Personality

• Trait- aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. Based on behavior, consistent

• Five-Factor Model- recent research suggesting 5 basic traits/factors: extroversion, emotional stability (Eysenck), conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience

Freud• Id- Basic drives/demands ex. Hunger.

Pleasure through instant gratification “I want”

• Ego- Reason and good sense, reality principle. Forms because demands may be harmful, can’t always get what you want

• Superego- Moral principle, standards and values. Acts as conscience and floods ego with feelings of guilt and shame

Defense Mechanisms(what are they?)

• Methods the ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions

• Repression: removes anxiety causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into unconscious

• Rationalization: use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas - distortion

• Displacement: transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object (yelling @ friend after coach yelled at you)

• Regression: When under a great deal of stress they will return to a behavior that is characteristics of an earlier stage of development

Defense Mechanisms cont’d• Projection: people deal

with unacceptable impulses by projecting these impulses outward onto other people (cheaters often accuse partners of cheating)

• Reaction Formation: act contrary to genuine feelings in order to keep true feelings hidden

• Denial: refusing to accept the reality

• Sublimation: channel basic impulses into socially acceptable behavior. Ex. Hostile = contact sports

Stages of Development• Oral: 1st year of life,

everything in mouth. Food= pleasure. Infants who are neglected may develop oral fixations

• Anal: 11/2- 2 ½ control of own bodily functions, general self-control. Conflict can lead to anal retention or expulsion

• Phallic: 3rd year discover differences between the sexes and more focused on own bodies. Develop strong attachments to opposite sex parents also rival for parents affection

Stages of Development cont’d

• Latency: 5 or 6 conflict for several years, retreat from the conflict and repress all aggressive urges. Latent= hidden

• Genital: puberty- more aware of gender identity. Early conflicts arise.

Archetypes

• Carl Jung- Ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings. Ex: supreme being, young hero, nurturing mother

Cinderella’s story is adapted toKorean Romance dramas – rags to riches

Personality Disorders

• Paranoid: suspiciousness, distrust of others’ motives

• Schizoid: detachment from social relationships

• Schizotypal: acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentricities of behavior

• Antisocial: disregard of the rights of others

• Borderline: instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image

• Histrionic: need for attention, excessive emotionality

Personality Disorders cont’d

• Narcissistic: grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

• Avoidant: social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy

• Dependent: submissive, clinging

• Obsessive-Compulsive: obsession with orderliness, perfectionism and control