PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE
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Transcript of PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSE
PESTICIDE APPLICATION PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSEIN THE GREENHOUSE
Punya Nachappa GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT HORT 6050
INTRODUCTION A greenhouse is a unique
environment for the development of pests.
Greenhouses are warm, humid environments,
ideally suited for pest development.
Pest population explosion due to absence of natural enemy complex.
ARTHROPOD PESTS OF GREENHOUSE
Whiteflies Aphids Fungus gnats Leaf miners Mealybugs Caterpillars Scale insects Thrips Mites Slugs and snails
PESTICIDES
Pesticides are substances that can kill, repel,or suppress the growth of living organisms.
Different types of application methods
CLASSIFICATION
I. Based on their use, relative to crop. Pre-plant: Applications before crop
planting.
Pre-emergence: Application of a pesticide where a crop is present but not emerged from soil.
Post-emergence: Application after a crop is emerged.
Seed Dressing: Coating of pesticide onto the seed.
II. Based on application method
Band sprayed: Straddling the row.
Directed: Towards target but avoiding the crop.
Spot application: To individuals, small patches or clumps of plants.
Chemigation: Injected into irrigation water.
SELECTION OF APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
Pest status
Pesticide formulations
Capacity of equipments
Operator safety features
Ease of operation, Calibration maintenance
Type and stage of crops grown
EFFECT OF APPLICATION FACTORS ONBIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
Spray distribution
Drop numbers and size
Drop velocity
Spray and concentration
AGROCHEMICAL TRADE LABELS Signal words - DANGER, WARNING,
CAUTION ,POISON Precautionary measures useful in
preventing physical harm to the individual
Instructions in case of exposure, emergency treatment
Instructions in case of fire or chemical spill
Instructions for chemical handling and storage
METHODS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION
High-Volume (HV) Spray
Most common method of pesticide application
Least expensive
Size of spray droplets : >100microns
Coverage includes outer leaves and upper surfaces
Soluble powders, WP, EC.
Eg. Gasoline motor powered pesticide sprayers
Cornell nozzles
DUST APPLICATION
Uncommon method.
Active ingredient and filler (talc,clay, diatomaceous earth).
Application by hand-cranked units to large motorized dusters.
Use respirators or gas masks while applying.
LOW-VOLUME (LV) SPRAYERS
Uniform coverage, less pesticide, reduction in time.
Smaller droplet size: <100microns.
Coverage include inner leaves.
Computer programmed.
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS
Invented by Dr. Ed Law at the University of Georgia.
Max-Charge induction electrostatic nozzle.
Electrostatic sprayers produce electrically charged spray droplets which are carried into the plant canopy in a high speed air stream.
The result is more than twice the
deposition efficiency
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS
Improved canopy penetration
Increased under-leaf coverage
Reduced spray drift
Better coverage
Fewer fill-ups
Easy calibration
Low maintenance
Dilute capability
AEROSOL APPLICATION
Insecticides in cylinders under pressure.
Propellants- isobutane, isopropane,
fluorocarbon, compressed carbon dioxide.
Droplet size: <15-20 microns.
Temperature: 70-80 F
Calm day and dry foliage.
FOG APPLICATION LV method similar to aerosol application.
Insecticide(10%) + oil based carrier.
WP and EC.
Droplet size: 10-60microns.
PPE
SMOKE APPLICATION Another form of LV method.
Simplest form of application.
No specialized equipments.
Dosage rate is important.
Environmental considerations.
VOLATILIZATION
Gaining acceptance.
Frying pans above plant height.
Labor simplicity.
Low residues.
ROOT SUBSTARTE APPLICATION
Soil-borne insects.
Granular formulations.
Small spoons to Feeder measure meter.
Plants should be dry while application, then water.
CALIBRATION
Is the process of measuring and adjusting the amount of pesticide your equipment applies to the target area.
Three factors Correct pump operating pressure
Type of diluent or carrier
Spray volume required
PESTICIDE SAFETY
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Equipment safety
Storage area
Disposal of pesticide containers
Spill cleanup and reporting
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