BY:- FIROZ QURESHIDEPT. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

PERSONALITY DEVELOPM

ENT

PERSONALITYINTRODUCTION: personality has been

derived from the latin word “Persona” used for the mask worn by the actors to change their personality.

Personality includes the totality of one’s own behaviour towards one self and to others as well. It includes physical, psychological, emotional, social, mental, and spiritual make up i.e. “sum total of an individual’s behaviour.

DEFINITION:

The aggregate of the physical and mental qualities of an individual which will interact and function in characteristic fashion with the environment”.

- Taylor(1982)“

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY

According to Age:- 1) New Born Period(Birth-7 days): The human

life span begins at the moment of birth. New born will try to establish an

equillibrium with his external environment.

Develop a rhythm of sucking and sleeping.Loss of weight will occur ,slowlyhe tries to improve the progress.

CONTI.......2) Infancy( Birth- 1 year): focus on visual

stimuli. - cerebral cortex assumes control of his

actions. - By 3 month : smile is more frequently act

as stimuli.- Slowly crying decreases and they enjoy in

cooing, babbling and playing with fingers increases.

CONTI......- smiling increases to human faces

and voices as the age advances.- During the later half, infant is

more vigilant, apprehensive, upset when he saw a stranger or exposed to unfamiliar environment experiences” stranger anxiety” or “ separation anxiety” and he can be able to show the sign of fear.

CONTI........- After 12 month of age, the child can walk

and begins to apprehend language, can manipulate toys and shows a form of purposefulness in his play and explores potential use of toys.

- The child start reaction to biological needs or actions which are necessary for survival.

- The baby spontaneously observes the environment, responds to sounds, vocalizes and see the objects.

CONTI............- Infant develops more attachment

to the care taker. i.e. mother.- When the child is in distress, if he

sees the mother, relaxes his muscles, rests his head.

- Infant is very much pleased when he is handled, tickled or kissed or when he is sucking a nipple or his own thumb or in passing urine or stools.

CONTI..............EARLY CHILDHOOD(2-6 YEARS): The

ability to walk and about to understand and speak, language comprehension, socialization, loving, fondling, toile training etc. Will affects child’s personality and emotional development.

- love and affection of parents has a significant effect upon the child’s growth and development.

CONTI...........- Proper love by family members

gives him emotional stability and security, emotional adjustment.

CONTI.......MOTOR ACTIVITIES: Child masters

crawling, walking, running, climbing sequences.

- The child seems to enjoy by using motor skills and often drives more pleasure from practicing a new response.

- Toilet training has to be given.

CONTI..........LANGUAGE ABILITY: The child learn

language; he learns the differential meaning of words, requests and demands.

- The child can recognize and label pictures of familiar objects and parts of body.

more than 100 words he can be able to explain.

SOCIALIZATION DEMANDS: The child learns socially approved behaviour, cultural traits, values, ideal traits from society.

CONTI...........4) LATE CHILD HOOD (6- 12 YEARS):

The child develops mostly in primary schools where social and emotional development will be taking place.

- The teacher plays a vital role in the formative period.

- The child makes first contact with persons outside the family, faces a variety of tasks and makes adjustments to a wider environment.

CONTI..- Affection, situational support(i.e.

family and friends), mastery over the subject will increase the academic performance.

- At the end of this age, consolidation begins and there is stability and adaptation in the behaviour of the child results.

- Currosity, thoughts, ideas and language development occurs.

CONTI.............- They are able to remember their past

experiences.- They are active, energetic and

interested in things outside the world.- Acceptance in the peer group, adequacy

in fundamental skills like reading , writing, calculating etc. Developing positive attitudes towards social groups and institutions etc. Are the developmental tasks in this age group.

CONTI...........5)PUBESCENT AND ADOLESCENT CHILD(13-

19 YEARS): The period and rapid physical growth and secondary sexual characteristics will be attained.

- Adolescents have to prepare for their adult role in life; adapt to the change in the social life; establishes close relationship and association with fellow beings.

- Mood swings in behaviour can be observed.

CONTI................- Sex education, career choice and

development, premarital counselling and family life education etc. Activities have to be incorporated.

- Values related to personal, social, values related to parents, elders, peers, religion, moral value etc. Will be developed.

CONTI.............6) ADULTHOOD: The term “adult”

derived from latin word ‘ adultus’ means, “ grown to full size or strength or matured”.

- Adults are individuals who have completed their growth and are ready to assume their status in society.

- Certain physical and psychological changes occur:

CONTI..........a) Early Adulthood(20-40 years) It is a period of

adjustments to new patterns of life and new social expectations.

- Play new roles eg: bread winner, parent, spouse; show interest in keeping up these values make distinctive period in the life span.

- They are expected to make adjustments for themselves. They hesitate to turn to others for advise and help when they find adjustment too difficult to cope with successfully alone.

CONTI...........PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT; -Most adults reach their full height.-The capacity for vigorous activity required

strength, full speed, coordination.-Sensory and neural functions are at optimal

levels.-Visual activity, hearing are sharpest mature

brain wave patterns, reproductive capacity at its peak and regulated etc are observed.

