Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Personal Protective Equipment Provide a barrier between you and...
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Transcript of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Personal Protective Equipment Provide a barrier between you and...
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment
• Provide a barrier between you and the chemical
• Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE)– Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits)– Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin)– Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program)– Level D - “normal” work clothes
Supplied Air SystemsSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus
Positive Pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
Advantages:Provides highest level of protection
against airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency
Limitations: Bulky and heavyLimited air supply limits work durationMay impair movement in confined spacesUnknown resistance to chemicals
Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator
Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks
Possibility of unlimited air supply
Less bulky with a longer work time
Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA
Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator
Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH)
Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult.
Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air supply and lines.
Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a minimum of five minutes.
Air Purifying RespiratorsEnhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight
Negative pressure operations – can be full face or half face
Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for emergency response
Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge
Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than 19.5%
Chemical Protective ClothingLevel A (Vapor Protection)
Provides responder with highest level of protection
Level B (Splash Protection)Provides the responder with the highest level of
respiratory protection and protection against contact with product from spills and splashes
Level C (Splash Protection)Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall be well characterized (known and measured) to provide use of APR’s.
Level A CPE
Level B CPE
Level C CPE
Chemical Protective Clothing
Level D (normal workplace protections)
Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations. No NFPA standard garment.
May include items such as:Eye ProtectionCoverallsBoots that are chemically resistantHard hatGloves
Stresses of Wearing CPC’s
Heat related stresses:
Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke
Cold related stresses:
Frostbite, Hypothermia
Psychological stress:
Hazardous area, “Body bag with Windows”
Stresses of Wearing CPC’sNFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes:
BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm HgPulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age)Respirations - greater than 24Temp – greater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 coreEKG – dysrhythmia not previously detectedMental Status – altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness Recent Medical History:
Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours.
Any alcohol within the past 6 hoursNew medications within the past 72 hours.Pregnancy
Chemical Resistance/Compatibility
Three principle manners by which chemical protective clothing materials can be compromised:
1. Penetration
2. Degradation
3. Permeation
Bio Isolation PPEs
• Cover all skin• Use with respirator
and eye protection• Should be rated for
biological (blood-borne pathogen) protection by manufacture
Problems in the Agricultural Setting
• Improper Use– Using inappropriate concentration (more is better)
– Mixing compounds together
• Improper Storage– Next flammables
– No ventilation
– Stored next to incompatibles
– Compressed Gasses indoors
Problems in the Agricultural Setting
• Limited or no PPEs– Eye & Face Protection– Apron– Gloves– Respiratory Protection
• Poor or no Signage/Markings– Hazard areas– Safe areas
Problems in the Agricultural Setting
• Limited or no Training– PPEs– Proper use
• HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120)– No MSDS– Don’t know standard
• No Emergency or Spill Plan• Poor Housekeeping• Safety equipment not maintained
Problems in the Agricultural Setting
• Usually a failure of multiple safety processes
• Complacency
• Performance before safety
• Profit before safety (safety to expensive)
Example of Spill Procedures When Spill Occurs
• Stop operations and equipment
• Isolate or evacuate area affected
• Emergency Notification
• If trained, contain and control spill
• Provide first aid and assistance to injured
• Clean up, decontamination
Natural Disasters
• Hurricane/Typhoon• Earthquake• Tsunami• Fire• Flood• Disease Outbreak
– Agriculture– Wildlife– Human
Man Made Disasters
• Transportation• Unintentional Releases• Civil Unrest• Terrorism• Technological
– Electrical– Communications– Water (Fresh and Waste)
What is an emergency?
• An Event that is--– Unplanned– Uncontrolled– Chaotic– Life, Property or Environmental Threat– Requires a rapid response to bring the event
under control
What is an emergency response?
• Rapid or timely mitigation of events
• Best use of resources
• Trained personnel
• Favorably changes the outcome
Planned Response
• Control– Isolation and Quarantine
• Notification– Local, Law Enforcement, National and
International Aid
• Have a written plan
• Test and Periodically Practice
Incident Command System
• Management System– Who’s in charge? – What’s our goals?– What’s my tasks? – Where do I fit in the organization? – Whom do I report?
Incident Management
• Places one person in charge• Clarifies objectives• Guides deployment of personnel &
resources• Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is
not overwhelmed• Eases communications & identifies chain of
command
Incident Management
• Limits high risk activities & establishes resources to provide immediate assistance
• Allows for growth and reduction of organizational structure
• For some emergencies, it is a requirement of law, 29 & 40 CFR
• Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)
Management Concepts• Division of Labor
– Work is assigned based on functions, equipment available and training/capabilities of personnel
– Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks
• Lines of Authority
– Personnel and functional groups know their roles within the organization and their relationship with other personnel participating in the emergency
Management Concepts
• Delegation– Higher level of authority gives personnel or
unit an assignment or tasks– Authority is delegated but responsibility is still
with the IC• Unity of Command
– One immediate supervisor– Prevents multiple and conflicting directives
Management Concepts• Span of Control
– Number of personnel or units supervised at one time
– Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units– Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of
danger, amount of authority given• Line Functions - functions directly associated with
actual implementation of tasks• Staff Functions - functions associated with the
support of incident operations or IC
Features of ICS• Common Terminology
– uses common language “clear text”
– pre-designated language from standard operating procedures
• Integrated Communications
– Common communications plan “trunking system”
• Modular Organization
– Organizational structure develops as-needed
– Increases and reduces in size as needed
Features of ICS• Comprehensive Resource Management
– Knows the status of available units
– Analyses incident requirements and deploys available resources in a well-coordinated effort
– “Tools in a tool box”, only take out the tools you need to get the job done - need to know what tools are needed and when to use them, in correct combination
– Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction)
– Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or responsibility)
Features of ICS
– Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command• A single plan of objectives
• Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner
• Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work assignments
– Designated Incident Facilities• Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area
– Transfer of Command• Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority
Incident Command System
• IC & Staff– PIO, Safety, Liaison
• Operations
• Planning
• Logistics
• Finance
• Division, Group, Branch
Incident Command System
Operations Section
Planning Section
Logistics Section
Finance/ Administration
Section
ICPublic Information
Safety
Liaison
FireFighting HAZMAT Ventilation
Entry DECON Research
Scene Management
• HAZMAT Sectors– Hot Zone - Contaminated area– Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or
decon area– Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone– Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area
The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace
Pacific Avian Influenza Training WorkshopCarter Davis
Pacific EMPRINTS Program