Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.€¦ · Electrical Power Supply from Overhead Line (LPS); and...

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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

DME PILOT PROJECT

Document ID HRA

Document Type

Security Restricted

Discipline

Document Owner

Month and Year of Issue January 08, 2015

Version 1.0

Keywords Occupational Health, Industrial Hygiene, Health hazards,

Copyright: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor

any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without

prior written consent of the owner.

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Document Authorisation

Document Owners Document Custodian

Greg Hampson UEP11H Petrizzo, Jose MCOH1

Revision History

The following is a brief summary of the four most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions

prior to these are held on file by the Document Custodian.

User Notes:

1. A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's live link. Before making reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian.

2. Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing constructive feedback.

Related Business Processes & CMF Documents

Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)

Parent Document(s)

Doc. No. Document Title

Version

No.

Month & Year Author’s Name and

Title

Scope / Remarks

1.0 08 January

2015

Jose F.Petrizzo

Ref. Ind: MCOH1

DME PILOT PROJEC Linked with SP-1231, 1230 and 1234

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Other Related CMF Document(s)

Doc. No. Document Title

SP-1194 Chemical Management

SP 1230 Medical Examination, Treatment and Facilities

SP-1231 Occupational Health

SP-1232 Public Health

SP-1234 Personal Protective Equipment

PR-1243 Medical Emergency Response

PR-1418 Reporting and investigation of HSE incidents (Incident Notification, Reporting

and Follow-up Procedure Part 1)

PR-2108 Fit testing for Respirator Users

PR-2109 Legionella Management Program

PR-2111 Manual Material Handling

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Table of Contents

0. Introduction to the HRA report _________________________________________________________ 5

1. HRA Scope _________________________________________________________________________ 5

2. HRA Team __________________________________________________________________________ 7

3. Remedial Actions ____________________________________________________________________ 8

4. Health Hazard Inventory and Detailed Risk Appraisals ____________________________________ 10

5. Generic Controls, Recovery Measures and Remedial Actions ______________________________ 24

6. Control statements for Low RAM Hazards ______________________________________________ 25

Appendix 1: Definitions ________________________________________________________________ 26

Appendix 2: Risk Assessment Matrix ____________________________________________________ 28

ABBREVIATIONS ____________________________________________________________________29

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0. Introduction to the HRA report

The Health Risk Assessment (HRA) report is used by PDO to process and store health related information. The report starts with a description of the scope of the HRA and the persons involved in sections 1 and 2. The remedial actions from the HRA are presented in report section 3, and are sorted by priority. Section 4 provides information from the detailed appraisals. The focus here is on High and Medium RAM rated risks. Section 5 provides an overview of generally applicable controls and recovery measures. Section 6 lists the status of the Low RAM rated risks that were reviewed during the HRA. The report concludes with definitions and a diagram of the RAM risk matrix in appendices 1 and 2.

1. HRA Project Scope

A novel EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) technology, DME (Di-Methyl Ether) Enhanced Waterflood (DEW) shows clear potential as tertiary recovery technique for a wide range of reservoirs, including carbonates. DEW is a new EOR technique that has never been tested in a reservoir. It relies on the liberation of extra oil in the reservoir upon contact with DME that is injected with the injection water. After injection DME is recovered from the production stream and can be reused. Desk top studies and laboratory experiments have revealed that some 10% extra oil could be produced in a large number of Northern Oman oil fields (total scope estimated at 91 mln m3). A large number of uncertainties remain in this early phase of the technology development. Therefore PDO has, in collaboration with Shell, embarked on a program to de-risk the technology by executing a Pilot phase. Hence, a Pilot scale plant to inject DME and produce fluids near to the injection well to study the effects of DME injection will be installed in Lekwair A North. The DME Pilot project includes facilities to store DME, prepare DME water solution, DME solution injection, gross hydrocarbon production facilities, including production wells, Remote Manifold Station (RMS), bulk & test separation, DME stripping from oil & water phase, flaring, produced fluids (water + oil) transport to LPS (Lekwair Production Station), and utilities. The blockflow diagram of the facility is shown in Figure. .

