Personas, scenarios, user stories.key

Personas, scenarios and user stories

IxDworks.com

Understanding Users

User-Centered Design

Useful Usable Desirable

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

Behaviour

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

Behaviour

Optimising design based on how users can, want or need to use a solution.

http://v2.centralstory.com/about/squiggle/

We are here Heading here

Restaurant

Marine

Sport

Goals & UX

User experience is a stream of passing momentary feelings

M. Hassenzahl

Be-goals, experience

Hedonic; feeling/being

e.g.

Relax

Look cool

Remain focused

Be independent

Be loved A constant

stream of self-talk

Forlizzi & Battarbee

Experience goals

Hedonic; feeling/being

e.g.

Look cool

Become admired

Remain focused

Get rich

Be loved

Do-goals, actions

Pragmatic; doing

e.g.

Post a Tweet

Look up a place

Set up a website

Play a game

Close Facebook account

A user experience occurs when a person interacts with a product.

Do-goals,

actions

TasksBe-goals,

experiences

Share a photo 1. Take photo

2. Add info

3. Upload

4. Preview

Self-expression

Foundation for the design

Ground for discussion

A reality check

Empathy

Easier to relate (than to e.g. flow chart)

Why goals?

Towards User Personas

& Storytelling

We cant ask users to be with us all the time, thus we make

user models.

Persona

Describes (your apps) imaginative users archetypes.

Is based on the real research and observation.

Shows user goals and their behavior patterns

Helps to crack what and why questions

Primary, secondary, supplemental, non-persona

Fake persona

Stereotype or a caricature

Cant be backed up

Factoids

Fun, but often useless

Persona Used as an aid to help express, discuss and

validate design questions and decisions, e.g.

Would the persona (Bob) use this?

Is this logical?

Does this make sense to this persona?

Is it fun / exiting / motivating... ?

Bob would not like this, because....

SourcesPrimary Secondary

Personal know-how

Stakeholders

Online discussions

Domain experts

Informed guesses

Feedback

Surveys

Contextual inquiry;

Talking to people directly,

Observing their behaviour

*Bonus

Talk to people who a different from you and what you know already

Look for reoccurring issues and trends, language (lingo), surprises...

Acknowledge your biases and be open-minded

Persona documentation Helps to communicate persona to other stakeholders

A document might include e.g.

background info: age, gender, occupation

mapping, such as technical skills

a short description of an activity, that is related to the

current context or problem settings and frustrations

goals

A business card.

Example template, yours can look different!

Background Bio

Name, (age), (role), occupation, education

Photo(s)Description

E.g. use environment or context, where the problem occurs and current solutions and frustrations.

Goals

What are the users end goals?

2-4 end goals and 0-1 life goals is enough for this workshop

Mapping

E.g. computer skills, necessity vs fun, quality vs price.

Example template, yours can look different!

Petter Tamm

44, botanic garden worker, father of two children

Goals

Wants to manage bulk orderings more efficiently

Is looking for quality reviews about new products

Reads reviews to find best...

quality price

As a lead gardener, Petter is responsible in ordering nutritions and specific soil for the plants for the citys botanic garden. Currently he has to do bi-weekly orders over the phone from his office, calling manufacturers one by one.

Before moving on define what of your project

What need/goal/expectation does it serve?

Scenarios

Scenarios Stories that help understand interactions

A cheap way to illustrate design solution

from users (personas) point of view

Tell users goals, motivations and actions

What should this product do?

How would user behave in this context?

What if...?

Scenarios

without your solution present-based

Focus is set on current practices that illustrate state of the art and the problem context

with your solution future-based

Focus on how problems could be addressed (without diving into details and jargon).

Scop

e of

wor

k

Its Friday afternoon. Petter opens his desktop

computer at the botanic centers office. He wants

to be quickly done with the extra flower soil orders.

!Petter decides to order the same combination of products as four weeks ago, but in smaller quantity. He does not order nutritions this time.

