Pervasive Communications - Marconi Wireless · 2019-06-30 · ©2007 DEI–Politecnico di Milano -...

DDipartimentoipartimentoEElettronica lettronica

IInformazionenformazione



Pervasive CommunicationsPervasive Communications

Maurizio DMaurizio Dèècinacina

Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano

Quadrato della RadioQuadrato della RadioVilla Griffone, Pontecchio Marconi Villa Griffone, Pontecchio Marconi

Bologna, 13 Ottobre 2007Bologna, 13 Ottobre 2007

©©2007 DEI2007 DEI––Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano Pontecchio Marconi, Bologna, 13 ottobre 2007Pontecchio Marconi, Bologna, 13 ottobre 2007-- 22 --


IInformazionenformazioneMooreMoore’’s Laws Law



IInformazionenformazioneInternet Domain Survey Host CountInternet Domain Survey Host Count

July 2007, ISCJuly 2007, ISC

Over 1.5 billion people online by July 2007Over 1.5 billion people online by July 2007

July 2007 July 2007 –– Number of Hosts advertised in the DNS: 489,774,269 Number of Hosts advertised in the DNS: 489,774,269



IInformazionenformazioneAutonomous Systems Internet GraphAutonomous Systems Internet Graph

Copyright by US Regents, 2005Copyright by US Regents, 2005



IInformazionenformazioneComplex NetworksComplex Networks

Internet Graph

Contagion Graph

Biological Graph



IInformazionenformazioneWeb 2.0 & Social NetworksWeb 2.0 & Social Networks

Web and Blog CommunitiesWeb-based Social Networking Services (e.g., LinkedIn, Circe of Friends, MySpace, Friendster)Web Search

Hubs and Authoritiesthe PageRank

Algorithm (Google)

Cognitive Knowledge NetworksCognitive Knowledge Networks



IInformazionenformazioneMultilayer NetworksMultilayer Networks

Grid Networks , Content Delivery NetworksPeer-to-Peer Networks

Active Networks: XML Routing

IP Networks MPLS, Wireless Mobility

Copper, Radio, Fibre, SDH & WDMMedia Interconnections

TDM+

NetworksISDN, ATM, GSM, UMTS, HSDPA

WirelessAd Hoc

Networks

WirelessSensors

Networks

EthernetNetworksRPR, MPLS, WiFi, WiMAX

5

4

3

2

1

Content-BasedRouting

IP Routing

Application AgentsMiddleware & Applications: SOA & SWS

Radio, Optics,MEMS,Sensors

Power

Radio, Optics,Vehicular &

Personal

e2e-QoS: Performance, Reliability, Availability, Privacy, Security, Maintainability, ...



IInformazionenformazioneMultilayer Discovery and Routing ProtocolsMultilayer Discovery and Routing Protocols

Peer-to-Peer Networks (DHT, Chord, CAN, Pastry, ..)

Wireless AD-Hoc Networks (AODV, DSR, TORA,..)Wireless Sensor Networks (GPSR, Geometric Routing, LEAC,..)

Wireless IP Networks (Mobile IP, Radius/Diameter, ..)IP Networks (RIP, OSPF, BGP,…DVMRP, MOSPF,..MPLS, )Ethernet Networks (RPR, MPLS,..)

Cellular Mobile Radio Networks (HLR, VLR, BSC ) TDM telephony Networks (HDR, NHDR)

e2e-QoS: Performance, Reliability, Availability, Privacy, Security, Maintainability, ...



IInformazionenformazioneService Oriented ArchitectureService Oriented Architecture

Automating Electronic BusinessAutomating Electronic Business

UDDI ebXML

Registries

ebXML

CPA

BPML

BTP

ebXML

BPSS

ebXML

CPP

ebXML

Messaging

XML, DTD and XML Schema

HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SIP, etc.