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For the DWE pilot 1500 m3 of DME will be transported in ISO Containers and stored at the edge of the field with Nitrogen Blanket and Active Fire Protection System. A DME unloading pump will transfer the DME to the Mixing Vessel via a Static Mixer. The solvent, (FARS De-aerated Water from LPS) will be taken from the LPS treated water line to the Static Mixer. The DME flow rate shall be controlled by the Lean DME solution (Dense Phase), which will settle at bottom in the mixing vessel, and the FARS Water Flow Control shall be based on the Lean DME Phase. The Mixing Vessel pressure shall be balanced by a nitrogen purge and excess pressure shall be directed to Flare. As the rich DME / Water solution will separate into layers, (due to low relative density). This will be recirculated to the Static mixer via a DME Phase Pump-around. The saturated DME solution, (lean DME / Water Solution) from the bottom of the Mixing Vessel will be injected into designated wells by Injection Pumps. A FARS water bypass from the Mixing Vessel bypass is provided during initial start-up injection or for process upset conditions. The Mixing Vessel pressure is regulated by Nitrogen and any excess pressure will be sent to flare. Control of the RMS will be via the LPS Control Room (CCR). Based on the concept study, a single Injection Well, four (4) Production Wells and an Observation Well for the pilot execution on Lower Shuaiba B in Lekhwair AN cluster are proposed. Each production well is tied-back to a single RMS which consists of two manifolds (Test & Production) to facilitate the testing and production of individual wells. The RMS will comprise the Production and Test Manifolds, Multiphase Flow Meter (MFM), Chemical Injection Skids, Control and Safegaurding Panel, and Fire & Gas Detection System. The produced fluids will be collected in Production Manifold and transferred to the separation facilities through filters to remove any sand / solids present. Produced fluids will be heated using a pre-heater to maintain a constant temperature and to enhance the separation of gas, oil and water. The Production Separator is a 3-Phase Separator with individual Flowmeters on Vapour, Oil and Liquid lines respectively, to monitor and quantify the production profile. Each well will be subjected to production testing by diverting fluids to Test Separator, which shall be arranged with independent flow meters, sampling points on individual separated oil and water lines with a calibration vessel to estimate the quality and quantity of the produced fluids. The separated streams from the Test Separator shall be sent to a Stripping Section by tying-in to the respective oil & water streams from the Production Separator. Separated Oil & Water streams from Production and Test Separators shall be tied and sent to the Oil Stripping Column and Water Stripping Columns respectively. In the stripping section the slip DME will be stripped via Lift Gas. The stripped streams will be combined and exported to LPS through Transfer Pumps. All the gas streams from the Separators and stripping column shall be disposed via a Flare System. The following utility systems will be provided for the facilities:

Flare System;

LP Lift Gas;

Firewater;

Nitrogen;

Instrument Air;

Closed Drains;

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Open Drains;

Chemical Injection;

Electrical Power Supply from Overhead Line (LPS); and

UPS.

2. HRA Team Responsible for HRA: Jose F. Petrizzo M. MCOH1 – Sr. Industrial Hygiene

Input Provided By: Greg Hampson, UEP11H – Senior HSE Engineer

Ruwaa Riyami, MSE43X – Technical Safety Engineer Santosh Kumar, UEP16H – HSE Engineer

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3. Remedial Actions

Priority Work Area Hazard, RAM Rating and Scenario Recommended Remedial Action / Date / Resp. 2 DME PILOT PROJECT Psychological Hazards and Stress

RAM: High

1. Written procedure/safe work practice - Confirm that PDO workers are well trained in the proper protocol for mixing (hooking up, Aligned and disconnection)\

NOTE: Identify competency requirements and training plan for operation, maintenance and commissioning and start-up operation is a requirement inside HFE screening report DATE: 2106 RESPONSIBLE: TBD

2 DME PILOT PROJECT

Legionella bacteria (waterborne)

RAM: Medium

1. Process design/equipment standards - Confirm that the design of potential water sources prevents aerosols, dead legs and stagnant water.