!Petter is not interested in staying at the office long. As soon as the order is done, he leaves work to pick his daughter from school.

Context-based scenario

Its Friday afternoon. Petter opens his desktop

computer at the botanic centers office. He wants

to be quickly done with the extra flower soil orders.

!Petter decides to order the same combination of products as four weeks ago, but in smaller quantity. He does not order nutritions this time.

!Petter is not interested in staying at the office long. As soon as the order is done, he leaves work to pick his daughter from school.

Story background, settings Goal extra orders, quick

Motivation: efficiencyHigh level actions

(e.g. re-ordering x with changes, not ordering y.)

In what settings will the product be used?

Is the persona frequently interrupted?

With what other products will it be used?

What primary activities does the persona need to perform to meet her goals?

What is the expected end result of using the product?

Use Cases/ User Stories

Use Cases

A step-by-step, often detailed description of products behaviour, which helps the user (and other actors) to achieve a result.

Components:

Use Case, Actors, Steps

Success Condition: what is considered a successful end to the use case

Failure Condition: what is considered a failed end to the use case

Steps / Basic course of events

1. Check what has been ordered before.

2. Renew a previous order.

3. Modify the order to suit current situation.

4. Place the order.

Alternative course of events

In step 1. check favorite orders.

Use CasesSimple example

Use Case Ordering extra soil. Actor Petter / botanic garden worker

User Stories

A simple, easily readable description of a specific user need.

As a (persona/role)

I want to do (what),

so I can benefit (how).

As a botanic garden worker

I want to order extra soil.

Original model popularized by Mike Cohn,

Screenshot: ScrumDesk

Condition details

User Stories

Epic / Saga user stories

Theme user stories

User stories with clear conditions of satisfactions

Theme user storiesTheme user stories

Epic / Saga user story

Example of a conditions of satisfactions

As a gardener

I want to quickly order extra soil.

... to see previous offers.

Condition: similar to the new offer

... to modify the order.

... to submit a new order.

etc.

As a gardener

I want to order soil.

Themed user stories

Todays To Do

Task

1. Discuss and describe 1 primary persona

2. Write 1 scenario based on personas goal

How would persona use your (future) solution?

3. Write few fundamental user stories OR an use case

based on the scenario

Define the most basic and crucial interactions

Resources Cooper, Alan, Reimann, R & Cronin, D. (2007) About Face 3: The essentials of interaction design. Wiley; ISBN:

0470084111

Hinton, Andrew. Personas and the Role of Documentation. (2008) http://boxesandarrows.com/personas-and-the-role-of-design-documentation/

Accessibility in User-Centered Design http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/personas.html

Hassenzahl, M. (2008). User Experience (UX): Towards and experiential perspective on product quality. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/238472807_User_experience_(UX)_Towards_an_experiential_perspective_on_product_quality/file/60b7d51bf4873231da.pdf

What research methods could I use to create personas? http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/21891/what-research-methods-can-i-use-to-create-personas

Personas http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Persona+Categories

Mike Cohn. http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/articles?tag=user%20stories

Stellman & Green. Building better software. http://www.stellman-greene.com/2009/05/03/requirements-101-user-stories-vs-use-cases/

User Story map http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-to-create-user-story-map.html

Images

Boat https://www.flickr.com/photos/time-to-look/14551961151/sizes/l

Restaurant https://www.flickr.com/photos/en321/9908577253/sizes/l

Girls with ice-creams https://www.flickr.com/photos/pbaitor/4998329309/sizes/l

Woman in hospital bed https://www.flickr.com/photos/uhduh/12242998/sizes/l

Girl with a phone https://www.flickr.com/photos/brandoncwarren/2952179726/sizes/l

Men on a bench https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottrsmith/6194527237/sizes/l

Woman at ATM https://www.flickr.com/photos/betsssssy/435300495/sizes/l

User Case Map http://www.batimes.com/articles/user-stories-and-use-cases-dont-use-both.html