Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and...
Transcript of Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and...
Personality Disorders
Outline
• Intro• Winehouse
• Disorder - What does this mean?• Abnormality
• Abnormality, as applied to personality
• The Personality Disorders• Cluster A (Eccentric)
• Cluster B (Erratic)
• Cluster C (Anxious)
• Prevalence• Gender Differences
• Causes
Personality Disorders – Building Blocks
• Traits• Extremes associated with pers.
disorders
• Motivation• Needs
• Sex & aggression (Freud)• Intimacy, achievement, & power• Intimacy/power esp. affected
• Cognition• Perceiving, interpreting, &
planning
• Emotion• Extremes of emotion
• Self-Concept• Distortion of self-concept• Lack of stability• Narcissism
• Social Relationships• Intimacy & empathy
• Biology• Genetic basis?
DisorderWhat does it mean to have a disorder?
Disorder?
• Definition• “Pattern of behavior or experience that is distressing and painful to the
person, that leads to disability or impairment in important life domains (work, marriage/relationship difficulties), and is associated with increased risk for further suffering, loss of function, death, or confinement.”• Amer. Psychiatric Association (2000)
Disorder? (cont’d)
• Abnormality• Is there consensus on what is normal?
• Importance of context
• Definition:• “Whatever is different from normal is abnormal”
• Psychologist:• Incongruence between behavior and circumstances = disorder
• DSM• > 200 mental “disorders”
• Can’t just look it up in the book…
Disorder? (cont’d)
• Abnormality, as applied to personality
• Def. Personality Disorder• According to DSM-IV-TR
• An enduring pattern of experience and behaviour that differs greatly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.
The Different Disorders
The Personality Disorders
• The Eccentric Cluster• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal
• Paranoid
• The Erratic Cluster• Antisocial
• Borderline
• Histrionic
• Narcissistic
• The Anxious Cluster• Avoidant
• Dependent
• OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)
The Personality Disorders
• Common to all (see your notes):
• Don’t forget:1. Culture
2. Age
3. Gender
• Now, on to the good stuff…
Eccentric Cluster
Eccentric - Schizoid
• Schizoid = “schism”• “Split” or “division”
• Split off (detached) from normal social relations
• No need for - friendships/intimate relationships
• Hobbies:• Example – stamp collecting
• Solitary jobs
• Little pleasure from:• Bodily/sensory experiences• E.g., eating/sex
Eccentric - Schizotypal
• Acutely uncomfortable in social relationships
• Esp. w/ strangers
• Why?• Very suspicious of others
• Can’t trust
• Can’t relax in presence of others
• Odd/eccentric
• Superstitious/magic
• Unusual perceptions – bordering on hallucinations
Eccentric - Paranoid
• Other two – “uncomfortable w/ others”
• Paranoid = sees constant threat from others.
• Others want to exploit & deceive them
• Misinterprets social events• Takes things waayyyy too personal
• Another feature:• Pathological jealousy
Erratic ClusterCan be unpredictable, violent, and ultra-emotional
Erratic - Antisocial
• Ahhh… APD (antisocial personality disorder)
• General disregard for others
• Cares very little for:• Rights• Feelings• Happiness
• Of others.
• Established pattern:• Childhood behavioural problems
• Can lead to APD
• Antisocial = lack of concern for social norms.
• Other features:• Repeated lying• Impulsivity• Easily irritated
• Can respond with aggression
• Irresponsible• Easily bored• Monotony/routine is stressful
Erratic – Antisocial (cont’d)
Erratic – Antisocial (cont’d)
• Inside the mind of Anders Breivik
• Charles Manson
• Well-known (somewhat) APD’s• Caution with the source
• A decent slideshow (slideshare.net)• If time….
• Related – Psychopathy• Read in book
Erratic - Borderline
• Key feature:
• Instability:• Relationships
• Behaviour
• Emotions
• Self-image
• Relationships:• Intense
• Emotional
• Potentially violent
Erratic - Histrionic
• Key features:• Excessive attention seeking
• Emotionality
• Reading:• A case of Histrionic Personality
Disorder
Erratic - Narcissistic
• Key:
• Strong:• Need to be admired
• Sense of self-importance
• Lack of insight into feelings of others
Anxious ClusterBehaviors with intent to avoid anxiety
Anxious – Avoidant
• Hmm… let me guess…
• This person constructs a behavioral repertoire to avoid anxiety…
• Key features:
• Pervasive:• Feelings of inadequacy
• Sensitivity to criticism
Anxious - Dependent
• This is the other extreme:
• Excessive need to be taken care of:• Nurtured
• Coddled
• Told what to do
• Submissive
• Avoids disagreements
Anxious – OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) • Key:
• Order• Perfection• Very high standards for
themselves• Devotion to work in lieu of:
• Friendships• Leisure
• Miserly
• Stingy
• The case of Rita (if time)
Prevalence of Disorders
Prevalence
• Total about 13%
• Comorbidity• Bet. 25 & 50%
Prevalence – Gender Differences
• Overall prevalence is fairly equal
• APD most disparate gender diff• 1 out of 20 adult men
• Less than 1 out of 100 women
Causes of Disorders
Causes
• BPD = Environmental• Poor attachment in childhood
• Chaotic home in childhood
• Schizotypal = Genetic
• APD• A whole mix
• Abused as children
• Drug abuse
• Genetic links