Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal Protective Equipment

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General Requirements 1926.95

This regulation requires employers to ensure that personal protective equipment "be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary…" to prevent injury.

Employer shall assure that all PPE is adequate and of a safe design and construction.

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• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury

• Employers must:

Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards

Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.

• Remember, PPE is the last level of control!


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Engineering Controls

If . . .

The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated using an engineering control.

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Engineering Controls (cont’d)

• Initial design specifications

• Substitute less harmful material

• Change process

• Enclose process

• Isolate process

• Ventilation

Examples . . .

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Work Practice Controls

If . . .

Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated using a work practice control.

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Work Practice Controls (cont’d)

• Using wet methods to cut concrete

• Personal hygiene

• Housekeeping and maintenance

• Job rotation of workers

Examples . . .

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• Eye & Face protection - safety glasses, goggles, face shields

• Head protection - hard hats

• Foot protection- safety shoes

• Hand & Arm protection - gloves

• Hearing conservation - earplugs, earmuffs

• Body protection – aprons, vests, coveralls

• Respiratory protection – APR, PAPR, SAR, SCBA


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Establishing a PPE Program

• Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation

• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE

• Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE

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Training

• When PPE is necessary

• What type of PPE is necessary

• How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear

• Limitations of the PPE

• Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:

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• 29 CFR 1926.102 Eye protection

Where possible danger of injury from: physical (particulates, flying objects) chemical (acids or caustics) radiation agents (lasers, UV, infrared)

Must meet ANSI Z87.1 - 2003


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29 CFR 1926.100 Head protection

Where possible danger of head injury from: impact, falling or flying objects, electrical shock and burns (non conductive)

Must meet ANSI Z89.2-1986


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29 CFR 1926.96 Foot protection

Where possible danger of foot injury• Heavy objects

• Sharp objects

• Hot or wet surfaces

ANSI Z41.1-1999 (Test Methods)

ASTM F2413-05 (Performance Criteria)


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29 CFR 1910.138 Hand protection

Employees shall use hand protection when hands are exposed to hazards.

ASTM F-1790 standard for cut protection performance

ANSI/ISEA 105-2000 chemical hand protection selection criteria

ASTM D 120-87, specification for rubber insulating electrical protective gloves


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29 CFR 1926.101 Hearing protection Hearing protection required above 90 dB TWA Hearing protection available at 85 dB TWA Hearing protection will always have an assigned

Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)

Hearing Conservation Program Audiometric testing for employees

Baseline audiogram Annual audiogram


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29 CFR 1926 Body protection

There are many specific OSHA standards that recognize hazards that require body protect.

• Cuts, abrasions, and impacts from tools, machinery, or materials

• Contact with Hazardous chemicals, or potentially infectious materials

• Intense heat, Hot liquids

• Radiation exposures


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29 CFR 1926.103 is identical to the 1910.134 Respiratory protection

Respirators shall be provided by the employer to protect the health of the employee

Respiratory protection may control occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors

The primary objective shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination


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Respirator program requirements

Written program and evaluation

Training

Medical evaluation

Fit testing

Proper selection

Cleaning, disinfecting and storage

On going medical monitoring


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Air purifying respirator (APR)

Chemical & mechanical filter cartridges

Combination mechanical filter / chemical cartridge

Gas masks

Powered air purifying respirators


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Air purifying respirator (APR) Requirements & Limitations

Oxygen must be > 19.5% Use only compatible parts Filters (for particulates) Cartridges & Canisters (for gases or vapors) No facial hair (beards and gross sideburns) No alterations


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Atmosphere or air supplying devices

Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

Supplied air respirators (SAR)

Combination SCBA & supplied air respirators

NOTE: Must be supplied with Grade D breathing air.


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User fit checks

Prior to each use the wearer must perform a user fit check to ensure a good seal on the face piece.

Negative pressure fit check

Positive pressure fit check


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Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

• Assess the workplace for hazards

• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE

• Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated

• Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must be worn

• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE

• Require employees to wear selected PPE

Summary

Personal Protective Equipment

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