CONTI..........COGNITIVE DEVELOPMEN: - They may combine abstract

thinking, with realistic thinking about the way, life actually works.

- Intellectual abilities appear to peak.

- Tasks requires quick response time, short term memory and perceives complex relations.

- Creative skills reach their highest level.

CONTI......MORAL DEVELOPMENT: - Logical ability is necessary before a

person can response at a given moral level.

- Life experiences can provide a training ground for moral development.

SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT:-The individual is aware of their emotions;

personality pattern, ideas thoughts and experiences of self and others.

CONTI.........- The individual focuses on reality.PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:- Develops ability to give and receive

love, wants to develop intimate relationship, otherwise they will feel isolated and withdrawn.

- DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS: - - Escape from parental control.- - Leaves the family and establishes peer group orientation.

CONTI..........- -Develop independence by making

commitment to career and family life or geographical location to live etc.

- - Realizes the real life goals, accepts the life as it is.

- - The individual chooses initial way of living.

b) Middle Adult Hood(40- 60 years): PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: Skin looses its

elasticity.

CONTI..........- Hair thin out and turns into gray or

white.-Muscular strength declines slowly.-Slow and steady decline in visual

acquity.-Decrease in production of sex

hormones, women attain menopause in mid forties( climacteric phase).

- Male climacteric occurs at about 50 years, decrease in sperms.

CONTI...............COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: -Crystallized intellectual

development continues; eg; vocabulary, judgement, reasoning ability, logic analysis etc.

-Problem solving technologies learned.

- Creativity exists, divergent thinking occurs.

-Memory and problem solving are maintained through middle hood.

CONTI..........-Ability to change and transform ideas

from one state to another.MORAL DEVELOPMENT: - Laws will be created that will maximize

the individual’s welfare.- They give as well as take.- The individual move to a stage in which

rights of others take precedence. Takes steps to support another rights.

CONTI............SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT: - Aware of emotions, personality

patterns, ideas, thoughts and experiences of self and others.

- Individual will have cluster of values, beliefs in concert with others, illness , death and tragedy.

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS IN MIDDLE AULT HOOD:

- Achieves adult civic and social responsibility.

- Maintains economic standard of living.

CONTI..........- Develop leisure time activities.- Assist the child to become

responsible adults.- Accepts and adjusts to the

physiological changes of middle age.

- Marital adjustment.

CONTI.......c) Late Adult Hood (old age above 60 years);Changes with ageing: 1)PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING:Musculoskeletal System: Height reduction of

2”. Length of long bones remain constant, shortening of trunk due to osteoporotic changes or kyphosis.

Integumentary System: Dryness of the skin, itching, skin irritation, wrinkling of the skin, graying and thinning of the hair.

CONTI..........Renal Tract: Kidney size reduces,

bladder size will decreases: urgency of micturation; muscle weakness; prostate gland enlargement in men.

Gastro Intestinal Tract Functioning: Reccurent dental problems like tooth decay, loss of teeth etc, dry mouth.

- Changes in salivary secretion. - Cardiac output decreases.

CONTI..............The Respiratory System: Reduce

mobility of ribs.- Increased cough reflex.The Nervous System: Sensory

receptors are les efficient.- Neurotransmitters synthesis and

metabolism is decreased.- Slow nerve impulses are

conducted.

CONTI............Sensory System: Vision changes

occurs.- Touch stimulation was reduced.- Hearing power reduced.Reproductive System: Ovaries

become thicker and smaller, entire reproductive organs become smaller.

- Sexual arousal is smaller with ageing.

CONTI............2) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: - The personality remains constant,

if no pathological deviation occurs.- They cope up easily during crisis.- They have the ability to feel, joy or

sorrow; pleasure or pain; love or rejection.

Learning: Learning in continuous, new learning is certainly possible in old age also.

CONTI...........Memory: It is integral part of learning. The essential

components of memory process are: acquisition of information and registration(encoding).

Creativity:-Mental ability will be preserved and

constant.- Due to low thinking process,

forgetfulness, confusion may result.

CONTI............Wisdom: Those who attain a sense of wholeness,

confusion may result.They work on reality.3) PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: Develops a sense of acceptance in life,

understands relationships that the individual develops through out their expectations, relationships were not maintained properly, they will feel lonliness and wastage of life.

CONTI...........Retirement: Retirement is crucial phase in

one’s other life. Retirement is a major economic, social and psychological event.

-They have to adjust to new pattern; they find it difficulty to have new routines and interests.

-Counselling can be given to the retire to accept retirement gracefully.

- Diet exercise, periodic health check up, yoga and meditation are necessary for facilitating them to work after retirement.

CONTI...........Facing Mortality and Death: Facing death is a

major development task of old age.Family Change: Family provides traditional

support to the aged, disintegration of joint family system was observed leads to change in structure of family, roles and functions of family.

Lonliness and Alienation: Loss of spouse, isolated feelings due to lack of supportive relationship from their children are the causes of loudiness.

CONTI...........Spiritual Development: Many

elderly have strong religious beliefs and have interest to attend religious meetings and services.

- They want to involve in religious affairs continuously to have peace of life and tries to accept peaceful death. Many of elderly tries to watch ‘ religious’ topics and religious services.

THANK YOU