OWL-S Service

Model BPEL4WS

OWL-S Service

Grounding

WS-AtomicTransaction

and WS-

BusinessActivity

SOAPRDF

OWL

OWL-S Service

Profile

WS-Reliable

Messaging WS-Coordination

WS-Security

WS-Policy

WSCI

WSCL

WSDLPSL

Discovery

Contracts

and agreementsProcess

and workflow orchestrations

QoS: Transactions

QoS: Choreography

QoS: Conversations

QoS: Service

descriptions and bindings

Messaging

Encoding

Transport



IInformazionenformazioneWireless CommunicationsWireless Communications

UMTSUMTS

10 kbit/s10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s100 Mbit/s

UltraWideBandUltraWideBand802.15.3802.15.3BluetoothBluetooth

802.15.1802.15.1

1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s

ZigBeeZigBee802.15.4802.15.4

EDGEEDGEGPRSGPRSGSMGSM

1 kbit/s1 kbit/s

CABLECABLEREPLACEMENTREPLACEMENT

HOME, OFFICEHOME, OFFICEPUBLIC ACCESSPUBLIC ACCESS

CITY,CITY,SUBURBSSUBURBS

COUNTRY,COUNTRY,REGIONREGION

WIDEWIDE

Rang

eRa

nge

Bit RateBit Rate

EDEDED

WPANWPAN

WLANWLAN

WMANWMAN

WANWAN

WiWi--FiFi802.11b802.11b

WiWi--FiFi802.11a/g/n802.11a/g/n

WiMAXWiMAX802.16d/e802.16d/e

LIMITED

LIMITED

FULL

FULL

Mobility

Mobility

LTELTEHSPAHSPA



IInformazionenformazioneWireless AdWireless Ad--Hoc Networks ArchitecturesHoc Networks Architectures

Gateway node

“Flat”

mesh networkwith ad-hoc routing

End-user radios(with routing capability)

Wired Internet Infrastructure

BTS

BTS

AP

Forwarding node

End-user radios(no routing capability)

Multi-tiered Interfacesto wired network

Wide AreaCell

3G cell

Hierarchical architecturewith radio forwarding nodes and AP’s/BS’s

Ad-hoc associations

Ad-hoc associations

Microcell

Forwarding NodeExtended Coverage

Wired Internet Infrastructure



IInformazionenformazioneWireless Sensor Network ArchitectureWireless Sensor Network Architecture

Internet (IP Routing)Servers

User interfaces forinformation & control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B

Sensor net/IP GW GW

AP/BTS

PervasiveApplication

Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event

Sensor/Actuator

Overlay Pervasive Network Services



IInformazionenformazioneZigBeeZigBee

Ad Hoc Ad Hoc NetworkingNetworking

•Tousands of nodes•2-year life battery•1-2 US $ target price



IInformazionenformazioneBody implanted RFIDBody implanted RFID

Source: IEEE Spectrum, 2007



IInformazionenformazioneThree Three FacesFaces

ofof

ConvergenceConvergence

ConvergenceConvergence

CommunicationsConvergenceVoIP, IPTV, IT Applications

Broadcast to

UnicastConvergenceInternet Television = Personal Advertising

Fixed

to

MobileConvergencePersonal Communications



IInformazionenformazioneFiberFiber

ToTo

The The ‘‘XX’’

Splitter

Splitter

OLTSplitter

Central office with

link

to

the backbone

Customer premises

FTTCab

FTTEx

ONU

Backbone

ONU

FTTCurb/B

FTTH

ONU

ADSL

VDSL

VDSL



IInformazionenformazioneIl ruolo delle coppie in rameIl ruolo delle coppie in rame

La scelta della tecnologia determina la banda disponibile, condizionata dalla lunghezza del

mezzo, e gli investimenti

La lunghezza dei portanti in rame della rete di distribuzione

primaria e secondaria determina scelte architetturali

differenti nei diversi Paesi

100

80

60

40

20

00 2 4 86 10 12 14

Length (km)

