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Transcript of Periods of History B.C. B.C.E. C.E. A.D. Broad periods Prehistory Ancient history Middle Ages Modern...
![Page 1: Periods of History B.C. B.C.E. C.E. A.D. Broad periods Prehistory Ancient history Middle Ages Modern history Get out your study guide for the exam.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649e155503460f94affba4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Periods of HistoryB.C.B.C.E.C.E.A.D.Broad periods
PrehistoryAncient historyMiddle AgesModern history
Get out your study guide for
the exam.
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Broad periods of historyPrehistory
time before written languageAncient history
roughly 4000 years between written language and the fall of Roman EmpireMiddle Ages
500 AD – 1500 Modern history
1500 to present
Paleolithic age Neolithic age
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Cultural elements:What is present in every culture
ShelterFood/Clothing
EconomicsGovernment
ReligionArt
Family / society
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Characteristics of the Paleolithic / Old Stone Age
Yes or No?fire
spoken languagewritten language
clothing
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Life in Paleolithic times:How did they get their food?
Hunting and gatheringNomadic people
What started the Neolithic Age?Neolithic revolution:
Farming and domestication of animalsPeople settled in villages.
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Effects of Neolithic Revolution
Permanent homesVillagesAgricultural surplusTradeSpecialization
of labor
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Cultural civilization
Shelter citiesFood agricultural surplusGovernment organized governmentReligion complex religionEconomics writing
specialization of laborArt monumental architectureFamily, society social classes
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What is significant about the river valleys?
Floods > fertile soilWater for irrigation > agricultural surplusMeans of transportation > tradeOpportunities for jobs > specialization of labor
Significance of agricultural surplus:Bigger populationMore timeAbility to stay in one place
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Why did governments first develop?
Protect food supplies
Food to people in cities
Organize workers for big projects
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MesopotamiaHow did geography affect civilization?
Tigris and Euphrates
Unpredictable floods
open plains; not many mountains
Fertile Crescent
Cuneiform
first form written language
used to keep records
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Hammurabi’s codeCharacteristics
written downreflect what was right and wrongspells out crime and punishmentjudges could not change the lawsdifferent punishments for different
classes of people
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Mesopotamiareligion/architecturelegacies
wheel, plow, languagesailboat, written law codes
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EgyptGift of the Nile? (24)How did Nile protect and make
civilization in Egypt possible? (25)How did geography make civilization
possible? (31)
PapyrusPyramidsMummification
why was embalming beneficial?
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China
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Who? What? Why?
King Tut
Hatshepsut
Rosetta Stone
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Indus Valley
Also known as Harrapan
MonsoonsSeasonal winds – helped farming
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Add to the list of key terms:
primary source – object/person from a specific time periodsecondary source – source of info based on primary sourcesirrigation – to bring water to cropsArtisan – skilled worker; skilled with handsHereditary – given from one generation to anotherScribe – someone who reads and writesArtifact – an object that provides informationSpecialization – very skilled in one job or tradePolytheistic – belief in many godsMonotheistic – belief in one godSurplus – more than enough
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Ancient ChinaHow did geography positively affect the Chinese civilization?
Mountains kept out invaders – stable, isolatedNegative effect –
limited farmland; terraces necessaryOf four social classes, which is poorest?
farmersOf four social classes, which is least respected?
merchants
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What did govt workers need to know during the Han dynasty? Why?
What was the Silk Road?
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Mandate of HeavenConfucianismDaoismLegalismCivil service examsFilial pietySilk RoadGreat Wall Terra Cotta Soldiers
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Ancient GreeceHow did geography affect the civilization of Greece
isolated city states; not a central gov’tconflicts over farmlandtrade by sea; expand with colonies
Why did Greece not develop a strong central govt?
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Polis – the Greek word for cityDark Age – no culture, literature, agri surplus, tradePolitical involvement:
who was a citizen?who had political rights? (vote)
Famous GreeksSocrates – socratic method/questionsHippocrates – “father of medicine” Pythagorus, Euclid – math conceptsAristotle – great teacher; classified knowledge
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What are differences amongmonarachyoligarchytyrannydemocracy
Difference between direct democracy and representative democracy?
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Pelopponesian War betweenAthens and Sparta
Alexander the Great?Macedonian king; conquered huge empire
Pelopponesian war weakened Greece so Alexander could take Greece
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Roman civilization
2 social classes? Characteristics?Patricians – upper class/wealthyPlebeians – common people
Both had the right to vote, pay taxes
Plebeians could nothold officemarry patricians
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12 Tables
Law written on 12 plaquesAll could readApplied to allBasis for American law
Tripartite Govtconsuls, senate, assembly
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Consuls - lead govt, lead armySenate –make laws, decisions on moneyAssembly – watch out for rights of commoners
Punic wars – Rome vs. ____________Result – domination of western MediterraneanJulius Caesar = great consul
reforms to help the poorOctavian = Augustus Caesar = first emperor
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Romans were builders.practical problem solvers
Inventions –aqueductvaultdomeconcrete
Reasons for the rise of the empireReasons for the fallLast emperor thrown off throne – 476 A.D.
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