Pest and Diseases of Jathropha in Lampung and West Java
Transcript of Pest and Diseases of Jathropha in Lampung and West Java
Pests and Diseases of Jatropha
in Lampung and West Java
Kikin H. Mutaqin
David Chandra
Gede Suastika
Dadang
Department of Plant Protection
Faculty of Agriculture – Bogor Agricultural University
Introduction
• Jatropha is a potential plant source for
development of biofuel
• Adequate raw material for biofuel
processing would be provided by
planting jatropha widely and often
monoculturally.
• Monoculture planting has many
consequences, such as triggering the
occurrence of plant pest and disease
problem.
• The control program requires the
knowledge about pest and disease
Objective
• To survey pests and diseases of Jatropha curcas
plantation located in West Java and Lampung
• To measure the intensity, incidence and severity of
the pests and diseases found
• Survey was conducted in Lampung (locations: South
Lampung and Bandar Lampung) and West Java
(Locations: Cigawir, Ciawi, Citerureup 1 and
Citerureup 2) during October 2007 – February 2008
• At each location, observation was done in 5
replications
• Observation: population intensity (number of
pests/leaf or plant; pest or disease incidence; disease
severity
• Samples of Pests and diseased plants were identified
at Department of Plant Protection Bogor Agricultural
university
Metodology
Pest or disease incidence (I):
Number of plants affected (n)I = ------------------------------------------------ X 100%
Number of plants observed (N)
Disease severity (S):
∑(ni.vi)S = --------------- X 100%
N x V
Ni = Number of plants affected at
category level i
Vi = Damage category level i
N = Number of plants observed
V = Highest damage category value
Damage category value:
0 = No symptom
1 = 0 < x ≤ 25 %
2 = 25 < x ≤ 50 %
3 = 50 < x ≤ 75 %
4 = x > 75 %
Plantation Characteristics
LocationAltitude
(m ASL)
Width
(ha)Spacing Phase of plant Maintenance
Lampung
Selatan50 m dpl 2,5 ha 2m x 2m Generative No
Bandar
Lampung70 m dpl 0,3 ha 0,5m x 0,5m Generative No
Sukabumi 600 m dpl 30 ha 2m x 2m Vegetative Yes
Ciawi 400 m dpl 2,5 ha 2m x 2m Generative Yes
Citeureup 1 200 m dpl 30 ha 2m x 2m Generative Yes
Citeureup 2 200 m dpl 0,5 ha 2m x 2m Vegetative Yes
Pests of Jatropha
Found in Lampung and West Java
Mealybug - Ferrisia virgata
(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
• Indonesian name: kutu putih, kutu
dompolan
• Has wide host range
• Becomes an important pest of jatropha
• Pierce-sucking insect on leaf, young
stem, shoot and petiole
• Affected organs become yellow, dried
and fall - plant becomes partially wilt
• The insect secretes honey dew;
associated with fungus
• Known as vectors of several viruses
F. virgata Intensity
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
Inte
nsity (
insect/
leaf)
Pentatomid bug - Chrysocoris javanus
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
- Commonly found on castor
(Ricinus communis) and
jatropha
- Important pest on jatropha
- Pierce-sucking insect on fruit
- Affected fruit becomes dried
C. javanus Intensity
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
Inte
nsity (
inse
ct/
pla
nt)
Redbanded Thrips - Selenothrips rubrocinctus
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
• Rasping-sucking insect -
puncture the plant cells and
withdraw cell sap
• Commonly found in buds,
flowers, or on the underside of
leaves; plant becomes
distorted
• Incites characteristic symptom:
silverleaf due to their feed
activity
S. rubrocinctus Intensity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
Inte
nsity (
insect/
leaf)
S. rubrocinctus Silverleaf Symptom Intensity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup 1 Citeureup 2
Location
Silv
erl
ea
f sym
pto
m (
%)
Shorthorned grasshopper - Walanga nigricornis
(Orthoptera: Acrididae)
• Large size grasshopper
• Polyphagous insect - many crops
• Leaf feeder – causing severe damage
on plants– sporadic attack on
plantation
V. nigricornis Intensity
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
Inte
nsity (
insect/
pla
nt)
Red spider mite - Tetranychus sp.
(Acarina: Tetranychidae)
• Non insect pests (acarina)
– pierce sucking pest
• Polypagous pest
• Withdraws plant sap, the
mesophyll tissue
collapses, causing mall
chlorotic spot forms at
each feeding.
• Distorted leaves;
complete defoliation if the
mites are not controlled
Tetranychus sp. Intensity
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
Inte
nsity (
mites/leaf)
Tetranychus symptom incidence
0
5
10
15
20
25
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
stu
nte
d leaf
(%)
Other pestsPierce sucker:
• Green stink bug - Nezara viridula (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)
• Rice bug - Leptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
• True Bug (Coreidae: Hemiptera)
• Pyrrhocoreid (Pyrrhocoridae - Coleoptera)
• Leafhopper - Empoasca sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Leaf feeder:
• Geometrid looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
• Limacodid caterpillar - Parasa lepida (Lepidoptera :
Limacodidae)
• Bag moth (Lepidoptera:Psychidae)
• Leafminer - Liriomyza sp. (Diptera)
• Long snout weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Nezara viridula
Parasa lepida
Empoasca sp.
CurculionidLiriomyza sp.
Bag moth
Diseases of Jatropha
Found in Lampung and West Java
Bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas ricinicola)
• The bacteria infect plant
primarily in vascular system:
cortex, phloem or xylem
• Affected leaf shows brown or
yellowish spot – developed
into larger deep brown spot
• Severe infection cause leaf
yellowing and early fall of the
leaves
• Can also infect fruit
Bacterial leaf spot disease intensity
0
20
40
60
80
100
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
pe
rce
nta
ge
Disease incidence
Disease severity
Leaf blight
(Helminthosporium sp.)
• The fungi infect leaves;
cause small spots at
beginning; developed into
larger brown spot – irregular
shape (blight)
• Severe infection cause leaf
yellowing
Brown spot disease intensity
0
20
40
60
80
100
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
pe
rce
nta
ge
Disease incidence
Disease severity
Fruit Rot (Botrytis ricini)
• The fungi causes diseases
in many crops
• Infect young flower and
fruit – flower and fruit
• Decreases fruit yield
significantly
• Can also infect stem,
causing damping off, and
die-back
Fruit rot disease intensity
0
20
40
60
80
100
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
pe
rce
nta
ge
Disease incidence
Disease severity
Stem and root rot (Fusarium sp.)
• The fungi infects many crops
• Jatropha: Infect stem – dry rot
along the stem
• Stem tissues become red then
turn to black (tissues undergo
necrosis)
• Can also infect root
• Plant died due to stem and
root damage
Stem rot disease intensity
0
20
40
60
80
100
South
Lampung
Bandar
Lampung
Cigawir Ciawi Citeureup
1
Citeureup
2
Location
pe
rce
nta
ge
Disease incidence
Disease severity
Other diseases
• Powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) : foliar disease
• Grey spot (Pestalotia sp.) : foliar disease
• Mosaic (virus) : systemic disease
THANK YOU
Should there be any question, kindly
address to:
Dr. Dadang
Email: [email protected]
Mobile phone: +62 817 724 251