Periodic Table Trends
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Transcript of Periodic Table Trends
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Periodic Table Trends
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Atomic Radius•Half the distance between the nuclei of
two identical atoms bonded together
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Atomic Radius
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Atomic Radius•Across a Period= DECREASES
▫As you add more protons, the attractive force of the nucleus increases, pulling electrons in more closely
•Down a Group=INCREASES▫As you add more energy levels, the size of
the electron cloud increases
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Which of the elements would have the largest radius?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0%5%
84%
11%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
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Ionization Energy•The energy required to remove one
electron from a neutral atom.▫High I.E. – Harder to lose
electrons▫Low I.E. –Easier to lose
electrons
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Ionization Energy
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Ionization Energy•Across a Period=INCREASES
▫Electrons are closer to nucleus, therefore harder to remove
•Down a Group=DECREASES▫Electrons are farther from the nucleus,
therefore easier to remove
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Which element would have the lowest ionization energy?
0%
5%
26%
68%
0% 1. 20- Calcium2. 56- Barium3. 4- Beryllium4. 38- Strontium5. 12-Magnesium
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Electron Affinity•The energy released when a neutral atom
acquires an electron.•Elements that really want another
electron tend to release more energy (higher E.A.)
Across a period= INCREASESDown a group= DECREASES
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Electronegativity•The ability of an atom to attract electrons•The most electronegative element is
fluorine
Across a Period= INCREASESDown a Group= DECREASES
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Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
11%
0%5%
0%
84%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
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METALS vs NONMETALS• METALLIC CHARACTER• Lower I.E. (tend to lose e-)• Lower E.N. (don’t want e-)• High Luster (shiny!)• Good Conductors• Malleable and Ductile
• MOST METALLIC ELEMENT:
• NONMETALLIC CHARACTER
• High I.E. (don’t want to lose e-)
• High E.N. (tend to gain e-)• Dull (no luster)• Poor Conductors• Brittle as solids
• MOST NONMETALLIC ELEMENT:Francium Fluorine
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Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal?
13-Aluminum
14-Silic
on
17-Chlorine
12- Magnesiu
m
16-Sulfu
r
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. 13-Aluminum2. 14-Silicon3. 17-Chlorine4. 12- Magnesium 5. 16-Sulfur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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37-Rubidium would have all of the following characteristics except?
High Conducti
vity
High M
alleabilit
y
High Britt
leness
Solid
at Room Temperature
1 Valence El
ectron
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.1 Valence Electron
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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35-Bromine would have which one of the following characteristics?
High Conducti
vity
High M
alleabilit
y
High Britt
leness
Solid
at Room Temperature
7 Valence El
ectrons
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1.High Conductivity2.High Malleability3.High Brittleness4.Solid at Room Temperature5.7 Valence Electrons
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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