% lines

ItalyUKJapan

FranceGermanyUSA

1 km 2 km 3 km




VDSL2

Exchange Cabinet Curb Premises

Cu

rren

t te

lco

bro

ad

ban

dFTTC

ab

FTTC

urb

FTTH ONT + set-top

+ home GW

DSLAM / ATM aggregation

Aggregation

Aggregation

OLT

DSLAM

ONU

DSL modem

DSL modem + set-top + home GW

DSL modem + set-top + home GW

ONT + set-top + home GW

VSDL/VDSL2

ADSL/ADSL2+

GE/EPON/GPON

Fibra Rame

E.g

. Tel

ecom

It

alia

acce

ss n

etw

ork

(~10K) (~150K) (~3M?) (~25M)

GE/EPON/GPON

1-1,2 km 200-300 m 50-70 m

1,2-1,5 km

Wireline AccessWireline Access



IInformazionenformazioneNext Generation Network, NGN, by TINext Generation Network, NGN, by TI

Fonte: Telecom Italia, aprile 2007



IInformazionenformazioneFTTx: FTTx: Towards 10 Towards 10 Gbit/sGbit/s

Source: IEEE, 2007




700 incroci300 scuole e università140 Centri sportivi30 Biblioteche80 Centri per anziani100 siti di interesse turistico50 giardini pubblici e parchiFermate ATM e MM

Access point = 4.000

Investimento tot. approx

= Circa 15-17 milioni €

E’

prevista la copertura delle stazioni ferroviarie, a valle di accordi con FS e FNM

Utilizzo di 4.000 punti di accesso nei principali luoghi di transito, aggregazione e stazionamento

Milano Wireless: Copertura entro il 2009Milano Wireless: Copertura entro il 2009



IInformazionenformazioneQuality of Service & Network NeutralityQuality of Service & Network Neutrality

Multiple Carrier ScenarioMultiple Carrier Scenario

WWWMerchant

Client

IP PeeringA

AccessB

Access

e2e-QoS: end-to-end Quality of Service

ISP/NGN 1 ISP/NGN 2

Router

Caching

Blade

Router

Caching

Blade



IInformazionenformazioneOverlay NetworksOverlay NetworksGrid Networks

Content Delivery NetworksPeer-to-Peer Networks

Active Networks: XML Routing

Underlay Nets>75% of

Internet Traffic

is

Overlay!



IInformazionenformazioneSkypeSkype

NetworkingNetworking

ArchitectureArchitecture

Super Nodes- They are established after acceptance test by Skype-They have public IP address-They offer storage, processing& bandwidth

-Each Serves 100s Peer Nodes-They route encrypted calls-They execute “NAT” of private IP addresses-They exploit p2p protocol

Peer

Peer Peer Peer

Peer

Peer

Peer

Peer PeerPeer

Peer

SuperNode

SuperNode

SuperNode

SuperNode

LoginServer

PSTNGW

PSTN/PLMN

Natted peers

Non-nattedpeers



IInformazionenformazioneDigitalDigital

TV TV SignalSignal

TransmissionTransmission

broadcast multicast

unicast p2p unicast

server

multiplepeersources

server

server

clients

clients

clients

peerclient

Peers offer free upload bandwidth to peersServers require much less upload bandwidth



IInformazionenformazioneSecurity, Privacy & Security, Privacy & AccountabilityAccountability

AttributesAttributi

PrivacyPrivatezza

AccountabilityResponsabilità

SecuritySicurezza

IntegrityIntegrità

ConfidentialityConfidenzialitàAuthenticationAutenticazione

AnonymityAnonimità

PseudonymityPseudo-anonimità

UnlinkabilityIntracciabilitàUnobservabilityInosservabilità

Non-

repudiationNon ripudio

Si accede ad un servizio o dato senza svelare l’identità

ma garantendo accountability

AvailabilityDisponibilità

Si parla di verifica dell’identita’

(1:1) e di identificazione nell’ambito di un gruppo (1:N)

Si parla di autenticazione dei messaggi nei riguardi della loro conformita’

all’originale



IInformazionenformazioneA Taxonomy of Security SolutionsA Taxonomy of Security Solutions