DATE:31/ 03/2105 RESPONSIBLE: FO Process (Project Team)

2. Perform Monitoring to determine site profile according to PDO PR-2109

DATE:31/ 12/2105 RESPONSIBLE: MCOH1

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Priority Work Area Hazard, RAM Rating and Scenario Recommended Remedial Action / Date / Resp. 2 DME PILOT PROJECT ERGONOMICS: Manual Handling - Lifting,

Lowering, carrying, pushing, pulling

Awkward Posture of the Shoulder, Neck,

Back (not associated with force)

Kneeling, Squatting, Standing on 1 leg,

Contact Stress on legs due low and high

walking displacement

RAM: Medium

1. Implement DEP standards for HFE according to HFE screening Report for DME Pilot Project

DATE: 31/03/2105 RESPONSIBLE: UEP11H

2 DME PILOT PROJECT GENERIC CONTROLS

RAM: Medium

1. Emergency / safety showers - Select safety

showers/eye wash stations that have the capability to cool water during summer period.

DATE:31/ 03/2105 RESPONSIBLE: HSE FEED Team

2. Administrative controls, such as area restrictions and limited schedules - Site verification is required to finalize the effectiveness of controls, recovery measures and final exposure ratings mentioned in this HRA.

DATE:2016 RESPONSIBLE: Project Team

3 DME PILOT PROJECT Visible light (too much; too little) -

wavelength 400 - 780 nm (non-ionizing

radiation)

RAM: Low

1. Process design/equipment standards - Confirm design in accordance with HFE DEP’s and FEED Emergency lightning guideline (GU/705).

DATE:26/ 02/2105 RESPONSIBLE: Electrical Team FEED

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4. Health Hazard Inventory and Detailed Risk Appraisals

Work Area/Job DME PILOT PROJECT

Hazard Crude oil – Sour & Sweet

RAM: Medium

Acute Potential Health Effects

Irritant to eyes, skin and respiratory tract. H2S effects: chemical asphyxiant causing respiratory paralysis, unconsciousness RAM: 4B

Chronic Potential Health Effects

IARC 1 - Human carcinogen, benzene may be present.. RAM: 4C

Scenario During operations or maintenance task Route & Form of Exposure

Inhalation, Dermal, Splash Liquid

Frequency & Duration of Exposure

Daily 30 - 60 minutes

Exposure Limit

Exposure Rating & Justification

ALARP Status Yes ALARP Justification controls in place Controls Effectiveness

Process design/equipment standards - Good engineering design practice in accordance with CP117, GU611, SP 1190 and SP 1078. Lab design completed in accordance with DEP 34 17 10 31. The design of sampling equipment and sampling points to minimize personal exposure risks.

Effective

Hazard identification by signs/warnings/labels - Equipment and lines labeled in accordance with SP 1284, SP 1166 and DEP 30 00 60 21.

Effective

Recovery Measures Effectiveness

Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan Effective

Remedial Actions Priority

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Work Area DME PILOT PROJECT

Hazard Simple Asphyxiants- Nitrogen Blanket, Inert Gases, Oxygen Depletion, and

Gas Releases

RAM: Medium


Asphyxiation, to be addressed in HEMP or Safety Case RAM: 4C


None known RAM:

Scenario Maintenance staff and Production Operators who are involved in gas tests, purging, confined spaces etc have potential exposure to Nitrogen through these sources: Nitrogen supply system for purging on plot vs. piping in vessels; Nitrogen cylinders. All workers who use the cascade breathing air system.

Route & Form of Exposure

Inhalation Gas


Variable 1 - 2 hours

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES

ALARP Justification Controls in place

Controls Effectiveness

Process design/equipment standards - Nitrogen purged through hard pipe system (near to vessel) and vented to flare (also during commissioning).

Effective

Process design/equipment standards - Fixed connection points. Effective

Process design/equipment standards - Safe guarding system for the breathing air supply system. System designed to provide safe air for breathing purposes (CSA Standard Z180 Compressed Breathing Air and Systems).

