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Rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvestingis the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it

reaches the aquifer.[22]It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock,

water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs ofhouses and local institutions can make an important contribution to the availability of

drinking water. It can supplement the subsoil water level and increase urban greenery.

ater collected from the ground, sometimes from areas which are especially prepared

for this purpose, is called stormwater harvesting.[citation needed]

!reywateris wastewatergenerated from domestic activities such as laundry,

dishwashing, and bathing, which can be recycled on"site for uses such as landscape

irrigation and constructed wetlands. !reywater is largely sterile, but not potable

#drinkable$. !reywater differs from water from the toilets which is designated sewage

orblackwater, to indicate it contains human waste. %lackwater is septic or otherwise

to&ic and cannot be reused.

Sheet mulching

In agriculture and gardening, mulch is a protective cover placed over the soil. 'ny

material or combination can be used as mulch, stones, leaves, cardboard, wood chips,

gravel, etc., though in permaculture mulches of organic material are the most common

because they perform more functions. (hese include) absorbing rainfall, reducing

evaporation, providing nutrients, increasing organic matter in the soil, feeding and

creating habitat for soil organisms, suppressing weed growth and seed germination,

moderating diurnal temperature swings, protecting against frost, and reducing erosion.*heet mulchingis an agricultural no"dig gardening technique that attempts to mimic

natural processes occurring within forests, sheet mulching mimics the leaf cover that is

found on forest floors. hen deployed properly and in combination with other

+ermacultural principles, it can generate healthy, productive and low maintenance

ecosystems.[2][2-]

*heet mulch serves as a nutrient bank, storing the nutrients contained in organic

matter and slowly making these nutrients available to plants as the organic matter

slowly and naturally breaks down. It also improves the soil by attracting and feeding

earthworms, slaters and many other soil micro"organisms, as well as adding humus.

/arthworms till the soil, and their worm castingsare among the best fertili0ers andsoil conditioners. *heet mulching can be used to reduce or eliminate undesirable plants

by starving them of light, and can be more advantageous than usingherbicideor other

methods of control.[citation needed]

Managed intensive rotational grazing

!ra0ing has long been blamed for much of the destruction we see in the environment.

1owever, it has been shown that when gra0ing is modeled after nature, the opposite

effect can be seen.[2][23]'lso known as cell gra0ing,managed intensive rotational

gra0ing#4IR!$ is a system of gra0ing in which ruminant and non"ruminant herdsand5or flocks are regularly and systematically moved to fresh pasture, range, or forest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_wetlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_(waste)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-agroforestry-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-mason-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm_castingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conditionerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_wetlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_(waste)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-agroforestry-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-mason-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm_castingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conditionerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazing

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with the intent to ma&imi0e the quality and quantity of forage growth. (his disturbance

is then followed by a period of rest which allows new growth. 4IR! can be used with

cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, rabbits, geese, turkeys, ducks and other animals

depending on the natural ecological communitythat is being mimicked.*epp 1ol0er

and6oel *alatinhave shown how the disturbance caused by the animals can be the spark

needed to start ecological successionor prepare ground for planting. 'llan *avory7sholistic managementtechnique has been likened to a permaculture approach to

rangeland management.[28]9ne variation on 4IR! that is gaining rapid popularity is

called eco"gra0ing. 9ften used to either control invasives or re"establish native species,

in eco"gra0ing the primary purpose of the animals is to benefit the environment and the

animals can be, but are not necessarily, used for meat, milk or fiber. [2:][2;][eyline designis a technique for ma&imi0ing beneficial use of water resources of a

piece of land developed in 'ustralia by farmer and engineer +. '. ?eomans. (he

Keylinerefers to a specific topographic featurelinked to water flow which is used in

designing the drainage system of the site.[]

Etymology

(he term permaculture #as a systematic method$ was first coined by 'ustralians%ill

4ollisonand @avid 1olmgrenin =;8:. (he wordpermacultureoriginally referred to

permanent agriculture[3]but was e&panded to stand also for permanent culture, as it

was seen that social aspects were integral to a truly sustainable system as inspired by

Aukuoka natural farmingphilosophy.

+ermaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against natureB of protracted

and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless laborB and of looking

at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single

product system."%ill 4ollison [8]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_successionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyline_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._A._Yeomanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Holmgrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_successionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyline_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._A._Yeomanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Holmgrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-37