Petroleum B Flashcards

pp. 195-212

Use the chart on pg. 205 to answer some of

these questions.

List 3 factors that have increased petroleum

use.

-Development of internal

combustion engine (cars)

-Increase in industrial technology

-Increase in world population

As the number of carbons increase the heat of combustion ...A) ? in kJ/g B) ? in kJ/mole

A)decreases

B)increases

Write a chemical equation for the

combustion of butane. (use the chart on pg.

205)

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 =>

8 CO2 + 10 H2O + 5178 kJ

If your vehicle gets 18 miles per gallon and

gasoline costs $1.28 a gallon, how much would you spend on gasoline in one year? Assume you drive 250 miles a week.

answer:$924.16

$1.28/1 gal x 1gal/18mil x 250 miles/1 week x 52 weeks/1 year =

If 1 gallon of gasoline will produce 132,000 kJ of

energy and the automobile is only 20%

efficient …how much energy is

wasted?

(.80)(132,000)

=105,600 kJ

Define:Oxygenated fuels

-Additives that are made of CH3OH

-Usually alcohol or MTBE that are

added to gasoline to boost octane ratings

How much thermal energy is produced by

burning 5 moles of methane?

5 moles x 890 kJ/mole

= 4450 kJ

Using the chart on page 205, which is the best fuel (in kJ/mole)?

Octane, because it releases more energy.

What is gasohol?

A blend of fuel that is 10% alcohol and 90%

gasoline.

Define:Heat of combustion

Amount of energy released when a substance burns.

Give an example of:a)Thermal energyb)Chemical energyc)Mechanical

energyd)Sound energye)Electrical energy

a)Heat from frictionb)The burning of

gasolinec)Pistons moving in a

car engined)Sound from the

horn or the enginee)Running the radio,

lights, etc.

Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g

Given the above data chart, calculate the change in

temperature of the water.

T = Tf - Ti

T = 40o - 10o

T = 30o C

What are catalysts?

Substances that speed up a reaction, but is itself unchanged and

can be reused.

Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g

Given the above data chart, calculate the mass of water used.

Mass of water =112.98 g – 14.98 g

m = 98 g H2O

List the molecules that might form when C15H32 is cracked.

C5H12 & C10H20

or

C8H18 & C7H14

or any combination that adds up to 15 C’s.

Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g

Given the above data chart, calculate the thermal energy used to heat the water.Thermal Energy = (mass H2O)(4.2)(Tf - Ti)

= (98 g) (4.2) (40 - 10)o

= 12,348 joules

What would be the percent of Iso-octane

& Heptane in a gasoline mixture with

an octane rating of 89?

89% Iso-octane &11% Heptane

List 2 ways to increase a fuels octane rating.

-oxygenate the fuels by adding methanol or

MTBE.-”isomerize” the hydrocarbon fuels by increasing the # of

side branches on the molecules.