Security Management

Access Security

Content

Security

•Intelligence & Incident

Response•Intrusion

Detection and Prevention, Monitoring•Risk

Assessment, Auditing•Vulnerability

Assessment, Penetration

Testing

•Biometrics•Authentication/Authorization/Accounting•Certification

Authority/Public Key Infrastructure•Managed

Firewall

•Copy Rights

Management•Content

Filtering•Managed

AntivirusCommunication

Security•Managed

Virtual

Private Network•Encryption

Connectivity

ApplicationSecurity

•Secure

Electronic Transaction•Secure

WEB Server, SSL, Secure

HTTP•Secure

Mail, Secure

MIME

System Security •Disaster

Recovery, Business Continuity•BackUp

and Remote BackUp



IInformazionenformazioneSoft Biometrics = Soft Biometrics = AnonymousAnonymous

IDID

Anonymous

Client ProfilingAge, Age

SlotSex Gender

EthnicitySkin

ColorHair

ColorEye

Color Humor

(happy, surprised, angry, ...)HeightWeightHair

LenghtBeardGlasses...

Source: Jain, Source: Jain, NandakumarNandakumar, Lu, & Park, Michigan State University, 2004, Lu, & Park, Michigan State University, 2004



IInformazionenformazioneDigitalDigital

RightsRights

Management ScenarioManagement Scenario

ContentContent

Package ProviderPackage Provider

LicenseLicense

ServerServer

Identities

Rights

&Policies

EncryptionKeys

Content

DRMDRMPackagerPackager

DRMDRMLicenseLicenseProviderProvider

DRMDRMControllerController

Encryption

Metadata

Encryption

Rights

LicenseLicense

ContentContent

PackagePackage

Content

Keys Identity

RenderingApplication

ClientClient



IInformazionenformazioneNetworkedNetworked

ICT ICT ApplicationsApplications

ICTEnablingPlatform

ICTEnablingPlatform

SMEApplicationServices

SMEApplicationServices

VirtualPresenceVirtual

Presence

e-Governmente-GovernmentEmergency& Safety

Emergency& Safety

e-Healthe-HealthIntelligent

Transportation Systems

Intelligent Transportation

Systems

Teleworking, e-Learning,..Teleworking, e-Learning,..

Electronic Health Record, Prescribing, Screening, Decision Support,

Prevention, Enforcement, ...

Electronic Health Record, Prescribing, Screening, Decision Support,Prevention, Enforcement, ...

Shared Services, Online Government Services,..

Shared Services, Online Government Services,..

Shared Services ...Shared Services ...

Traffic Management, Fleet Management, Adaptive Traffic Control, Access Control, Parking, ...

Traffic Management, Fleet Management, Adaptive Traffic Control, Access Control, Parking, ...



IInformazionenformazioneIntelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems

Lane change assistant Rear detection

Side Crash Blind Spot

ACC LDW

Night VisionPre-Crash

REAR END

LATERAL

FORWARD

APPLICATIONS



IInformazionenformazioneNetworked ICT for e.MobilityNetworked ICT for e.Mobility

Intelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems

€ -

€ 200

€ 400

€ 600

€ 800

€ 1.000

€ 1.200

€ 1.400

€ 1.600

€ 1.800

€ 2.000

Medium High Medium High Medium High Medium High

m.Communication

m.Entertainment

EnRoute Driver & Concierge

Remote Vehicle Diagnostic & Assistance

Route Guidance

Tracking & On-Board Monitoring

Incident Management (e.Call)

Vehicle Administration

Intermodal Freight Operation

Freight Mobility & Fleet Management

Taxi Fleet Management

Advanced Public Transit System

Ride Matching for Car Sharing

Road Price Operation

Adaptive Traffic Control & Parking Management

Traffic Matrix & Stats

Traffic & Infrastructure Surveillance

ARPU MEDIO SERVIZIO

Figure medie in funzione del livello di innovazione

Area Government Area Public Transport Area Freight Mobility & Fleet Administration