Effective




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Hazard Combustion particulates/toxic smoke (Carbon monoxide)

RAM: Medium


CO affects blood, resulting in carboxyhaemoglobinemia and cardiac disorders. Can be fatal. RAM: 4B


CO is a EU Risk Category 1 Teratogen, may cause harm to unborn child. RAM: 4B

Scenario All on-plot staffs have potential for exposure through combustion sources.


Inhalation Gas



Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES



Open space, natural ventilation Effective




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Hazard Unknown chemicals production

RAM: Medium


Various including irritation, asphyxiation, burns (if corrosive) RAM: 4B


Dependant of the chemical potential damage (systemic, carcinogen). RAM: 4B

Scenario During routine operations and in case of an emergency (fire, reactions, combustion)


Inhalation, contact Gas, Vapor, liquid


Eventually

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES



Open space, natural ventilation Effective




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Hazard Manual Handling - Lifting, Lowering, carrying, pushing, pulling

Awkward Posture of the Shoulder, Neck, Back (not associated with force)

Kneeling, Squatting, Standing on 1 leg, Contact Stress on legs due low

and high walking displacement

RAM: Medium


Acute strain or sprain to muscles and joints. Muscular fatigue or discomfort, may include numbness in the legs. Strain or sprain RAM: 3C


Chronic musculo-skeletal disorders. Lower body joint disorders RAM: 3D

Scenario Operators, Maintenance and Technicians are required to move materials, open and close valves and manually manipulate controls.




Exposure Limit


ALARP Status NO

ALARP Justification Site verification and reviews are needed


Process design/equipment standards - Design include HFE DEP 30 00 60 10. 3D model reviews carried out for outdoor installations to identify and address ergonomic issues. Access to valves and sampling points included during HFE screening (part of model review).

Effective




2. Implement DEP standards for HFE according to HFE screening Report for DME Pilot Project

2

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Hazard Food and water borne pathogens

RAM: Medium


Food poisoning; hepatitis A, amoebic dysentery, giardiasis, typhoid, cholera RAM: 3C


Carrier of disease without having symptoms RAM:

Scenario Food and/or drinking water is handled and provided to staff.


Ingestion Other


3 x Daily 2 - 4 hours

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES



Written procedure/safe work practice - A Catering Contractor will be selected based on having a food safety management system (FSMS) aligned with HACCP. The Catering contract will include requirements for Good Hygiene Practices and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, as is the practice in PDO.

Effective

Audits and Inspections - FSMS audited internally and SME's to conduct external audits. Effective

Process design/equipment standards - Dedicated food preparation and eating facilities as part of catering approval process. Food handling facilities are planned, designed and constructed meeting local and international best practices (aligned with PDO catering requirements).

Effective

Vector control measures - Effective pest control and sanitation programs. Effective

Fitness to Work - Fitness to Work protocols implemented for food handlers meeting country specific or Shell Health protocols (whichever is more stringent).

Effective


Medical Facilities in place Effective


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Hazard Infectious and venomous animal bites

RAM: Medium


Severe wounds, tetanus, rabies, poisoning, acute renal failure and anaphylactic shock only for snakes RAM: 4B


None known RAM:

Scenario During outdoor activities Route & Form of Exposure

Dermal


Eventually

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status Yes ALARP Justification No cases (prevalence) in last 5 years. Controls in place


Written procedure/safe work practice - Written site procedure discourages unauthorized night outing to minimize chance-meeting of reptiles.

Effective

Personal bite prevention - Workers are discouraged from night-time outings when reptiles are known to be more active.

Effective

Vector control measures - Periodic fumigation Effective PPE-Skin protection: gloves, clothing - Safety booth provided, which minimizes exposed body parts.

