Personal Health and

Hygiene

What is the main cause of freckles?

Freckles

Causes• Genetics• Sun

2 Types• Ephelides: lighter

brown, genetic trait, fade in winter

• Lentigines: darker, don’t fade in winterKnown as sunburn

freckles

Freckles are clusters of concentrated melanin.Ephelides

Lentigines

Lentigines

MolesMelanocytes (cells in the skin) grow

in a cluster with tissue surrounding them.

Skin Cancer Types• Basal cell carcinomas• Squamous cell carcinomas• Malignant melanoma

– Cancer of the melanocyte cells

What to Look for - Skin Cancer

List 5 ways to protect yourself from the sun.

Protection from Skin Cancer(sunburn, wrinkles)

Do True / False

1. What is the main cause of acne?

AcneCauses?

• Hormones!– Androgen

• Poor diet• Heredity• Gender

Types1. Blackheads

&Whiteheads2. Pimple/Zits3. Cysts

AcneWhat is it?

• Excess sebum mixing with dead skin & bacteria clogging a pore causing infection.

Where does it occur?

• Face (T-zone)• Back• Neck• Shoulders• Upper arms• Chest• Buttocks• Groin

List 5 things that contribute to acne?

What contributes

to Acne?• Too much washing or scrubbing

• Picking or popping

• Tanning• Sweating

• Touching skin• Clothing• Cosmetics• Hair• Environment• Medication

What causes warts?

Do True / False

WartsCauses

• Human Papillomavirus

A virus!!Through a crack

in the skin.

Types• Common• Plantar• Filiform• Flat• Genital

How are warts

treated?• Go away on their own• OTC medication• Freezing• Electrified needle to cut it away• Burning with laser or chemicals

List 2 ways you can protect your feet from foot fungus.

Fungal Infections

Types• Ring worm• Athletes foot• Jock itch

Protection• Wear flip flops in

locker rooms• Open toed shoes• “dry off”• Don’t share shoes

Eye InfectionsPrevention

Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.

Transferring germs from fingers to

eyes.

Pink Eye??• Also known as

conjunctivitis• Highly

contagious• Don’t share

personal items

Tooth DiseaseMost common

type… cavities

Causes• Bacteria that

dissolves the minerals that protect and make up teeth.

List 2 ways to protect your teeth and gums.

Tooth Disease Prevention

• Eating fewer sugary foods• Cleaning well

– Genetically prone

Gum DiseaseWhat is it?• A condition

where bacteria that live in plaque infect and destroy the gum and bones that hold the teeth.

Prevention• Eat healthy• Brush • Floss

Describe how should you floss your teeth?

Hair and Scalp ProblemsLice

• Insects that live on human hair and feed on the blood from the scalp

• Don’t share personal items.

Dandruff• Flakes of dry

skin from the scalp.

• Causes: fungus, stress, hormones, genetics, illness, infrequent shampooing, unsure

Define Calorie

CalorieA unit of heat energy – or – the amount of

energy in food.

Energy: the ability for the body to function.

3,500 calories = 1 lb. of body weight

1 GRAM = about the weight of a raisin.1 GRAM of protein or carbs = 4 calories

1 GRAM of fat = 9 calories1 GRAM of alcohol = 7 calories

Energy Requirements of

the Body• SIZE - The bigger you are, the more calories are necessary to maintain weight.

• AGE - The older you are, the less energy you need.

• ACTIVITY LEVEL - The more active you are, the more energy you need.

• GENDER - Based on body size, males need more energy.

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Energy Requirements of the Body• RATE OF GROWTH - How fast you grow

indicates how much energy you need to grow.• INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES - Basic

Metabolism - The rate at which the body uses energy.

• EFFICIENCY IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM• ENVIRONMENT - The colder it is, the more

calories you use. *Extreme temperatures• PHYSIOLOGICAL - Illness can change

calorie use.