Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The...

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Peripheral Nervous System • Nerves that branch from the CNS • Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic • The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves come out of the brain directly. • There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves • They are numbered with Roman numerals.

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Page 1: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

Peripheral Nervous System

• Nerves that branch from the CNS• Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic• The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and

the cranial nerves come out of the brain directly.

• There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves• They are numbered with Roman numerals.

Page 2: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

The 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves

Figure 14.8

Page 3: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

I. OLFACTORY• Transmit the sense of smell. • Outside of the CNS they are called olfactory

nerves, and inside of the CNS they are called the olfactory tract.

Page 4: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

II. OPTIC NERVE

• Transmits information from the eye’s retina.

Page 5: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

III Occulomotor Nerve• This controls most of the extrinsic muscles of

the eye (that move the eyeball).

Page 6: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

IV. Trochlear Nerve

• Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle

Page 7: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

V. Trigeminal Nerve• This is the main sensory nerve of the face. • It has a large branch that passes through the

foramen ovale of the skull. It has three parts.

Page 8: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

VI: AbducensControls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus).

Page 9: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

VII Facial Nerve• This innervates the muscles of facial expression.• A person who cannot blink or smile may have

damage to this nerve. • Bell’s Palsy is damage of the facial nerve causing

paralysis on one side.

Page 10: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

• Transmits hearing and balance. (also called Auditory nerve)

Page 11: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL• carries information from the head and neck to the

brainstem. • Information about blood pressure (baroreceptors)

Page 12: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

X: Vagus Nerve

• (vagrant = “wanders”) - the only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen.

• This is the most important cranial nerve because it innervates all of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Page 13: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

XI: ACCESSORY NERVE• Enters the skull through foramen magnum and

leaves through the jugular foramen.• It supplies the shoulder muscles.

Page 14: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE• Supplies the tongue. • Damage causes impairment of speech.

Page 15: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.
Page 16: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

Spinal Nerves

8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 – C8)12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12)5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5)5 pairs of sacral nerves (S1-S5)1 pair of coccygeal nerves (Co)

31 Total

Page 17: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

Roots – connect nerves to spinal cord

Page 18: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

PLEXUSES

• Main portions of the spinal nerves combine to form complex networks called Plexuses

Page 19: Peripheral Nervous System Nerves that branch from the CNS Somatic (voluntary) vs Autonomic The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Two divisions:• Sympathetic (fight or flight – rage, fear)

• Utilizes norepinephrine primarily• Parasympathetic (resting – digestion, etc.)

• Utilizes acetylcholine primarily


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