Effective




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Hazard Insect, spiders, scorpions, bees

RAM: Medium


Irritation, inflammation, poisoning, anaphylactic shock RAM: 2D


Allergic reaction, secondary infection, RAM: 3C

Scenario During outdoors activities Route & Form of Exposure

Dermal


Eventually

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status Yes ALARP Justification Controls in place Controls Effectiveness

Written procedure/safe work practice Effective Personal bite prevention Effective Vector control measures - Periodic fumigation Effective Recovery Measures Effectiveness



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Hazard Legionella bacteria (waterborne)

RAM: Medium


Pontiac fever (mildest form of infection); Legionairres' disease - pneumonia (severest form of infection - may be fatal) RAM: 4B


Effects on lung function RAM: 3B

Scenario All staff (on plot and off plot) has the potential to be exposed to the following Legionella sources: showers/ aerolised water, water from fire water systems, potable water, any scenario where ambient temperature water may become airborne and inhaled.


Inhalation Other



Exposure Limit


ALARP Status NO

ALARP Justification Design verification of controls


Written procedure/safe work practice - PDO Legionella management procedure is in place, ready for implementation. The procedure requires that water systems and equipment that are a potential source of Legionella are identified, documented, assessed and a monitoring and control program defined.

Effective


Medical Facilities in place Effective


3. Process design/equipment standards - Confirm that the design of potential water sources prevents aerosols, dead legs and stagnant water.

4. Perform Monitoring to determine site profile according to PDO PR-2109

2

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Hazard Heat Stress / Hot Temperature

RAM: Medium


Heat stroke leading to death (lesser symptoms: exhaustion, cramps, rash, fatigue) RAM: 4B


Dermatitis RAM: 2C

Scenario All staff working on process facilities and near flare has the potential risk of exposure to heat when working outdoors, typical temperature ranges being 32-40 degrees Celsius. Working with BA (breathing apparatus) and confined space entry work presents an additional risk factor due to the increased metabolic rate due to PPE load.



Daily 4-6 hours

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES

ALARP Justification controls in place


Process design/equipment standards - Design makes provision for separate resting areas with AC and fresh, cool water supply

Effective

Fitness to Work - Medical fitness to work standards has been established for users of BA sets.

Effective

Training and information on hazard - Processes and procedures in place for effective supervision.

Effective

Administrative controls, such as area restrictions and limited schedules - Provisions made for shaded areas and cool drinking water. Offices with AC are available on plot, for example the Central Control Room.

Effective




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Hazard Ultra violet light (UV) - wavelength 100 - 400 nm (non-ionizing radiation)

RAM: Medium


Skin burns, erythema (reddening of the skin) and darkening of the skin. Photokeratitis (painful condition caused by the inflammation of the cornea of the eye). Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) . Eye disorders with pain and discomfort ("flash burn", "arc eye") RAM: 2C


IARC 1 - Human carcinogen (skin cancer). Skin aging. May cause pterygium, cataracts and macular degeneration RAM: 4B

Scenario All staff (on plot and off plot) is exposed to direct sun in desert environment. In addition, welding activities adds another source of exposure for welders (for example during gas welding).



Daily 4 - 6 hours

Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES



PPE-Eye and face protection - Eye protection with UV filters issued to staff and contractors.

Effective

PPE-Skin protection: gloves, clothing - Full length coveralls, gloves and hard hats obligatory throughout work areas. PPE's issued in accordance with PDO Standard SP 1234).

Effective

Process design/equipment standards - Plant layout makes provision for sheltered areas to provide relief from sun exposures.

Effective


Medical Facilities in place, First Aid Effective


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Hazard Noise

RAM: Medium


Loud steady noise: temporary threshold shift. Impact noise: rupture of eardrum; acoustic trauma. RAM: 2C


Noise induced hearing loss (permanent threshold shift); tinnitus (ringing in ears) RAM: 2D

Scenario All staff working on process facilities has the potential for exposure to plant noise and equipment. Potential sources of noise in process facilities include noisy plant (e.g. air coolers, heaters, flare etc) and noisy equipment (e.g. chemical injection pumps, transfer pumps etc).




Exposure Limit


ALARP Status YES

ALARP Justification Site verification of controls


Process design/equipment standards - Equipment sourced for emissions lower than 85dB(A) - included in the equipment BID data sheets.

Effective

Noise silencer / Muffler / Damper - Silencers on air vents and deaerator and let down valves.

