmi (10D0004)
Hj Roslan Ghafar (10D0005)
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
2/16
Topic:
Examine how biological theory (ArnoldGesell) and developmental task theory(Robert J. Havighurst) differ in theirperspective development of an individual.
Analyse a development task of youngAdulthood
Discuss how you as teacher would helpthem to achieve their development task.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
3/16
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
Brief Introduction to Gesell Theory
Havighurst Theory
Difference between the two Theory
Discussion onAnalyse a development task of young Adulthood
Discuss how you as teacher would help them toachieve their development task.
Conclusion & Recommendation Brief conclusion and recommendation
Questions and answer
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
4/16
Biological Theory
Introduced byArnold Gesell (1880-1961)
a psychologist, pediatrician.
A student of G. Stanley Hall ("father" ofdevelopmental psychology).
established Norms and Milestones.
Development is determined primarily bybiological forces.
formulated a theory known asMaturation.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
5/16
Developmental Tasks Theory
Introduced by Robert J. Havighurst (1948 1953).
He defined as a midway of an individual needs
and societal demand. As a mechanism for understanding the changes
that occur during the lifespan.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
6/16
Havighurst (1952) defined:
"A development task is a task which
arises at or about a certain period inthe life of the individual, successfulachievement of which leads to hishappiness and to success with later
tasks, while failure leads tounhappiness in the individual,disapproval by society, and difficultywith later tasks."
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
7/16
Biological Theory
Nature vs. Nurture
Pattern of development.
Focus of studies.
Norms and milestones.
DevelopmentalTasks Theory
Vs.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
8/16
Nature is considered to be our biologicalinheritance.
Identified the role of nature or heredity in
childrens development. Arnold Gesell wrote:
Patterns of behaviour in all species tend tofollow an orderly genetic sequence in their
emergence. This genetic sequence is itself anexpression of elaborate pattern a patternwhose basic outline is the product of evolutionand is under influence of maturational factors(Gesell,1993. p217)
Arnold Gesell (Nature)
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
9/16
This theory stated that developmentalchanges in a child's body or behavior area result of the aging process ratherthan from learning, injury, illness, orsome other life experience.
He believed that many aspects of humanbehavior such as handedness andtemperament were heritable.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
10/16
Havighurst wrote: Nature lays down wide possibilities in thedeveloping of the human body, and whichpossibilities shall be realized depends onwhat the individual learns. This is true evenof such crude biological realities as feedinghabits and sexual relations, while the more
highly social realities of language, economicbehavior, and religion are almost completelythe product of learning at the hands of
society. (1953, p. 1).
Robert J. Havighurst (Nurture)
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
11/16
Havighurst added that biology andsociety have a lot influence, butpersonal values of the people whoprepare them have as much influenceson identifying the task.
Havighurst stated that the number of
tasks in different age levels depends onthe person and the society he lives in.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
12/16
Pattern of development. Arnold Gesell:
Documented sequential developmentalmilestones for infant and early childhood
rudimentary behaviors. There is a universal sequence of infant
movement skill acquisition.
Robert J. Havighurst:
Successful development requires themastery of a series of tasks arising fromphysical maturation and culturalexpectations.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
13/16
Towards
Internal-External,
Problematic,Neurotic
Energetic&
Developing
Smooth,
Stable
Round-
Balance
Towards
Internal-Self
Broken,
Fragmented
2 Yrs
2.5Yrs
3 Yrs3.5 Yrs
4 Yrs
4.5 Yrs
6 Yrs
5 Yrs
6.5 Yrs
7 Yrs
8 Yrs
9 Yrs
Cycle Pattern
in
Development
of Behavior.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
14/16
Development Stages
Havighurst identified six major stagesin human life.
Infancy & early childhood (
Birth till 6yrs)
Middle childhood (6-12yrs)
Adolescence (13-18yrs)
Early Adulthood (19-30yrs)
Middle Age (30-60yrs)
Later maturity (60yrs and over)
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
15/16
Focus of Studies
Arnold Gesell: he focus his studied in movement abilities of child
development.
Physical development
Robert J. Havighurst: his studied focus to individual tasks
accomplishment.
-
8/8/2019 PF0102 Presentation Ver2 (2)
16/16
Development Milestones
Arnold Gesell:
Only stated until the individual reach their
adolescence (0-18 years old)
Robert J. Havighurst:
New tasks assigned in each of
developmental stages (lifetime learning)