Peter Berti

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Theme III. Nutrition and Health Peter R. Berti Eating is an agricultural act: On the Edge of Understanding Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture

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Transcript of Peter Berti

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Theme III. Nutrition and Health   

Peter R. Berti

Eating is an agricultural act:On the Edge of Understanding Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture

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Agriculture – Sensitive Nutrition

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Attig et al., 1993Kidala et al., 2000Smitasiri et al., 1999.Ahmed et al., 2000Alderman, 1987Ayalew et al. , 1999Begum,1994Brun et al. , 1989Brun et al., 1991CARE Nepal,1995.DeWalt et al., 1990English & Badcock,1998English et al., 1997Galal et al., 1987Hagenimana et al., 1999.HKI/AVRDC, 1993.Ngu et al. , 1994.Niemeijer, 1988Phillips et al.,1996Popkin et al.,1980Smitasiri et al., 1999Solon et al., 1996.Solon et a., 1979Greiner & Mitra, 1995Hoorweg et al.,  1996Marsh,1998Bouis et al., 1990.Hernandez & Hidalgo, 1974Kennedy, 1989.Kennedy & Oniang’o,  1993Kurth, 1989Morris et al., 1999Rajasekaran,  2001Sornmani et al.,1981

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Attig et al., 1993Kidala et al., 2000Smitasiri et al., 1999.Ahmed et al., 2000Alderman, 1987Ayalew et al. , 1999Begum,1994Brun et al. , 1989Brun et al., 1991CARE Nepal,1995.DeWalt et al., 1990English & Badcock,1998English et al., 1997Galal et al., 1987Hagenimana et al., 1999.HKI/AVRDC, 1993.Ngu et al. , 1994.Niemeijer, 1988Phillips et al.,1996Popkin et al.,1980Smitasiri et al., 1999Solon et al., 1996.Solon et a., 1979Greiner & Mitra, 1995Hoorweg et al.,  1996Marsh,1998Bouis et al., 1990.Hernandez & Hidalgo, 1974Kennedy, 1989.Kennedy & Oniang’o,  1993Kurth, 1989Morris et al., 1999Rajasekaran,  2001Sornmani et al.,1981De Pee et al., 1998Nielsen et al. , 2003Roos et al., 2003Blanken, 1994Bouis et al., 1998. Carrasco Sanez et al., 1998Chakravarty, 2000Habtemariam et al., 2003HKI, 2003HKI, 2004HKI, 2004HKI, 2006IFPRI, 1998. Kumar & Siandwazi, 1994Mullins et al. , 1996Mulokozi, 2000Niemeijer & Hoorweg, 1994.Parlato & Gottert, 1996Tangka et al., 1999. Thompson et al., 2000von Braun, 1988von Braun & Kennedy, 1994von Braun et al., 1991. 

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Attig et al., 1993Kidala et al., 2000Smitasiri et al., 1999.Ahmed et al., 2000Alderman, 1987Ayalew et al. , 1999Begum,1994Brun et al. , 1989Brun et al., 1991CARE Nepal,1995.DeWalt et al., 1990English & Badcock,1998English et al., 1997Galal et al., 1987Hagenimana et al., 1999.HKI/AVRDC, 1993.Ngu et al. , 1994.Niemeijer, 1988Phillips et al.,1996Popkin et al.,1980Smitasiri et al., 1999Solon et al., 1996.Solon et a., 1979Greiner & Mitra, 1995Hoorweg et al.,  1996Marsh,1998Bouis et al., 1990.Hernandez & Hidalgo, 1974Kennedy, 1989.Kennedy & Oniang’o,  1993Kurth, 1989Morris et al., 1999Rajasekaran,  2001Sornmani et al.,1981De Pee et al., 1998Nielsen et al. , 2003Roos et al., 2003Blanken, 1994Bouis et al., 1998. Carrasco Sanez et al., 1998Chakravarty, 2000Habtemariam et al., 2003HKI, 2003HKI, 2004HKI, 2004HKI, 2006IFPRI, 1998. Kumar & Siandwazi, 1994Mullins et al. , 1996Mulokozi, 2000Niemeijer & Hoorweg, 1994.Parlato & Gottert, 1996Tangka et al., 1999. Thompson et al., 2000von Braun, 1988von Braun & Kennedy, 1994von Braun et al., 1991. Aiga et al. , 2009Bushamuka et al., 2005Faber et al., 2002Gunaratna et al. 2010

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•… investing broadly in five types of capital, especially human capital, increases the prospects for nutrition improvement.

•Our analysis … was often hampered by the projects using study designs that were not suitable to assess this relationship.

•The agriculture–nutrition link must be studied in a large variety of projects and settings, in order to build a body of knowledge

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•[positive] nutrition outcomes when they involve diverse and complementary processes…

•Future programs should be carefully monitored and rigorously evaluated to ensure that performance can be continually tracked and improved.

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… we concluded that the absence of … significant impact of agricultural interventions on children’s nutritional status should not be attributed to the inefficacy of these interventions. Rather it is the lack of[statistical] power of the studies.

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Food and Nutrition Bulletin (2014) 35:126-132

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Food and Nutrition Bulletin (2013) 34:369-377

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Turner et al. Food and Nutrition Bulletin (2013) 34:369-377

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Ag production ofnutritious foods

Value chains

Ag-based development

Multisectoral AflatoxinPolicy /

methodology

Agriculture for improved nutrition: The current research landscape

Research theme

N studies

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Turner et al. Food and Nutrition Bulletin (2013) 34:369-377

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Children Women Other

Agriculture for improved nutrition: The current research landscape:

Populations of interestN studies

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What we know

What we don’t know, but need to know

What we don’t know, but it doesn’t matter

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• Home gardening with focus on vitamin A rich crops can improve vitamin A status

What we know: • For agriculture interventions to have a positive impact on

nutrition of the participating households they should invest in multiple areas of the farmers’ lives, including, but not limited to, nutrition education.

• Animal husbandry focused projects can lead to increases in ASF consumption

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What we don’t know, but need to know:

• What are the characteristics of self-replicating (or, at least, scalable) nutrition-sensitive agriculture?

• How do nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions impact women’s work loads?

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What we don’t know, but it doesn’t matter:

• What are the nutrient-specific benefits of various types of nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions?

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We have a lot to learn… how can we work together?

• Dietary diversity and ultra-processing

• The relationship between biodiversity and dietary diversity can be a mutually interesting starting point

•The key issue in nutrition: is NOT “nutrition”, but behaviour change

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•Grains, roots or tubers •Vitamin A-rich plant foods •Other fruits or vegetables •Meat, poultry, fish, seafood •Eggs •Pulses/legumes/nuts •Milk and milk products •Oils/fats

Dietary Diversity – more diverse=better

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Monteiro C (2010) The big issue is ultra-processing. [Commentary] World Nutrition:16: 237- 269

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Potato Wh grain bread Wonder bread

Milk Sw. Yogurt Cheez Whiz

Olive oil Butter Veg Lard

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Lesson 1: ‘Interdisciplinarity’ is tough

I had no idea that working across disciplines [….]was this painful, but it might be worth it

Lesson 2: Beware geeks bearing gifts. What kinds of people do you want in the room? … the ability to empathise is probably more essential than being top of the field.

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Peter R. BertiNutrition Advisor/Deputy Director

[email protected]

www.healthbridge.ca