Effective

Process design/equipment standards - Noise criteria (base of flare) DEP 80.45.10.10 followed.

Effective


Event-based: IH monitoring - Noise mapping during commission - Company hearing conservation plan implemented for areas exceeding 85dB(A).

Effective


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Hazard Visible light (too much; too little) - wavelength 400 - 780 nm (non-ionizing

radiation)

RAM: Low


Eyestrain, headaches, decreased efficiency, increase in work errors. RAM: 1C


None known RAM:

Scenario All staff are potentially exposed to insufficient lighting and poor night time illumination of the plant and facilities.




Exposure Limit


ALARP Status NO



Process design/equipment standards - HFE screening completed to assess if a detailed survey was required.

Effective

Local Control - CCTV to reduce operator frequency of walkabout. Effective Recovery Measures Effectiveness

Medical Facilities in place, First Aid Effective Remedial Actions Priority

2. Process design/equipment standards - Confirm design in accordance with HFE DEP’s and FEED Emergency lightning guideline (GU/705).

3

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Hazard Psychological Hazards and Stress

RAM: High


Stress symptoms like headaches, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance, irritability, Chest pain, Difficulty breathing, Severe pain, Symptoms of shock (shallow breathing, rapid or weak pulse, nausea, shivering, pale and moist skin, mental confusion, and dilated pupils), Fatigue, Nausea/vomiting, Dizziness, Profuse sweating, Thirst, Visual difficulties, Clenching of jaw, Nonspecific aches and pains RAM: 2D


Anxiety, depression, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, heart attack RAM: 4D

Scenario All staff (on and off plot) have the potential to experience isolation from family and friends, especially those on rotational duty; working on dead-lines, pressure owning to the nature of the work environment is inherent.



Exposure Limit


ALARP Status NO



Stress - generic organisational controls - Clear organisational structure with adequate human resources.

Effective

Local Control - Good camp, welfare and sport facilities. No overcrowding in facilities or in accommodations.

Effective

Training and information on hazard - Periodic health awareness (with focus on suicide prevention) and general stress awareness provided at all work locations by PDO Occupational Health team (e.g. during HSSE meetings).


Stress - generic recovery measures - Employee assistance program (call centre during office hours).

Effective


2. Written procedure/safe work practice - Confirm that PDO workers are well trained in the proper protocol for mixing (hooking up, Aligned and disconnection)\

NOTE: Identify competency requirements and training plan for operation, maintenance and commissioning and start-up operation

2

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5. Generic Controls, Recovery Measures and Remedial Actions



EXISTING AND FUTURE DETAILED CONTROLS ARE SPECIFIED IN HAZID STUDY REPORT FOR DME PILOT PROJECT ISSUED IN AUGUST 2014

Written procedure/safe work practice - PDO standard will be followed during procurement of PPE (gloves, coveralls, face shield, goggles).

Effective

Local Control - PPE, competency and procedures. Effective

Containment / Isolation - The facility layout is designed purposefully to prevent delivery trucks from entering the facility. The chemical offloading bay is located outside of the fence.

effective




Administrative controls, such as area restrictions and limited schedules - Site verification is required to finalize the effectiveness of controls, recovery measures and final exposure ratings mentioned in this HRA.

2

Emergency / safety showers - Select safety showers/eye wash stations that have the capability to cool water during summer period.

2

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6. Control statements for Low RAM Hazards

Work Area/Job Hazard CONTROLS NEED IMPROVEMENT? MORE DETAILED ASSESSMENT?

DME PILOT PROJECT Particulates (total, not classified)

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Hydrocarbon Gas (EP), Hydrocarbons Light (<C5's)

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Hydrogen Sulphide containing streams with H2S < 1000 ppm mole (600 mg/kg) and < 100 ppm vapour space

No

DME PILOT PROJECT DME No, but Remedial Actions stated in HAZID document have to be follow

DME PILOT PROJECT Lubricating Oils, C16-C35 Hydrocarbons (includes oil mist and glycerin) and Greases (< 3%PCAH Content). Includes oil mist and glycerin

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Hydraulic and heat transfer fluids

