Petroleum Engineering 406

Introduction

Introduction

• Introduction to course

• Class hours

• Grading

• Textbooks

• Schedule

• Introduction to Well Control

Introduction

• Description: (3-0). Credit 3. II– Well control; underbalanced drilling; offshore

drilling; horizontal, extended, reach, multi-lateral drilling; and fishing operations

– Prerequisite:PETE 411

• Classes: 8:00 – 8:50 a.m. MWF

• Richardson: 313

Introduction

• Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert, PE• Office: 501K Richardson• Hours: 9:00 - 11:00 a.m. TR• Phone: 979/862-1195• e-mail: schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu• Notes:

http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert

Grading

• QuizA: 20%

• Quiz B: 20%

• Final: 20%

• Hmwk: 20%

• Project: 20%

Textbooks

• Applied Drilling Engineering– Bourgoyne, Chenevert, Millheim, Young

• Well Control Manual– Schubert

• Handouts, Technical papers, etc.

Course Content

• Well Control– Kicks– Blowouts– Terminology– Basic Well Control Calculations– Causes of Kicks– Kick Detection– Shut-In Procedures

Course Content

• Well Kill Procedures

• Equivalent Mud Weights

• Casing Seat Tests

• Kick Tolerances

• Gas Kicks

• Abnormal Pressure

• Casing Seat Selection

Course Content

• Well Control Equipment

• Unusual Well Control Operations

• Shallow Gas

• Subsea Well Control

Course Content

• Underbalanced Drilling, UBD– Introduciton to UBD– UBD techniques– Benefits– Equipment– Selecting candidates– UBD engineering

Course Content

• Offshore Drilling– Platform Rigs– Jackup rigs– Floating Drilling

Course Content

• Dual Gradient Drilling– Introduction to DGD– U-tube concepts– Pressure profiles– DGD well control

Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 1

Well Control

Well Control

• Kick – “an unscheduled entry of formation fluids into

the wellbore, of sufficient Quantity to require shutting in the well.

• Blowout– Loss of control of a kick

Blowout

Blowouts

Well Control

• Blowout– Surface– Underground

• Blowouts caused by– equipment failure– human error

Well Control

• Engineers in office can aid in well control by:– Provide pressure profiles for all pending wells– Provide offset information such as logs, bit

records, mud reports, drilling records.– Provide support and assistance personnel on

location.

Well Control Terminology

• Hydrostatic pressure = .052 x MW x TVD

Hydrostatic Pressure

• Derive HSP equation

• Calculate the HSP for each of the following:– 10,000’ of 12.0 ppg mud– 12,000’ of 10.5 ppg mud– 5,000’ of 11.2 ppg mud on top of 6,000’ of 16.5

ppg mud

Hydrostatic Pressure

• Derive HSP equation– Area = A, sq.ft.

– Height = h, ft.

– Density = MW, ppg

• Weight of fluid =– A*h (ft3)*62.4 lb/ ft3

*MW/8.33

– =62.4/8.33*MW*A*h

h

A

MW

Hydrostatic Pressure

• This weight is equally distributed over an area of A sq.ft or 144*A sq. in.

• Pressure = Weight (force)/area

• = 62.4*MW*A*h

• 8.33*144*A

• P=.052*MW*h where h=TVD

Terminology

• Pressure Gradient– psi/ft = .052 x MW– ppg equivalent

• Formation Pressure– Normal pressure– Abnormal pressure– Subnormal pressure

Terminology

• Overburden pressure– function of rock and fluid above zone of

interest

• Fracture pressure

Terminology

• Pump pressure or system pressure loss

Terminology

• Slow Pump Pressure

• Taken:– every tour by each driller– pumps repaired or liners changed– mud properties change– every 500’ of hole– change in BHA– bit nozzles changed

Terminology

• Surge pressure• Swab pressure

Terminology

• Shut-in drillpipe pressure - SIDPP– FP = HSPdp + SIDPP

• Shut-in casing pressure - SICP– FP = HSPcsg mud + HSPinflux + SICP

• Bottom-hole pressure - BHP– BHP = HSP + SIP + Friction + Surge - Swab

U-Tube Concept

Basic Calculations

• Dia, in - cap, bbl/ft

dispCapacityWetdisp

IDODftwtDCdisp

ftwtDPdisp

ODIDAnnularCap

IDCapacity

pipehole

10292750

/

2600

/1029

1029

22

22

2

Basic Calculations

• Pump Output– Duplex Pump

– Triplex Pump effRDLDSLTPOduplex 222000162.0

effLDSLTPOtriplex 2000243.0

Basic Calculations

Basic Calculations

• Kill Weight Mud– KWM = SIDPP/(0.052 x TVD) + OWM– KWM = FP/(0.052 x TVD)

Weight material to add to increase density

2.25/60

)(2.25

64.17/42

)(64.17

96.15/38

)(96.15

7.14/35

)(7.14

sxGalenaPitGainKWM

OWMKWMMudVolsxGalena

esxIronOxidPitGainKWM

OWMKWMMudVolesxIronOxid

sxIlmenitePitGainKWM

OWMKWMMudVolsxIlmenite

sxBaritePitGainKWM

OWMKWMMudVolsxBarite