pertemuan 3

STIEPAR YAPARI AKTRIPA BANDUNG

Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Concept

Leisure is a measure of time and is usually used to mean theTime left over after work, sleep, and personal and household chores have been completed

Recreation is normally taken to mean the variety of activities undertaken during leisure time. Basically, recreation refreshes a person’s strength and spirit and can include activities as diverse as watching television, or holidaying abroad.

Tourism is temporary movement of people to destinations outsideTheir normal place of work and residence, the activities undertakenDuring their stay in these destination and the facilities created To cater for their need (Mathieson and Wall, 1982)

LeisureThe time available to an individual when work, sleep,and other basic needs have been met

Pursuit engaged upon during leisure time

Home-based recreationReading,

gardening, watching TV,

Socialization etc

Daily LeisureVisiting theatre or restaurant,

sport (as participant or

spectator) socializing etc

Day tripVisiting

attraction, picnicking etc

TourismTemporary movement of people to destinations outsidetheir normal place of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in these destination and the facilities created to cater for their need

The recreation activity continuum

Geographical Range

Home Local Regional NationalInternati

onal

Work time

Business travel

Fig 1.1 The Classification of Tourists

CustomImigrationQuarantine

CustomImigrationQuarantine

wisman

Terminal

Transportasi

Transfer

Hotel Restoran

Hiburan

SouvenirMICE

Objek Wisata

OBJEK & DAYA TARIK WISATA

IndustriTransportasi

• Bandara• Energi

Jalan/Rell

Hasil PertanianHasil PeternakanHasil Perikanan

Hasil PertanianHasil PeternakanHasil PerikananJasa Industri

Industri Pendukung

Usaha Inti RakyatIndustri Pendukung

Wisatawan

Fig 3.1 Concept map for understanding tourist behaviour (source: Tourist Behaviour, P.Pearce, 2005 © Channel View Publishers). Reproduced with permission.

Motivasi Berwisata (Swarbrook and Horner, 2000)

Tourist

Physical- Relaxation- Sun tan- Exercise and

health- Sex

Emotional- Nostalgia- Romance- Adventure- Escapism- Fantasy- Spiritual

fullfilment

Personal- Visiting friends

and relatives- Make new

friends- Need to satisfy others

Personal Development

- increased knowledge- Learning new

skill

Cultural- sight seeing- Experience new culture

Status- Exclusivity- Fashionability- Obtaining a

good deal- Ostentatious

spending opportunities

Cohens’s classification of TouristThe organized mass tourist

Low on adventurousness he/she anxious to maintain his/her ‘environmental bubble’ on the trip. Typically purchasing a ready-made package tour off-the-shelf, he/she is guided through the destination having little contact with local culture or peopleThe individual mass touristSimilar to the above but more flexibility and scope for personal choice is built-in. However, the tour is still organized by the tourism industry and the environmental bubble shields him/her from the real experience of the destination.

The explorerThe trip is organized independently and is looking to get off the beaten track. However, comfortable accommodation and reliable transport are sought and whilst the environmental bubble as abandoned on occasion, it is there to step into things get tough

The drifterAll connections with the tourism industry are spurned and the trip attempt to get as far from home and familiarity as possible. With no fixed itinerary, the drifter lives with the local people, paying his way and immersing himself in their culture

Institutionalized TourismDealt with routinely by the tourism industry – tour operator, travel agent, hoteliers and transport operator.

Non - institutionalized TourismIndividual travel, shunning contact with the tourism industry except where absolutely necessary.

Familiarity

Novelty

Basic Tourism SystemD

eman

dS

uppl

y

Motivations

Perceptions

Expectations

Experience

Capital

Resources

Past experiences – preferences - Hearsay

Tourist Image

Physical Cultural Social Fantasy

Intermediaries

Facilities – Accessibility - Infrastructure

Tourist Product

Attraction Hospitality

Market Place

Source : Murphy

Basic Tourism System (cont’d)Market

A Consumer behavior approach to market demand emphasizing both the external and Internal influences on travel including the alternatives to travel, the market inputs of tourism suppliers, and the process by which a buying decision is reached

Destination

An identification of the procedure that the destination area should follow to research, plan,regulate, develop, and service tourism activity

MarketingAn examination of the processby which the destination areaand individual suppliers market their products and service to potential customerswith an emphasis on the effective use of distributionchannels

Travel

A description and analysis ofmajor travel segments, travelflows, and modes of transportation used

The tr

avel

purc

hase

The shape of

Travel demandThe se

lling of tr

avel

Reaching the

market place

The Tourism Destination

Destinations are places with some form of actual or perceived boundary Physical boundaries Political boundaries Market-created boundaries

Macrodestinations – the contains thousands of microdestinations, including regions, states, cities, towns, and even visitor destinations within a town

©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

Management of Tourist Destination

Destinations that fail to maintain the necessary infrastructure or build inappropriate infrastructure run significant risks

Violence, political instability, natural catastrophe, adverse environmental factors, and overcrowding can all diminish the attractiveness of a destination

What was the effect of 9/11 on US Tourism?©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition

Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

Fig 1.4 A framework for tourism management

Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Inventory the social, political, physical, and economic environment

Project trends Set goals and objectives Examine alternatives to reach goals


Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Select preferred alternatives

Develop implementation strategy

Implement

Evaluate


Determinates of Demand

Prestige

Escape

Sexual Opportunity

Family Bonding

Relaxation

Social Interaction

Education

Self-discovery

Demand


Benefits of Tourism

Direct employment Support industries and

professions Multiplier effect Source of state and local taxes Stimulates exports of place-made

products


Classification of Visitor Segments

Group or Independent traveler Degree of institutionalization and impact

on the destination Plog’s categorization


Group vs. Independent

Most commonly used Group Inclusive Tour (GIT) Independent Traveler (IT)


Degree of Institutionalization and Impact on Destination

Organized mass tourists Individual mass tourists Explorers Drifters Visiting friends/relatives Business travelers Pleasure travel


Degree of Institutionalization and Impact on Destination

Business and pleasure travelers Tag-along visitors Grief travel Education and religious travel Pass-through tourists


Plog’s Categorization Allocentrics are persons with a need

for new experiences, such as backpackers and explorers

Psychocentrics are persons who do not desire change when they travel. They like non-threatening places and to stay in familiar surroundings


Fig 3.4 Plog’s psychographic traveller types

Communicating with the Tourist Market

Form an attractive image of destination

Develop packages of attractions and amenities Attractions alone do not attract

visitors


Influencing Site Selection

All tourism businesses and agencies must work together to promote a destination and to ensure that visitors’ expectations are met Fam trips, sales calls, travel missions, etc


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