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Water with petroleum hydrocarbons

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Fire foam and ABC powder No

DME PILOT PROJECT Histoplasma Capsulatum (contact with bird droppings)

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Visible light (too much; too little) - wavelength 400 - 780 nm (non-ionizing radiation)

Yes, see detailed appraisal

DME PILOT PROJECT Extremely Low Frequency magnetic radiation (ELF) - wavelength: > 30 km (non-ionizing radiation)

No

DME PILOT PROJECT Radiowave/Microwave radiation - wavelength 1 mm - 30 km (non-ionizing radiation)

No

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Appendix 1: Definitions Acute Health Effect Health Effect that occurs immediately or a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure, such as heat stroke, chemical burns and asphyxiation. Agent See Hazard ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practicable The point at which the cost (in time, money and effort) of further Risk reduction is grossly disproportionate to the Risk reduction achieved. Barrier A Risk Control or a Recovery Measure. Barriers provide the means of preventing an Event or Incident, or of mitigating the Consequences. A Barrier can be an item of equipment or a human intervention, and can also be a Control on an Escalation Factor. Chronic Health Effect Health Effect that occurs gradually over a long period of time (months or years), generally following repeated and prolonged exposure. In specific cases a short term exposure may result in a chronic health effect. Consequence An Effect on people, assets, the environment or reputation as a result of a Hazard being released. Control A means of preventing an Incident. Controls can be engineering, procedural or behavioural. Critical Activity An activity necessary for the development, implementation or maintenance of a Barrier established for managing Hazards with RAM red Risks. Effect The Consequence of the release of a Hazard. Escalation Factor A situation, condition or circumstance that may lead to the partial or full failure of a Barrier. Event An Incident that occurs when a Hazard is released. Exposure Limit The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse Effect. Exposure Rating The chance of over-exposure to a health hazard when compared against agreed control standards. The exposure rating is evaluated as Very Low, Low, Medium or High. Hazard An agent with the potential to cause harm to people, damage to Assets, or an Impact on the environment or reputation. Health Hazard A factor of a physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic or psychological nature with the potential to cause harm to the health of people. HRA - Health Risk Assessment

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A process of identifying, evaluating, controlling and managing Health Risks, associated with work to prevent acute and chronic health Effects. Incident An unplanned Event or chain of Events that has, or could have, resulted in injury or illness or damage to Assets, the environment or reputation. Likelihood The probability that a specified Consequence will happen. OEL – Occupational Exposure Limit The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect. RAM - Risk Assessment Matrix A tool used to assess the Consequences and Risks of Hazards to HSSE. The results are referred to as a RAM Severity rating and a RAM Risk rating. Recovery Measure A Barrier that reduces the Consequences of the release of a Hazard as a result of an Incident. Recovery Measures can be engineering, procedural or behavioural measures. Remedial Action Plan RAP - A Plan to implement corrective action items. Risk The combination of the Consequence of a specific Hazard being released and the Likelihood of it happening. Risk Assessment The process of identifying the Consequences of the Worst Case Credible Scenario arising from the release of a Hazard, and estimating the Likelihood of that scenario. Severity A level of Consequence on the RAM on a scale of 0 to 5. TBD To be determined.

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Appendix 2: Risk Assessment Matrix

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ABBREVIATIOS

AC ALARP

Air Conditioned As Low As Reasonably Practicable

AN A North CCR Central Control Room DEW DME Enhanced Waterflood DME Di-Methyl Ether DEP Design Engineering Protocols EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery ER Emergency Response ERP Emergency Response Plan FSMS Food Safety Management System FEED Front End Engineering Design HEMP Hazard Effects Management Process HAZID Hazard Identification HRA Health Risk Assessment HSE Health Safety Environment HFE Human Factors Engineering IARC International Agency for Research of Cancer LPS Lekhwair Production Station LP Low Pressure MFM Multiphase Flow Meter PDO Petroleum Development Oman PTW Permit To Work RAM Risk Assessment Matrix RMS Remote Manifold Station SME Subject Matter Expert SIMOPS Simultaneous Operations

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