Area Driver Support

€ 17

€ 216

€

1140

€ 1.940

€ 522

€ 922

€ 624

€ 890



IInformazionenformazioneee.Health.Health: innovazione tecnologica e benefici: innovazione tecnologica e benefici

118 Emergenza

Ospedale

ASL e Rete Assistenziale

Enti di controllo, finanziamento e governo

(Back Office)

Medici Medicina Generale

Cittadini

Farmacie

Strutture Assistenzial

i

Unità Diagnostiche Territoriali

Operatori Socio Assistenziali

1st Wave: Innovazione processi e strutture

2nd Wave: Innovazione Territorio

Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico, Rete Unica Sanitaria, Repository Diagnostici (PACS)

e.Learining, Decision Support & Risk Management Medico, e.Prescribing

Comunità Virtuali Malati e Programmi di Gestione Malati Cronici

Nuovi sistemi 118

Screening evoluto

TELEMEDICINA (Telesoccorso, Telediagnosi, Telecura)

TELECARE (Telemonitoraggio, Teleassistenza)

Evidence Based Decision Support, e.Prescribing Evoluto

AMBIENT CARE (Self-caring, Programmi sugli Stili di Vita)

Governo St. Centrali St. Territoriali Territorio

Investimento in innovazione: 1,2÷2% Spesa Sanitaria

(€ 1,6÷2,8 MLD al 2010)

Investimento in innovazione: 3,8÷5,1% Spesa Sanitaria

(€ 4,8÷6,1 MLD al 2010)

Risparmio a regime: 2,5÷5,5% Spesa (€ 4,5÷7 MLD al 2010)

LEVA: 350%

Risparmio a regime: 11÷17% Spesa (€ 16÷25 MLD al 2010)

LEVA: 500%

http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.francigena.vt.it/img/farmacie.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.francigena.vt.it/servizi/farmacie.asp&h=255&w=249&sz=12&hl=it&start=1&tbnid=p_1JKiEaP-DzLM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=108&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfarmacie%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.medicinapreventiva.com.ve/imagenes/MedicoT.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.medicinapreventiva.com.ve/medico_internista.htm&h=556&w=366&sz=81&hl=it&start=2&tbnid=VvOiU987ib2hJM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedico%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG



IInformazionenformazioneSETTORI GUIDA DI RICERCA & INNOVAZIONE SETTORI GUIDA DI RICERCA & INNOVAZIONE

PER LPER L’’INTERNET DEL FUTUROINTERNET DEL FUTURO

Reti wireless

terrestriSistemi via satelliteReti ottiche

Servizi multimediali interattivi InfomobilitàEmergenze e monitoraggio ambientaleSicurezza nelle reti ICTArchitetture

distribuite

per accesso

multi-utente




Reti

wireless terrestri

Sistemi

via satellite Reti

ottiche

Servizi multimediali

interattivi

XXX XXX XXX

Infomobilità(ITS)

XXX XXX

Emergenze

eMonitoraggio

ambientale

XXX XXX X

Sicurezza

dellereti

ICTXXX XXX XXX

Applicazioni

multi-

utenza

di risorse

distribuite

XX XXX XXX

Sistemi eTecnologie

Servizi e Applicazioni

X = impatto

debole

XX = impatto

medio

XXX = forte impatto

Settori di ricerca Settori di ricerca MATRICE IMPATTO MATRICE IMPATTO

TECNOLOGIE/APPLICAZIONITECNOLOGIE/APPLICAZIONI



IInformazionenformazioneAltri temi di ricercaAltri temi di ricerca

Tra i sistemi e le tecnologieLa gestione dello spettro radioIl progetto e la pianificazione delle reti e dei sistemiLe reti radio cognitive

Tra i servizi e le applicazioniServizi e applicazioni di sanità

elettronica, eHealth

Applicazioni overlay

(peer-to-peer e grid) per comunicazioni multimediali in tempo reale

Pervasive Communications - Marconi Wireless · 2019-06-30 · ©2007 DEI–Politecnico di Milano -...

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